Bibliography for HIST4226 Society and Religion in the Medieval Crusader States BETA

A Database of Crusaders to the Holy Land, 1095 - 1149 (no date). Available at: https://www.hrionline.ac.uk/crusaders/.

Abu l’Fida (1949a) ‘The Book of Inciting Desire’, in C.D. Matthews (ed.) Palestine-Mohammedan Holy Land. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 43–139. Available at: https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.88352/2015.88352.Palestine-Mohammedan-Holy-Land#page/n17/mode/2up.

Abu l’Fida (1949b) ‘The Book of Inciting Desire’, in C.D. Matthews (ed.) Palestine-Mohammedan Holy Land. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 43–139. Available at: https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.88352/2015.88352.Palestine-Mohammedan-Holy-Land#page/n17/mode/2up.

Abulafia, D. (2002) ‘Introduction: Seven types of ambiguity, c. 1100 - c. 1500’, in Medieval frontiers: concepts and practices. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 1–34.

Abulafia, D. (2011) ‘“The profit that God shall give”, 1100-1200’, in The great sea: a human history of the Mediterranean. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Adler, E.N. (1930) Jewish travellers. London: G. Routledge & sons, ltd. Available at: https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-108936-464/page/n12/mode/2up.

Aerts, W.J. (2003) A Byzantine traveler to one of the crusader states, East and West in the Crusader states: context, contacts, confrontations, III. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters, pp. 165–221.

Aigle, D. (2012) Le Bilād al-Šām face aux mondes extérieurs: la perception de l’Autre et la représentation du Souverain. Beyrouth: Presses de l’Ifpo.

Allen, S.J. and Amt, E. (eds) (2014) The Crusades: a reader. Second edition. North York, Ontario: University of Toronto Press.

Amitai, R. (2008) ‘"Diplomacy and the Slave Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean: A Re-examination of the Mamluk-Byzantine-Genoese Triangle in the Late Thirteenth Century in Light of the Existing Early Correspondence’, Oriente Moderno, NS 87(2). Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25818179.

Ancient Maps of Jerusalem (no date). Available at: http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/dl/maps/jer/.

Ancient Resource: Medieval Artifacts From the Crusades (no date). Available at: http://www.ancientresource.com/lots/medieval_crusades/crusaders_artifacts1.html.

Asbridge, T.S. (1999) ‘The “Crusader” Community at Antioch: The Impact of Interaction with Byzantium and Islam’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/3679407.

Aslanov, C. (2002) ‘Languages in Contact in the Latin East: Acre and Cyprus’, Crusades, 1, pp. 155–181. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=dfa79ccf-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Attiya, H.M. (1999) ‘Knowledge of Arabic in the Crusader States in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries’, Journal of Medieval History, 25(3), pp. 203–213. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.sciencedirect.com./science/article/pii/S0304418198000220?np=y.

Balard, M. and Ducellier, A. (2002) ‘L’impantation des Latins en Asie Mineure avant la Premiere Croisade’, in Migrations et diasporas mediterraneennes Xe-XVIe siecles): actes du colloque de Conques. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, pp. 115–124.

Baldwin, M.W. (1969) A History of the Crusades, vol. 1: The first hundred years. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Available at: https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusOne.

Barber, M. (2012) The crusader states. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780300189315.

Barber, M. and Bate, A.K. (2010a) Letters from the East: crusaders, pilgrims and settlers in the 12th-13th centuries. Farnhamm, Surrey: Ashgate. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4523572.

Barber, M. and Bate, A.K. (2010b) Letters from the East: crusaders, pilgrims and settlers in the 12th-13th centuries. Farnhamm, Surrey: Ashgate.

Bartal, R., Bodner, N. and Kühnel, B. (eds) (2017) Natural materials of the Holy Land and the visual translation of place, 500-1500. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Baumgärtner, I. (2013) ‘Burchard of Mount Sion and the Holy Land’, Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art & Architecture, 4(1), pp. 5–41. Available at: https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal/vol4/iss1/2/.

Bearers of the Cross -  Material Religion in the Crusading World, 1095–c.1300 (no date). Available at: http://www.bearersofthecross.org.uk/.

Bedrosian, R. (ed.) (2005) Smbat Sparapet’s Chronicle. Long Branch, NJ: Sources of the Armenian Tradition. Available at: http://www.attalus.org/armenian/cssint.htm.

Bedrosian, R. (ed.) (no date) The Chronicle of Michael the Great, Patriarch of the Syrians. Available at: https://archive.org/details/ChronicleOfMichaelTheGreatPatriarchOfTheSyrians/page/n247/mode/2up.

Beech, G.T. (1993) ‘A Norman-Italian Adventurer in the East: Richard of Salerno, 1097-1112’, in Anglo-Norman studies, 15: Proceedings of the XV Battle Conference and of the XI Colloquio Medievale of the Officina di studi medievali, 1992. Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 25–40. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=41c043fd-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Benes, C.E. (ed.) (2018) A companion to medieval Genoa. Leiden: Brill.

Benisch, A. (1856) Travels of Rabbi Petachia of Ratisbon. London: Trubner. Available at: https://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10239844_00005.html.

Benjamin of Tudela (2014a) ‘The itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela’, in E.N. Adler (ed.) Jewish travellers. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=201215.

Benjamin of Tudela (2014b) ‘The itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela’, in E.N. Adler (ed.) Jewish travellers. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=201215.

Benjamin Z. Kedar (1983) ‘Gerard of Nazareth a Neglected Twelfth-Century Writer in the Latin East: A Contribution to the Intellectual and Monastic History of the Crusader States’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 37, pp. 55–77. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1291477.

Berend, N. (1999) ‘Medievalists and the Notion of the Frontier’, The Medieval History Journal, 2(1), pp. 55–72. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/097194589900200104.

Bird, J.L., Peters, E. and Powell, J.M. (2013) Crusade and Christendom: annotated documents in translation from Innocent III to the fall of Acre, 1187-1291. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3442060.

Bishop, A.M. (2013) ‘Usama ibn Munqidh and Crusader law in the 12th century’, Crusades, 12.

Boas, A.J. (1999) Crusader archaeology: the material culture of the Latin East. Second edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781315707372.

Boas, A.J. (2001) Jerusalem in the time of the crusades: society, landscape and art in the Holy City under Frankish rule. London: Routledge.

Boas, A.J. (2010) Domestic settings: sources on domestic architecture and day-to-day activities in the Crusader states. Leiden: Brill. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=583713.

Brauer, R.W. (1995) ‘Boundaries and Frontiers in Medieval Muslim Geography’, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 85(6). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/1006658.

Brett, M. (2004) ‘Abbasids, Fatimids and Seljuqs’, in The new Cambridge medieval history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 675–720. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111.026.

Brett, M. (2017) The Fatimid Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Brownlow, Rev.C. (ed.) (1892) Saewulf. London: Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society. Available at: https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534299.

Brundage, J.A. (1962) The Crusades: a documentary survey. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.

Buck, A.D. (2017a) The principality of Antioch and its frontiers in the twelfth century. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4793132.

Buck, A.D. (2017b) The principality of Antioch and its frontiers in the twelfth century. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4793132.

Buckler, G. (1929) Anna Comnena: a study. Oxford: Clarendon P.

Bull, M.G. (2005) ‘The Evidence for Medieval History’, in Thinking medieval: an introduction to the study of the Middle Ages. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 62–98.

Burhan ad-Din Ibn al-Firkah al-Fazari (1949a) ‘The Book of Arousing Souls to Visit Jerusalem’s Holy Walls’, in C.D. Matthews (ed.) Palestine-Mohammedan Holy Land. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 1–42. Available at: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.88352.

Burhan ad-Din Ibn al-Firkah al-Fazari (1949b) ‘The Book of Arousing Souls to Visit Jerusalem’s Holy Walls’, in C.D. Matthews (ed.) Palestine-Mohammedan Holy Land. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 1–42. Available at: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.88352.

Burnett, C. (2000) ‘Antioch as link between Arabic and Latin culture in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries’, in I. Draelants et al. (eds) Occident et Proche-Orient: contacts scientifiques au temps des Croisades. Actes du colloque de Louvain-la-Neuve, 24 et 25 mars 1997. Louvain-la-Neuve: Brepols, pp. 1–19.

Burnett, C. (2006) ‘Stephen, the disciple of philosophy, and the exchange of medical learning in Antioch’, Crusades, 5, pp. 113–129.

Burns, R.I. (1989) ‘The Significance of the Frontier in the Middle Ages’, in Medieval frontier societies. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 307–330. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203612.001.0001.

Cairo Genizah (no date). Available at: http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/genizah.

Campbell, M.B. (1991) The witness and the other world: exotic European travel writing, 400-1600. 1st print., Cornell Pbks. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03193.

Canons of the Council of Nablus (1120) (no date). Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20210424000526/http://www.crusaderstates.org/canons-of-the-council-of-nablus.html.

Catlos, B.A. (2014a) ‘Ethno-Religious Minorities’, in P. Horden and S. Kinoshita (eds) A companion to Mediterranean history. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118519356.

Catlos, B.A. (2014b) Muslims of Latin Christendom, ca. 1050-1615. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1658740.

Chareyron, N. (2005) Pilgrims to Jerusalem in the Middle Ages. New York: Columbia University Press.

Charters of the Seigneury of Joscelin (no date). Available at: http://www.crusaderstates.org/charters-of-the-seigneury-of-jocelyn.html.

Christ, G. (ed.) (no date) Union in separation: diasporic groups and identitites in the Eastern Mediterranean (1100-1800). First edition. Roma: Viella.

Christie, N. (2004a) ‘Just a bunch of dirty stories? Women in the “memoirs” of Usamah Ibn Munquidh’, in R. Allen (ed.) Eastward bound: travel and travellers, 1050-1550. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 71–87.

Christie, N. (2004b) ‘Just a bunch of dirty stories? Women in the “memoirs” of Usamah Ibn Munquidh’, in R. Allen (ed.) Eastward bound: travel and travellers, 1050-1550. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 71–87.

Christie, N. (2014a) ‘Cosmopolitan Trade Centre or Bone of Contention? Alexandria and the Crusades, 487–857/1095–1453’, Al-Masaq, 26(1), pp. 49–61. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2014.877196.

Christie, N. (2014b) Muslims and Crusaders: Christianity’s wars in the Middle East, 1095-1382, from the Islamic sources. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Chronique du templier de Tyr. English (2003) The ‘Templar of Tyre’: Part III of the ‘Deeds of the Cypriots’. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Ciggaar, K. (1996) ‘Manuscripts as intermediearies. The crusader states and literary cross-fertilisation’, East and West in the Crusader states: context, contacts, confrontations, vol. I. Edited by K.N. Ciggaar, A. Davids, and H.G.B. Teule, Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta, pp. 131–150.

Ciggaar, K. (1999) ‘Glimpses of life in Outremer in Exempla and Miracula’, in K.N. Ciggaar and H.G.B. Teule (eds) East and West in the Crusader states: context, contacts, confrontations, vol. II. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters, pp. 131–152.

Ciggaar, K. (2010) ‘Cultural identities in Antioch (969-1268): Integration and desintegration - new texts and images’, in M. Borgolte and B. Schneidmüller (eds) Hybride Kulturen im mittelalterlichen Europa: Vorträge und Workshops einer internationalen Frühlingsschule = Hybrid cultures in medieval Europe : papers and workshops of an international spring school. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, pp. 105–122. Available at: http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1345907.

Ciggaar, K.N. et al. (1996) ‘Ethnographic attitudes in the Crusader States: the Franks and the indigenous Orthodox people’, in East and West in the Crusader states: context, contacts, confrontations. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters, pp. 1–19.

Clifford, W.W. and Conermann, S. (2013) State formation and the structure of politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648-741 A.H./1250-1340 C.E. Göttingen: V&R unipress. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1135700.

Cobb, P. (2002) ‘Virtual Sacrality: Making Muslim Syria Sacred Before the Crusades’, Medieval Encounters, 8(1), pp. 35–55. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/157006702320365931.

Cobb, P.M. (2005) Usama ibn Munqidh: warrior-poet of the age of Crusades. Oxford: Oneworld.

Cobb, P.M. (2014) The race for paradise: an Islamic history of the Crusades. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780191625237.

Comnena, A. (1969) The Alexiad. Edited by E.R.A. Sewter. London: Penguin Books.

Constable, O.R. (2003) Housing the stranger in the Mediterranean world: lodging, trade, and travel in late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.30998.

Couroucli, M. (2014) ‘Shared Sacred Places’, in P. Horden and S. Kinoshita (eds) A companion to Mediterranean history. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 378–391. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118519356.ch24.

Crusader Syria in the thirteenth century: the Rothelin continuation of the History of William of Tyre with part of the Eracles or Acre text (1999). Aldershot: Ashgate.

Cutler, A. (2004) ‘Everywhere and Nowhere: The invisible Muslim and Christian self-fashioning in the culture of Outremer’, in France and the Holy land: Frankish culture at the end of the crusades. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 253–281.

Dajani-Shakeel, H. (1978) ‘Displacement of the Palestinians during the crusades’, The Muslim World, 68(3), pp. 157–175. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1978.tb03351.x.

Dajani-Shakeel, H. (1990) ‘Natives and Franks in Palestine: perceptions and interaction’, in Conversion and continuity: indigenous Christian communities in Islamic lands, eighth to eighteenth centuries. Toronto, Ont., Canada: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, pp. 161–184. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=a2031a11-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Dajani-Shakeel, H. (1995) ‘Some aspects of Muslim-Frankish Christian relations in the Sham region in the twelfth century’, in Christian-Muslim encounters. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, pp. 193–209. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=2d78c0e3-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Daniella Talmon Heller (1994) ‘The Shaykh and the Community: Popular Hanbalite Islam in 12th-13th Century Jabal Nablus and Jabal Qasyūn’, Studia Islamica, (79), pp. 103–120. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595838.

David, A. (1995) ‘Trade and crusade, 1050-1250’, in M. Goodich, S. Menache, and S. Schein (eds) Cross cultural convergences in the Crusader period: essays presented to Aryeh Grabois on his sixty-fifth birthday. New York: P. Lang, pp. 1–20. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=f804a107-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Devard, J. et al. (2018) Autour des Assises de Jérusalem. Paris: Classiques Garnier.

Donnadieu, J. (2014) Jacques de Vitry (1175/1180-1240): entre l’Orient et l’Occident. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers.

Drory, J. (2004a) ‘Some observations during a visit to Palestine by Ibn al-’Arabi of Seville in 1092- 1095’, Crusades, 3, pp. 101–124.

Drory, J. (2004b) ‘Some observations during a visit to Palestine by Ibn al-’Arabi of Seville in 1092- 1095’, Crusades, 3, pp. 101–124.

Dunbabin, J. (2002) Captivity and imprisonment in Medieval Europe, 1000-1300. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781403940278.

Eade, J. and Sallnow, M.J. (1991) Contesting the sacred: the anthropology of Christian pilgrimage. London: Routledge.

Edbury, P.W. (1995) ‘Law and custom in the Latin East: les letres dou sepulcre’, Mediterranean Historical Review, 10(1–2), pp. 71–79. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09518969508569684.

Edbury, P.W. (1999) ‘The crusader states’, in D. Abulafia (ed.) The New Cambridge Medieval History, v. 5. c.1198-c.1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 590–606. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362894.

Edbury, P.W. and Metcalf, D.M. (1980) Coinage in the Latin East. Oxford: B.A.R.

Edbury, P.W. and Rowe, J.G. (1988) William of Tyre: historian of the Latin East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Eddé, A.-M. (2011) ‘Commerce and Markets’, in Saladin. Cambridge, Mass: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, pp. 447–461. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c1260640-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Edgington, S.B. (2011) ‘Oriental and Occidental Medicine in the Crusader States’, in C. Kostick (ed.) The Crusades and the Near East. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 189–215. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203841976.

Edson, E. (1994) Matthew Paris’ ‘other’ map of Palestine. Available at: http://www.artwis.com/articles/matthew-paris-other-map-of-palestine/.

Edwards, R. (2013) ‘Cosmopolitan Imaginaries’, in J.M. Ganim (ed.) Cosmopolitanism and the Middle Ages. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137045096.

Ehrenkreutz, A. (1981) ‘Strategic Implications of the Slave Trade between Genoa and Mamluk Egypt in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century’, in A.L. Udovitch (ed.) The Islamic Middle East, 700-1900: studies in economic and social history. Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press, pp. 335–345. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c51c1ef4-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Elad, A. (1995) Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic worship: holy places, ceremonies, pilgrimage. Leiden: E.J. Brill.

Elad, A. (1996) ‘Pilgrims and pilgrimage to Hebron (al-Khalil) during the early Muslim period (638 ?- 1099)’, in B.F. LeBeau and M. Mor (eds) Pilgrims and travelers to the Holy Land. 7th Symposium of the Philip M. and Ethel Klutznik Chair in Jewish Civilization. Omaha: Creighton U.P., pp. 21–62.

El-Azhari, T.K. (2016) Zengi and the Muslim response to the Crusades: the politics of jihad. London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.

Ellenblum, R. (1996) ‘Colonization Activities in the Frankish East: The Example of Castellum Regis (Mi’ilya)’, The English Historical Review, 111(440), pp. 104–122. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/577863.

Ellenblum, R. (1998) Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=0bc8f254-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Ellenblum, R. (2002) ‘Were there borders and borderlines in the Middle Ages? The example of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem’, in D. Abulafia and N. Berend (eds) Medieval frontiers: concepts and practices. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 105–119.

Ellenblum, R. (2003) ‘Frontier activities: the transformation of a Muslim sacred site into the Frankish castle of Vadum Iacob’, Crusades, 2, pp. 83–97. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=e0a79ccf-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Ellenblum, R. (2007) Crusader castles and modern histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=288456.

Ellenblum, R. (2012) The Collapse of the Eastern Mediterranean: Climate Change and the Decline of the East, 950–1072. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139151054.

Epstein, Steven A. (2006) ‘The perception of difference’, in Purity lost: transgressing boundaries in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1000-1400, Epstein: 1000-1400. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 9–51.

Epstein, Steve A. (2006) ‘Treaties and diplomacy’, in S. Epstein (ed.) Purity lost: transgressing boundaries in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1000-1400, Epstein: 1000-1400. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 96–136. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c2260640-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Epstein, S.A. (2014) ‘Hybridity’, in P. Horden and S. Kinoshita (eds) A companion to Mediterranean history. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118519356.

Folda, J. (1986) The Nazareth capitals and the Crusader Shrine of the Annunciation. University Park: Published for the College Art Association of America by the Pennsylvania State University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06134.

Folda, J. (1993) ‘Images of Queen Melisende in Manuscripts of William of Tyre’s History of Outremer: 1250-1300’, Gesta, 32(2), pp. 97–112. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/767168.

Folda, J. (1995) ‘Crusader art in the twelfth century: Reflections on Christian multiculturalism in the levant’, Mediterranean Historical Review, 10(1–2), pp. 80–91. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09518969508569685.

Folda, J. (1999) ‘Art in the Latin East 1098-1291’, in The Oxford History of the Crusades, pp. 138–154. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/Open.aspx?id=44460&src=0.

Folda, J. (2005) Crusader art in the Holy Land: from the Third Crusade to the fall of Acre, 1187-1291. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Folda, J. (2008) Crusader art: the art of the Crusaders in the Holy Land, 1099-1291. Aldershot: Lund Humphries.

Folda, J. (2015) ‘Twelfth-Century Crusader Art in Bethlehem and Jerusalem: Points of Contact between Europe and the Crusader Kingdom’, in R. Bacile and J. McNeill (eds) Romanesque and the Mediterranean: Patterns of Exchange across the Latin, Greek and Islamic Worlds c. 1000 - c. 1250. Maney Publishing, pp. 1–14. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/15507838/TWELFTH-CENTURY_PILGRIMAGE_ART_IN_BETHLEHEM_AND_JERUSALEM_POINTS_OF_CONTACT_BETWEEN_EUROPE_AND_THE_CRUSADER_KINGDOM.

Forey, A. (1999) ‘The military orders 1120-1312’, in 1938-2016 Riley-Smith, Jonathan (ed.) The Oxford history of the Crusades. Oxford, [England]: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=537613.

Forey, A. (2002) ‘The military orders and the conversion of Muslims in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries’, Journal of Medieval History, 28(1). Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.sciencedirect.com./science/article/pii/S0304418101000148?np=y.

Freidenreich, D.M. (2011) Foreigners and their food: constructing otherness in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic law. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520253216.001.0001.

French of Outremer (no date). Available at: http://legacy.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/medieval_studies/french_of_outremer/.

Frenkel, Y. (1996) ‘Muslim pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Mamluk period’, in Pilgrims and travelers to the Holy Land. Symposium of the Philip M. and Ethel Klutznik Chair in Jewish Civilization. Omaha: Creighton U.P.

Friedman, Y. (2002) Encounter between enemies: captivity and ransom in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Leiden: Brill.

Friedman, Y. (2006) ‘Charity Begins At Home? Ransoming Captives In Jewish, Christian And Muslim Tradition’, Studia Hebraica, 6. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=12634.

Friedman, Y. (2011) ‘Peacemaking in the Middle Ages: Principles and Practice’, Medieval Review [Preprint].

Friedman, Y. and Furstenberg-Levi, S. (2017) ‘Pilgrimage Guides to the Holy Land: Past and Present’, Journeys, 18(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3167/jys.2017.180102.

Fromherz, A.J. (2016) The Near West: medieval North Africa, Latin Europe and the Mediterranean in the Second Axial Age. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748642946.001.0001.

Fulcher of Chartres (1969) A history of the expedition to Jerusalem, 1095-1127. Edited by F.R. Ryan. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Gabrieli, F. (2009) Arab historians of the Crusades. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=453735.

George Tvrtković, R. (2012) A Christian pilgrim in medieval Iraq: Riccoldo da Montecroce’s encounter with Islam. Turnhout: Brepols.

Georges Jehel (no date) ‘Les Bedouins entre Syrie et Egypte au temps des croisades’, in Questions d’histoire Orient et Occident DU IX AU XVe Siecle. Ed. du Temps, pp. 293–301.

George-Tvrtkovic, R. (2012) A Christian pilgrim in medieval Iraq: Riccoldo da Montecroce’s encounter with Islam. Turnhout: Brepols.

Georgopoulou, M. (1999) ‘Orientalism and Crusader Art: Constructing a New Canon’, Medieval Encounters, 5(3), pp. 289–321. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/157006799X00097.

Georgopoulou, M. (2004) ‘The Artistic World of the Crusaders and Oriental Christians in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries’, Gesta, 43(2). Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25067099.

Gil, M. (1992a) A history of Palestine, 634-1099. 1st pbk ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gil, M. (1992b) ‘The economy’, in A history of Palestine, 634-1099. 1st pbk ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 224–278. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=39deff97-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Goitein, S.D. (1973a) Letters of medieval Jewish traders. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Goitein, S.D. (1973b) Letters of medieval Jewish traders. [Princeton]: Princeton University Press.

Goitein, S.D., Gustave E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies, and American Council of Learned Societies (1967) A Mediterranean society: the Jewish communities of the Arab world as portrayed in the documents of the Cairo Geniza. Berkeley: University of California Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00888.

Goldberg, J. (2012) ‘Merchants in their community’, in Trade and Institutions in the Medieval Mediterranean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 33–55. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511794209.004.

Griffith, S.H. (1988) ‘The monks of Palestine and the growth of Christian literature in Arabic’, The Muslim World, 78(1), pp. 1–28. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1988.tb02807.x.

Haddad, W.Z. (1983) ‘The Crusaders Through Muslim Eyes’, The Muslim World, 73(3–4), pp. 234–252. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1983.tb03266.x.

Halperin, C.J. (1984) ‘The Ideology of Silence: Prejudice and Pragmatism on the Medieval Religious Frontier’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 26(03). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500011099.

Hamilton, B. (1977) ‘Rebuilding Zion: the holy places of Jerusalem in the twelfth century’, in Renaissance and renewal in Christian history: papers read at the fifteenth summer meeting and the sixteenth winter meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by Basil Blackwell, pp. 105–116.

Hamilton, B. (1978a) ‘The Elephant of Christ: Reynald of Châtillon’, in Religious motivation: biographical and sociological problems for the church historian. Papers read at the sixteenth summer meeting and the seventeenth winter meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by Blackwell, pp. 97–108. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=a1031a11-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Hamilton, B. (1978b) ‘Women in the crusader states: the queens of Jerusalem (1100-1190)’, in Medieval women. Oxford: Basil Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=16a0ed83-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Hamilton, B. (1980a) ‘Relations with the Orthodox, 1098-1187’, in The Latin Church in the Crusader states: the secular church. London: Variorum, pp. 159–187. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=cd8e33b3-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Hamilton, B. (1980b) The Latin Church in the Crusader states: the secular church. London: Variorum.

Hamilton, B. (1980c) ‘The spiritual work of the Latin Church in Syria’, in The Latin Church in the Crusader states: the secular church. London: Variorum, pp. 361–370.

Hamilton, B. (1995) ‘Ideals of Holiness: Crusaders, Contemplatives, and Mendicants’, The International History Review, 17(4), pp. 693–712. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40107439.

Hamilton, B. (1996) ‘The Latin Church in the Crusader States’, in East and West in the Crusader states: context, contacts, confrontations. Acta of the congress held at Hernen Castle in May 1993. Uitgeverij Peeters, pp. 1–20.

Hamilton, B. (2000a) ‘Our Lady of Saidnaya: an orthodox shrine revered by Muslims and knights Templar at the time of the crusades’, in R.N. Swanson (ed.) The Holy Land, holy lands, and Christian history: papers read at the 1998 Summer Meeting and the 1999 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by the Boydell Press, pp. 207–215. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=64741c25-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Hamilton, B. (2000b) The leper king and his heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hamilton, B. (2011) ‘Latins and Georgians and the Crusader Kingdom’, Al-Masaq, 23(2), pp. 117–124. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2011.580630.

Handyside, P. (2015) The Old French William of Tyre. Leiden: Brill.

Hashmi, S.H. (2012) Just wars, holy wars, and jihads: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim encounters and exchanges. New York: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199755042.001.0001.

Hazard, H.W. (1977) The art and architecture of the crusader states. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Available at: https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusFour.

Hermes, N.F. (2012) The (European) other in Medieval Arabic literature and culture: Ninth-twelfth century AD. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137081650.

Herzig, E. and Stewart, S. (eds) (2015) The age of the Seljuqs. London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd.

Hillenbrand, C. (1999a) ‘Aspects of Life in the Levant in the Crusading Period’, in The Crusades: Islamic perspectives. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 329–429.

Hillenbrand, C. (1999b) The Crusades: Islamic perspectives. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=bd50ab8e-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Hillenbrand, C. (1999c) ‘The First Crusade and the Muslims’ initial reactions to the coming of the Franks’, in The Crusades: Islamic perspectives. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 31–88.

Hirschler, K. (2014) ‘Ibn Wāsil: An Ayyubid Perspective on Frankish Lordships and Crusades’, in Medieval Muslim historians and the Franks in the Levant. Boston: Brill.

Hitti, P.K. (1972) ‘The impact of the crusades on Eastern Christianity’, in Medieval and Middle Eastern studies : in honor of Aziz Suryal Atiya. Leiden: Brill. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=143e9d36-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Hodgson, N. (2011) ‘Conflict and cohabitation: marriage and diplomacy between Latins and Cilician Armenians, c. 1097-1253’, in C. Kostick (ed.) The Crusades and the Near East. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 83–106. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203841976.

Hoffman, E.R. (2001) ‘Pathways of Portability: Islamic and Christian Interchange from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century’, Art History, 24(1), pp. 17–50. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8365.00248.

Holmes, U.T. (1977) ‘Life among the Europeans in Palestine and Syria in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries’, in H.W. Hazard and K. Setton (eds) A History of the Crusades, vol. IV: The art and architecture of the crusader states. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 3–35. Available at: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusFour.

Holt, P.M. (1977a) The Eastern Mediterranean lands in the period of the Crusades. Warminster: Aris and Phillips.

Holt, P.M. (1977b) The Eastern Mediterranean lands in the period of the Crusades. Warminster: Aris and Phillips.

Holt, P.M. (1986) The age of the Crusades: the Near East from the eleventh century to 1517. London: Longman. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1602170.

Holt, P.M. (1995) Early Mamluk diplomacy (1260-1290): treaties of Baybars and Oalāwūn with Christian rulers. Leiden: Brill.

Holt, P.M. (2004) The crusader states and their neighbours, 1098-1291. Harlow, London: Pearson Education Limited. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=b28b724b-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Holt, P.M., Lewis, B. and Lambton, A.K.S. (1970) The Cambridge history of Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Holt, P.M., Lewis, B. and Lambton, A.K.S. (1977) The Cambridge history of Islam: Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Horden, P. and Kinoshita, S. (eds) (2014) A companion to Mediterranean history. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118519356.

Horden, P. and Purcell, N. (2000) ‘Connectivity’, in P. Horden and N. Purcell (eds) The corrupting sea: a study of Mediterranean history. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 123–172. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=60de9766-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

‘How to End Holy War: Negotiations and Peace Treaties between Muslims and Crusaders in the Latin East’ (no date) Common Knowledge, 21(1), pp. 83–103. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/566021.

Howard, D. (2013) ‘Venice as gateway to the Holy Land: pilgrims as agents of transmission’, in P. Davies, D. Howard, and W. Pullan (eds) Architecture and pilgrimage, 1000-1500: southern Europe and beyond. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=be50ab8e-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Howard, D.R. (1980) Writers and pilgrims: medieval pilgrimage narratives and their posterity. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Humphreys, S. (2004) ‘Zengids, Ayyubids and Seljuqs’, in J.S.C. Riley-Smith and D. Luscombe (eds) The new Cambridge medieval history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 721–752. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/new-cambridge-medieval-history/zengids-ayyubids-and-seljuqs/DF28E6705A3585BB9AAA1F9D3BF862DC.

Hunt, L.-A. (1991) ‘A woman’s prayer to St Sergios in Latin Syria: interpreting a thirteenth-century icon at Mount Sinai’, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 15(1), pp. 96–146. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/byz.1991.15.1.96.

Hunt, L.-A. (1995) ‘The Fine Incense of Virginity: a late twelfth century wall painting of the Annunciation at the Monastery of the Syrians, Egypt’, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 19(1), pp. 182–233. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/030701395790836658.

Hunt, L.-A. (2000a) ‘Crusader Sculpture and the So-Called “Templar Workshop”: A Reassessment of Two Carved Panels from the Dome of the Rock in the Haram Al-Sharif Museum in Jerusalem’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 132(2), pp. 131–156. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/peq.2000.132.2.131.

Hunt, L.-A. (2000b) ‘Crusader Sculpture and the So-Called “Templar Workshop”: A Reassessment of Two Carved Panels from the Dome of the Rock in the Haram Al-Sharif Museum in Jerusalem’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 132(2), pp. 131–156. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/peq.2000.132.2.131.

Ibn al-Athīr, ʻIzz al-Dīn and Richards, D.S. (2006) The chronicle of Ibn al-Athīr for the crusading period from al-Kāmil fīʼl-taʼrīkh. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Ibn al-Qalānisī, A.Y.H. ibn A. (1932) The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. Edited by H.A.R. Gibb. London: Luzac.

Ibn Jubayr, M. ibn A. (2007a) The travels of Ibn Jubayr: being the chronicle of a mediaeval Spanish Moor concerning his journey to the Egypt of Saladin, the holy cities of Arabia, Baghdad the city of the caliphs, the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, and the Norman kingdom of Sicily. Edited by R.J.C. Broadhurst. New Delhi: Goodwood Books, pp. 295–325.

Ibn Jubayr, M. ibn A. (2007b) The travels of Ibn Jubayr: being the chronicle of a mediaeval Spanish Moor concerning his journey to the Egypt of Saladin, the holy cities of Arabia, Baghdad the city of the caliphs, the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, and the Norman kingdom of Sicily. Edited by R.J.C. Broadhurst. New Delhi: Goodwood Books, pp. 295–325.

Ibn Shaddād, B. al-D.Y. ibn R. and Richards, D.S. (2016) The rare and excellent history of Saladin, or, al-Nawādir al-Sultaniyya wa’l-Mahasin al-Yusufiyya. Abingdon, Oxon: Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315237497.

Irwin, R. (1997) ‘The impact of the early crusades in the Muslim World’, in La Primera Cruzada, novecientos años después : el Concilio de Clermont y los orígenes del movimiento cruzado. Madrid: García-Guijarro Ramos. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c61c1ef4-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Irwin, R. (2012) ‘Palestine in late medieval Islamic spirituality and culture’, in C. Holmes and E. Russell (eds) Byzantines, Latins, and Turks in the eastern Mediterranean world after 1150. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=d860b0eb-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

J. Prawer (1951) ‘The Assise de Teneure and the Assise de Vente: A Study of Landed Property in the Latin Kingdom’, The Economic History Review, 4(1), pp. 77–87. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2591658.

J. Prawer (1952) ‘The Settlement of the Latins in Jerusalem’, Speculum, 27(4), pp. 490–503. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org./stable/10.2307/2850477?origin=api.

Jackson, D.E.P. (1996) ‘Some considerations relating to the history of the Muslims in the Crusader States’, in K.N. Ciggaar, A. Davids, and H.G.B. Teule (eds) East and West in the Crusader states: context, contacts, confrontations, vol. I. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters, pp. 21–29.

Jacoby, D. (1986) ‘A Venetian manual of commercial practice from crusader Acre’, in G. Airaldi and B.Z. Kedar (eds) I comuni Italiani nel regno crociato di Gerusalemme: atti del colloquio (Jerusalem, May 24 - May 28, 1984). Genova: Università di Genova.

Jacoby, D. (2001a) ‘Pilgrimage in crusader Acre: The Pardouns d’Acre’, in Y. Hen (ed.) De Sion exibit lex et verbum domini de Hierusalem: essays on medieval law, liturgy, and literature in honour of Amnon Linder. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 105–117.

Jacoby, D. (2001b) ‘The Fonde of Crusader Acre and Its Tariff. Some New Considerations’, in Dei gesta per Francos: etudes sur les croisades dédiées à Jean Richard, crusade studies in honour of Jean Richard. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 277–293. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=10a3f51a-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Jacoby, D. (2004) ‘Society, culture, and the Arts in crusader Acre’, in France and the Holy land: Frankish culture at the end of the crusades. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 97–137. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=63741c25-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Jacoby, D. (2005a) ‘Aspects of everyday life in Frankish Acre’, Crusades, 4, pp. 73–105. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=24a4d2d9-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Jacoby, D. (2005b) ‘The Trade of Crusader Acre in the Levantine Context: an Overview’, in Commercial exchange across the Mediterranean : Byzantium, the Crusader Levant, Egypt, and Italy. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 103–120. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=048e9070-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Jacoby, D. (2014) ‘The Genoese in the Aegean (1204-1566)’, in J. Stuckey (ed.) The Eastern Mediterranean frontier of Latin Christendom. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, pp. 117–134. Available at: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4861817.

Jacoby, D. (2019) Crusading and trading between West and East: studies in honour of David Jacoby. Edited by S. Menache, B.Z. Ḳedar, and M. Balard. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Jacoby, D., Arbel, B. and Hamilton, B. (1989) Latins and Greeks in the Eastern Mediterranean after 1204. London: Frank Cass.

Jamil, N. and Johns, J. (2003) ‘An original Arabic document from Crusader Antioch (1213 AD)’, in C.F. Robinson (ed.) Texts, Documents and Artefacts. Islamic Studies in Honor of D.S. Richards. Leiden: Brill, pp. 157–190.

Jeffreys, E. and Jeffreys, M. (2015) ‘A Constantinopolitan Poet views Frankish Antioch’, Crusades, 14, pp. 49–151.

Jerusalem Virtual Library: maps (no date). Available at: https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/maps-of-jerusalem.

John of Würzburg (1890) Description of the Holy Land. Edited by A. Stewart. London: Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society. Available at: https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534323.

John, S. (2018) Godfrey of Bouillon: Duke of Lower Lotharingia, ruler of Latin Jerusalem, c.1060-1100. London: Routledge.

Jotischky, A. (1994) ‘Manuel Comnenus and the Reunion of the Churches: the Evidence of the Conciliar Mosiacs in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem’, Levant, 26(1), pp. 207–223. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/lev.1994.26.1.207.

Jotischky, A. (1995) The perfection of solitude: hermits and monks in the Crusader States. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=f904a107-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Jotischky, A. (1997) ‘Gerard of Nazareth, Mary Magdalene and Latin Relations with the Greek Orthodox in the Crusader East in the Twelfth Century’, Levant, 29(1), pp. 217–226. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/lev.1997.29.1.217.

Jotischky, A. (2002) The Carmelites and antiquity: Mendicants and their pasts in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206347.001.0001.

Jotischky, A. (2004) Crusading and the crusader states. Harlow: Pearson/Longman. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1747338.

Jotischky, A. (2012) ‘St Sabas and the Palestinian Monastic Network under Crusader Rule’, in J. Gregory and H. McLeod (eds) International Religious Networks. Woodbridge: Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by the Boydell Press, pp. 9–19. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=0fa3f51a-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Jotischky, A. (2013) ‘Pilgrimage, Procession and Ritual Encounters between Christians and Muslims in the Crusader States’, in K.V. Jensen, K. Salonen, and H. Vogt (eds) Cultural encounters during the crusades. Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark, pp. 245–262.

Jotischky, A. (2015) ‘Politics and the Crown in the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099-1187’, History Compass, 13(11), pp. 589–598. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12257.

Jotischky, A. (2017) ‘Ethnic and Religious Categories in the Treatment of Jews and Muslims in the Crusader States’, in J. Renton and B. Gidley (eds) Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 25–49. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-41302-4_2.

Kamal S. Salibi (1957) ‘The Maronites of Lebanon under Frankish and Mamluk Rule (1099-1516)’, Arabica, pp. 288–303. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4055054.

Kedar, B. (2005) ‘Holy Men in a Holy Land: Christian, Muslim and Jewish Religiosity in the Near East at the Time of the Crusades’, Hayes Robinson Lecture Series, 9. Available at: https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/history/documents/pdf/events/hrkedar.pdf.

Kedar, B., K. (2014) ‘The subjected Muslims of the Frankish Levant’, in Muslims under Latin rule, 1100-1300. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 135–174. Available at: http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1700455.

Kedar, B.Z. (1985) ‘Ecclesiastical legislation in the Kingdom of Jerusalem: the statutes of Jaffa (1253) and Acre (1254)’, in Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail. Cardiff: University College Cardiff Press, pp. 225–230.

Kedar, B.Z. (1992) ‘The crusading kingdom of Jerusalem: the first European colonial society? A Symposium’, in B.Z. Kedar (ed.) The Horns of Hattin. Variourum, pp. 341–366. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=d760b0eb-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Kedar, B.Z. (1997a) ‘Multidirectional Conversion in the Frankish Levant’, in J. Muldoon (ed.) Varieties of religious conversion in the Middle Ages. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, pp. 190–199. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=133e9d36-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Kedar, B.Z. (1997b) ‘Some new sources on Palestinian Muslims before and during the crusades’, in Die Kreuzfahrerstaaten als multikulturelle Gesellschaft: Einwanderer und Minderheiten im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert. München: R. Oldenbourg, pp. 234–252.

Kedar, B.Z. (1998a) ‘A twelfth-century description of the Jerusalem Hospital’, in H. Nicholson (ed.) The military orders.Vol. 2, Welfare and warfare. Aldershot: Ashgate Variorum, pp. 3–26. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=3e8acd78-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Kedar, B.Z. (1998b) ‘Intellectual activities in a holy city: Jerusalem in the twelfth century’, in B.Z. Kedar and R.J.Z. Werblowsky (eds) Sacred Space: Shrine, City, Land. Proceedings of the International Conference in Memory of Joshua Prawer. Aldershot, pp. 127–139. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=3f8acd78-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Kedar, B.Z. (1999) ‘On the Origins of the Earliest Laws of Frankish Jerusalem: The Canons of the Council of Nablus, 1120’, Speculum, 74(2), pp. 310–335. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2887049.

Kedar, B.Z. (2001) ‘Convergences of Oriental Christian, Muslim and Frankish worshippers: the case of Saydnaya and the Knights Templar’, in Z. Hunyadi and J. Laszlovszky (eds) The Crusades and the military orders: expanding the frontiers of medieval Latin Christianity. Budapest: Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, pp. 89–100.

Kedar, B.Z. (2006) ‘Latins and oriental Christians in the Frankish Levant, 1099–1291’, in Franks, Muslims and oriental Christians in the Latin Levant: studies in frontier acculturation. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate Variorum, pp. 209–222. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=5fde9766-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Ḳedar, B.Z. (2017) Crusaders and Franks: studies in the history of the Crusades and the Frankish Levant. London: Routledge. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=ce8e33b3-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Kedar, B.Z. and Al-Hajjuj, M. (1994) ‘Muslim villagers of the Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem. Some demographic and onomastic data’, in Itineraires d’Orient : hommages a Claude Cahen. Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’étude de la civilisation du Moyen-Orient, pp. 141–156. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=717da82e-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Kedar, B.Z. and Aslanov, C. (2010a) ‘Problems in the study of trans-cultural borrowing in the Frankish Levant’, in Hybride Kulturen im mittelalterlichen Europa : Vorträge und Workshops einer internationalen Frühlingsschule = Hybrid cultures in medieval Europe : papers and workshops of an international spring school / herausgegeben von Michael Borgolte und Bernd Schneidmüller. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, pp. 277–285. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1345907.

Kedar, B.Z. and Aslanov, C. (2010b) ‘Problems in the study of trans-cultural borrowing in the Frankish Levant’, in M. Borgolte and B. Schneidmüller (eds) Hybride Kulturen im mittelalterlichen Europa: Vorträge und Workshops einer internationalen Frühlingsschule = Hybrid cultures in medieval Europe: papers and workshops of an international spring school. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, pp. 277–285. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1345907.

Kennedy, H. (1994a) Crusader castles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511523175.

Kennedy, H. (1994b) ‘De Constructione Castri Saphet (translation)’, in Crusader castles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 190–200. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=0cc8f254-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Kinnamos, I. (1976) Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus. New York: Columbia University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.05985.

Knobler, A. (2013) ‘The Power of Distance: The Transformation of European Perceptions of Self and Other, 1100-1600’, Medieval Encounters, 19(4), pp. 434–480. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342146.

Köhler, M. (2013) Alliances and treaties between Frankish and Muslim rulers in the Middle East: cross-cultural diplomacy in the period of the Crusades. Edited by K. Hirschler. Leiden: Brill. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1498694.

König, D. (2012) ‘Caught Between Cultures? Bicultural Personalities as Cross-Cultural Transmitters in the Late Antique and Medieval Mediterranean’, in R. Abdellatif et al. (eds) Acteurs des transferts culturels en Méditerranée médiévale. München: Oldenbourg, pp. 56–72. Available at: http://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/217372.

Kostick, C. (2011) The Crusades and the Near East. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780203841976.

Lapina, E. (2009) ‘Demetrius of Thessaloniki: Patron Saint of Crusaders’, Viator, 40(2), pp. 93–112. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.100423.

Le Strange, G. (1886) Description of Syria: including Palestine by Muhammad ibn Ahmad Muqaddasi. London: Palestine Pilgrim’s Text Society. Available at: https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534265.

Le Strange, G. (1890a) Palestine under the Moslems. A description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Available at: https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lest.

Le Strange, G. (1890b) Palestine under the Moslems: a description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. London: Palestine Exploration Fund by Alexander P. Watt. Available at: https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lest#page/n7/mode/2up.

Le Strange, G. (1890c) Palestine under the Moslems. A description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Available at: https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lest.

Le Strange, G. (1890d) Palestine under the Moslems: a description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. London: Palestine Exploration Fund by Alexander P. Watt. Available at: https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lest#page/n7/mode/2up.

Leder, S. (ed.) (2011a) Crossroads between Latin Europe and the Near East: corollaries of the Frankish presence in the Eastern Mediterranean (12th-14th centuries). Würzburg: Ergon-Verlag.

Leder, S. (2011b) ‘Sunni Resurgence, Jihad Discourse and the Impact of the Frankish Presence in the Near East’, in S. Leder (ed.) Crossroads between Latin Europe and the Near East: corollaries of the Frankish presence in the Eastern Mediterranean (12th-14th centuries). Würzburg: Ergon-Verlag, pp. 81–102.

Lewis, B. (1969) ‘The Isma’ilites and the Assassins’, in K.M. Setton and M.W. Baldwin (eds) A history of the Crusades, vol. I: The first hundred years. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 99–133. Available at: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusOne.

Lewis, K.J. (2015) ‘Medieval Diglossia: The Diversity of the Latin Christian Encounter with Written and Spoken Arabic in the "Crusader” County of Tripoli , with a Hitherto Unpublished Arabic Note from the Principality of Antioch (MS, AOM 3, Valletta: National Library of Malta, no. 51v)’, Al-Masaq, 27(2), pp. 119–152. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2015.1049419.

Lewis, K.J. (2017) The counts of Tripoli and Lebanon in the twelfth century: sons of Saint-Gilles. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Limor, O. (2006) ‘“Holy journey”: pilgrimage and christian sacred landscape’, in Christians and Christianity in the Holy Land: from the origins to the Latin Kingdoms. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 321–354.

Limor, O. (2007) ‘Sharing Sacred Space: Holy Places in Jerusalem Between Christianity, Judaism and Islam’, in In laudem hierosolymitani: studies in crusades and medieval culture in honour of Benjamin Z. Kedar, Kedar: Ronnie Ellenblum and Jonathan Riley-Smith. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 219–231. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=2e78c0e3-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Lindsay, J.E. (2008) Daily life in the medieval Islamic world. Indianapolis, Ind: Hackett Pub. Co.

Lopez, R.S. and Raymond, I.W. (1967) Medieval trade in the Mediterranean world: illustrative documents. New York: W.W. Norton. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06015.

Loud, G.A. (2010) The crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: the history of the expedition of the Emperor Frederick and related texts. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate.

Lucy-Anne Hunt (1991) ‘Art and Colonialism: The Mosaics of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem (1169) and the Problem of “Crusader” Art’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 45, pp. 69–85. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1291693?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents.

MacEvitt, C. (2004) ‘Christian Authority in the Latin East: Edessa in Crusader History’, in S.J. Ridyard (ed.) The medieval crusade. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, pp. 71–83.

MacEvitt, C.H. (2008) The crusades and the Christian world of the East: rough tolerance. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3441447.

Mack, M. (2007) ‘The Italian quarters of Frankish Tyre: mapping a medieval city’, Journal of Medieval History, 33(2), pp. 147–165. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmedhist.2007.04.006.

Macpherson, J.R. (1896) Fetellus (circa 1130 A.D.). London: Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society. Available at: https://archive.org/details/libraryofpalesti05paleuoft.

Madden, T.F. (2002) The Crusades: the essential readings. Oxford: Blackwell.

Maḥāmīd, Ḥātim Muḥammad (2013) Waqf, education and politics in late medieval Syria: Islamic education in medieval Syria. Saarbrücken: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.

Major, B. (2016) Medieval rural settlements in the Syrian coastal region (12th and 13th centuries). Oxford: Access Archaeology.

Mallett, A. (2010) ‘The "Other” in the Crusading Period: Walter the Chancellor’s Presentation of Najm al-Dīn Il-Ghāzī’, Al-Masaq, 22(2), pp. 113–128. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2010.488887.

Mallett, A. (2014) Medieval Muslim historians and the Franks in the Levant. Boston: Brill.

Mallett, A. (2016) Popular Muslim reactions to the Franks in the Levant, 1097-1291. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315601458.

Marino Sanudo (2011) ‘Book 1: The Disposition and Preparation for the Recovery of the Holy Land’, in P. Lock (ed.) The book of the secrets of the faithful of the cross. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, pp. 49–67. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=655469.

Marshall W. Baldwin (1936) ‘Ecclesiastical Developments in the Twelfth Century Crusaders’ State of Tripolis’, The Catholic Historical Review, 22(2), pp. 149–171. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25013477.

Martin, M.E. (ed.) (1993) ‘The Venetians in the Black Sea: A General Survey’, in Rivista di Bizantinistica.

Matthew of Edessa (1993) Armenia and the Crusades: tenth to twelfth centuries : the Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa. Edited by A.E. Dostourian. Lanham, Md: University Press of America.

Matthews, C.D. (ed.) (1949a) Palestine-Mohammedan Holy Land. New Haven: Yale University Press. Available at: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.88352.

Matthews, C.D. (ed.) (1949b) Palestine-Mohammedan Holy Land. New Haven: Yale University Press. Available at: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.88352.

Mayer, H.E. (1978) ‘Latins, Muslims and Greeks in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem’, History, 63(208), pp. 175–192. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229X.1978.tb02360.x.

Mayer, H.E. (2004) ‘The Latin east, 1098-1205’, in J.S.C. Riley-Smith and D. Luscombe (eds) The New Cambridge Medieval History, v. 4:2: c.1024-c.1198. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 644–674. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111.

McKitterick, R. (1995) The new Cambridge medieval history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Menache, S. (2009) ‘When Jesus met Mohammed in the Holy Land: Attitudes toward the "Other” in the Crusader Kingdom’, Medieval Encounters, 15(1), pp. 66–85. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/138078508X286833.

Menache, S. (2014) ‘Papal attempts at a commercial boycott of the Muslims in the crusader period’, in J. Stuckey (ed.) The Eastern Mediterranean Frontier of Latin Christendom. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Group.

Menache, S. (2018) Communicating the Middle Ages: essays in honour of Sophia Menache. 1st edition. Edited by I. Shagrir, B.Z. Ḳedar, and M. Balard. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Meri, J.W. (2002) The cult of saints among Muslims and Jews in medieval Syria. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250783.001.0001.

Meri, J.W. (ed.) (2005) Medieval Islamic civilisation: an encyclopedia. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780203957608.

Metcalf, D.M. (1999) ‘Islamic, Byzantine, and Latin Influences in the Iconography of Crusader Coins and Seals’, in East and West in the Crusader States: context, contacts, confrontations. Vol. 2. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters.

Michaudel, B. (2014) ‘Fall and Rise of the Hospitaller and Templar Castles in Syria at the End of the Thirteenth Century’, in M. Piana and C. Carlsson (eds) Archaeology and architecture of the military orders: new studies. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited, pp. 69–82.

Mitchell, P.D. (2004) Medicine in the Crusades: warfare, wounds and the medieval surgeon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mitchell, P.D. and Tepper, Y. (2007) ‘Intestinal parasitic worm eggs from a crusader period cesspool in the city of Acre (Israel)’, Levant, 39(1), pp. 91–95. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/lev.2007.39.1.91.

Molin, K. (1997) ‘The non-military functions of crusader fortifications, 1187-circa 1380’, Journal of Medieval History, 23(4), pp. 367–388. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4181(97)00009-2.

Morgan, M.R. (1973) The ‘Chronicle of Ernoul’ and the continuations of William of Tyre. London: Oxford University Press.

Morris, C. (2005) The sepulchre of Christ and the medieval West: from the beginning to 1600. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=422673.

Morton, N. (2014) The medieval military orders: 1120-1314. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315833309.

Mourad, S.A. and Lindsay, J.E. (2015) ‘A Muslim response to the Second Crusade: Ibn Asakir of Damascus as Propagandist of Jihad’, in J. Roche and J.M. Jensen (eds) The Second Crusade: Holy War on the periphery of Latin Christendom. Turnhout: Brepols.

Mouton, J.-M. (2000) Le sinai medieval un espace strategique de l’islam. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.

Mouton, J.-M. (2001) Le Sinai de la Conquete arabe a nos jours. Le Caire: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.

Murray, A.V. (1989a) ‘The origins of the Frankish nobility of the kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100–1118’, Mediterranean Historical Review, 4(2), pp. 281–300. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09518968908569574.

Murray, A.V. (1989b) ‘The origins of the frankish nobility of the kingdom of jerusalem, 1100–1118’, Mediterranean Historical Review, 4(2), pp. 281–300. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09518968908569574.

Murray, A.V. (1995) ‘Ethnic identity in the crusader states: the Frankish race and the settlement of Outremer’, in S. Forde, L. Johnson, and A.V. Murray (eds) Concepts of National Identity in the Middle Ages. Leeds, pp. 59–73. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=38deff97-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Murray, A.V. (1997) ‘How Norman was the Principality of Antioch? Prolegomena to a study of the origins of the nobility of a crusader state’, in K.S.B. Keats-Rohan (ed.) Family trees and the roots of politics: the prosopography of Britain and France from the tenth to the twelfth century. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, pp. 349–359. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=727da82e-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Murray, A.V. (2006) The Crusades: an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO.

Nader, M. (2007) ‘Urban Muslims, Latin Laws, and Legal Institutions in the Kingdom of Jerusalem’, Medieval Encounters, 13(2), pp. 243–270. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/157006707X194986.

Naum, M. (2010) ‘Re-emerging Frontiers: Postcolonial Theory and Historical Archaeology of the Borderlands’, Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 17(2), pp. 101–131. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40784756.

Nicholson, H.J. (2005) Palgrave advances in the Crusades. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780230524095.

Pahlitzsch, J. (2015a) ‘The Melkites in Fatimid Egypt and Syria (1021–1171)’, Medieval Encounters, 21(4–5), pp. 485–515. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342207.

Pahlitzsch, J. (2015b) ‘The Melkites in Fatimid Egypt and Syria (1021–1171)’, Medieval Encounters, 21(4–5), pp. 485–515. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342207.

Pahlitzsch, J. and Baraz, D. (2006) ‘Christian communities in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099-1187 CE)’, in Christians and Christianity in the Holy Land: from the origins to the Latin Kingdoms. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 205–235.

Pahlitzsch, J. and Korn, L. (2004) Governing the Holy City: the interaction of social groups in Jerusalem between the Fatimid and the Ottoman period. Wiesbaden: Reichert.

Peacock, A.C.S. (2015) The Great Seljuk Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Perry, G.J.M. (2013) John of Brienne: King of Jerusalem, Emperor of Constantinople, c.1175-1237. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1543642.

Perry, G.J.M. (2018) The Briennes: The Rise and Fall of a Champenois Dynasty in the Age of the Crusades, c. 950-1356. First edition. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Petry, C.F. (1998) The Cambridge history of Egypt: Vol. 1: Islamic Egypt, 640-1517. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Powell, J.M. (ed.) (2014) Muslims under Latin rule, 1100-1300. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Available at: http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1700455.

Prawer, J. (1951) ‘Colonization Activities in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem’, Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire, 29(4), pp. 1063–1118. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3406/rbph.1951.2115.

Prawer, J. (1972a) The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem: European colonialism in the Middle Ages. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Prawer, J. (1972b) The world of the crusaders. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Prawer, J. (1980a) Crusader institutions. Oxford: Clarendon.

Prawer, J. (1980b) ‘The Italians in the Latin Kingdom’, in Crusader institutions. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 217–249. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c2c937a9-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Prawer, J. et al. (1982) Outremer: studies in the history of the crusading kingdom of Jerusalem presented to Joshua Prawer. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi Institute.

Prawer, J. (1985a) ‘Social Classes in the Crusader States: the “Minorities”’, in N.P. Zacour and H.W. Hazard (eds) The impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 59–116. Available at: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusFive.

Prawer, J. (1985b) ‘The Jerusalem the crusaders captured: a contribution to the medieval topography of the city’, in Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail. Cardiff: University College Cardiff Press, pp. 1–16.

Prawer, J. (1988) The history of the Jews in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Oxford, Clarendon, 1988: Clarendon. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=ecd73b5d-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Pringle, D. (1985) ‘Medievel Pottery from Caesarea: The Crusader Period’, Levant, 17(1), pp. 171–202. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/lev.1985.17.1.171.

Pringle, D. (1993) The churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: a corpus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Pringle, D. (1999) ‘Architecture in the Latin East 1098-1571’, in The Oxford History of the Crusades, pp. 155–175. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/Open.aspx?id=44460&src=0.

Pringle, D. (2000a) Fortification and settlement in crusader Palestine. Aldershot: Variorum.

Pringle, D. (2000b) ‘Magna Mahumeria (al-Bira): the archaeology of a Frankish new town in Palestine’, in Fortification and settlement in crusader Palestine. Aldershot: Variorum, p. X:147-168.

Pringle, D. (2007) ‘The Templars in Acre c. 1150–1291’, Bulletin of the Council for British Research in the Levant, 2(1), pp. 29–34. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/cbrl.2007.2.1.29.

Pringle, D. (2012) ‘Wilbrand of Oldenburg’s journey to Syria, Lesser Armenia, Cyprus, and the Holy Land (1211-1212): a new edition’, Crusades, 11. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=25a4d2d9-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Pringle, D. (2013) ‘Castles and frontiers in the Latin East’, in K.J. Stringer and A. Jotischky (eds) Norman expansion: connections, continuities and contrasts. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited, pp. 227–239. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1336209.

Pringle, D. (2016) Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187-1291. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315600499.

Qalqashandī, A. ibn ʻAlī (2017) Selections from Ṣubḥ al-A’shā by al-Qalqashandi, Clerk of the Mamluk Court Egypt: ‘seats of government’ and ‘regulations of the Kingdom’, from early Islam to the Mamluks. Edited by T.G. Abedlhamid and H. El-Toudy. London: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.

Ralph W. Brauer (1995) ‘Boundaries and Frontiers in Medieval Muslim Geography’, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 85(6), pp. 1–73. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1006658.

Raphael, K. (2013) Climate and political climate: environmental disasters in the Medieval Levant. LEIDEN: Brill.

Reiner, E. (1999a) ‘Jewish Response to the Crusades. The Dispute over Sacred Places in the Holy Land’, Juden und Christen zur Zeit der Kreuzzüge [Preprint]. Edited by A. Haverkamp. Available at: https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/vuf/article/view/17579/11387.

Reiner, E. (1999b) ‘Jewish Response to the Crusades. The Dispute over Sacred Places in the Holy Land’, Juden und Christen zur Zeit der Kreuzzüge [Preprint]. Edited by A. Haverkamp. Available at: https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/vuf/article/view/17579/11387.

Reiner, E. (1999c) ‘Jewish Response to the Crusades. The Dispute over Sacred Places in the Holy Land’, Juden und Christen zur Zeit der Kreuzzüge [Preprint]. Edited by A. Haverkamp. Available at: https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/vuf/article/view/17579/11387.

RELIM - Religious Minorities in the Euro-Mediterranean Region (no date). Available at: http://www.cn-telma.fr/relmin/recherche/.

Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database (no date). Available at: http://www.crusades-regesta.com/.

Richard, J. (1979) The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

Richard, J. (2003) ‘The adventure of John Gale, Knight of Tyre’, in The experience of crusading: Vol. 2: Defining the Crusader kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=edd73b5d-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Richards, D.S. (1978) ‘A text of ʿImād al-dīn on 12th century Frankish-Muslim relations’, Arabica, 25(2). Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/4056535?uid=3739560&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21104450085153.

Riley-Smith, J. (1973a) Feudal nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277. London: Palgrave Macmillan Limited. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781349154982.

Riley-Smith, J. (1973b) ‘Government in Latin Syria and the Commercial Privileges of Foreign Merchants’, in D. Baker (ed.) Relations between East and West in the Middle Ages. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 109–132. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02965.

Riley-Smith, J. (1988) ‘The Latin Clergy and the Settlement in Palestine and Syria, 1098-1100’, The Catholic Historical Review, 74(4), pp. 539–557. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25022893.

Riley-Smith, J. (2010) Templars and Hospitallers as professed religious in the Holy Land. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3440966.

Riley-Smith, J. (2014) ‘The holy places and the patriarchates of Jerusalem’, in The crusades: a history. Third edition. London: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 71–100.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1972) ‘Some Lesser Officials in Latin Syria’, The English Historical Review, 87(342), pp. 1–26. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/563785.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1977) ‘The survival in Latin Palestine of Muslim administration’, in The Eastern Mediterranean lands in the period of the Crusades. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, pp. 9–22. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=d092fda0-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (ed.) (1999) The Oxford history of the Crusades. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780191540233.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (2002) ‘Government and the indigenous in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem’, in D. Abulafia and N. Berend (eds) Medieval frontiers: concepts and practices. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 121–131. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=b38b724b-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (2012) The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, c.1070-1309. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (2014) The crusades: a history. Third edition. London: Bloomsbury Academic. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781472508799.

Robert, B. (ed.) (2005) Chronicle Attributed to King Het’um II. Long Branch, NJ: Sources of the Armenian Tradition. Available at: http://www.attalus.org/armenian/chetint.htm.

Robert B. Patterson (1964) ‘The Early Existence of the Funda and Catena in the Twelfth-Century Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem’, Speculum, 39(3), pp. 474–477. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2852501.

Rubenstein, J. (2008) ‘Cannibals and Crusaders’, French Historical Studies, 31(4), pp. 525–552. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-2008-005.

Rubin, J. (2018) Learning in a Crusader city: intellectual activity and intercultural exchanges in Acre, 1191--1291. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316941096.

Sanudo, M. and Lock, P. (2011) The book of the secrets of the faithful of the cross. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=655469.

Savage, H.L. (1977) ‘Pilgrimages and Pilgrim Shrines in Palestine and Syria after 1095’, in H.W. Hazard and K.M. Setton (eds) The art and architecture of the crusader states. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Available at: http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusFour.

Savage-Smith, E. (2006) ‘New evidence for the Frankish study of Arabic medical texts in the crusader period’, Crusades, 5, pp. 99–112.

Schabel, C. (2015) Bullarium Hellenicum: Pope Honorius III’s Letters to Frankish Greece and Constantinople. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers.

Schenk, J. (2010) ‘Nomadic violence in the First Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and the military orders’, Reading Medieval Studies, 36, pp. 39–55. Available at: https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/84229/1/RMS-2010-04_J._G._Schenk%2C_Nomadic_Violence_in_the_First_Latin_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem_and_the_Military_Orders.pdf.

Schenk, J. and Carr, M. (eds) (2017) The military orders. London: Routledge.

Seligman, J. and Abu Raya, R. (2001) ‘A Shrine of Three Religions on the Mount of Olives: Tomb of Hulda the Prophetess; Grotto of Saint Pelagia; Tomb of Rabi’a Al-’Adawiyya’, ’Atiqot, 42, pp. 221–236.

Shatzmiller, M. (1993) Crusaders and Muslims in twelfth-century Syria. Leiden: Brill.

Sidelko, P. (2001) ‘Muslim taxation under Crusader rule’, in M. Gervers and J.M. Powell (eds) Tolerance and intolerance: social conflict in the age of the Crusades. 1st ed. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, pp. 65–74. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=42c043fd-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Sinibaldi, M. et al. (eds) (2016) Crusader landscapes in the Medieval Levant: the archaeology and history of the Latin East. Cardiff: Univertiy of Wales Press.

Slater, L. (2016) ‘Recreating the Judean Hills? English hermits and the Holy Land’, Journal of Medieval History, 42(5), pp. 603–626. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2016.1219271.

Smail, R. C. (1973) The Crusaders in Syria and the Holy Land. London: Thames and Hudson.

Smail, Raymond C. (1973) ‘Was there a Franco-Syrian Nation?’, in The Crusaders in Syria and the Holy Land. London: Thames and Hudson, pp. 182–187. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c3c937a9-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Smail, R.C. (1995) Crusading warfare, 1097-1193. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=d192fda0-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Smail, R.C., Edbury, P.W., and Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East (1985) Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail. Cardiff: University College Cardiff Press.

Stern, Samuel Miklos (ed.) (1964) Fāṭimid decrees: original documents from the Fāṭimid chancery. London: Faber.

Stern, S.M. (1964) ‘Petitions from the Ayyūbid Period’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 27(1). Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/612178.

Stern, S.M. (1965) ‘Two Ayyubid decrees from Sinai’, in S. Stern and R. Walzer (eds) Oriental Studies, vol. 3: Documents from Islamic Chanceries. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer, pp. 9–38. Available at: http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Stern-1965-Documents/Stern-1965-Documents-009-038-Stern.pdf.

Stewart, A. (1894) Anonymous pilgrims, I.-VIII. (11th and 12th centuries). London: Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society. Available at: https://archive.org/details/libraryofpalesti06paleuoft.

Stewart, A. (1896a) Burchard of Mount Sion: A.D. 1280. London: Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society. Available at: https://archive.org/details/libraryofpalesti12pale.

Stewart, A. (ed.) (1896b) The History of Jerusalem A.D. 1180 by Jacques de Vitry. London: Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society. Available at: https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534422.

Stewart, A. (ed.) (1971a) The pilgrimage of Joannes Phocas in the Holy Land (in the year 1185 A.D.). New York: Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society, 5. Available at: https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534331.

Stewart, A. (ed.) (1971b) The pilgrimage of Joannes Phocas in the Holy Land (in the year 1185 A.D.). New York: Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society, 5. Available at: https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534331.

Stopka, K. and Bałuk-Ulewiczowa, T. (2017) Armenia Christiana: Armenian religious identity and the Churches of Constantinople and Rome (4th-15th century). First edition. Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press.

Stuckey, J. (ed.) (2014a) ‘The Armenian Church and the Papacy at the Time of the Crusades’, in The Eastern Mediterranean frontier of Latin Christendom. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, pp. 190–163.

Stuckey, J. (ed.) (2014b) The Eastern Mediterranean frontier of Latin Christendom. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4861817.

Talmon-Heller, D. (2003) ‘The Cited Tales of the Wondrous Doings of the Shaykhs of the Holy Land by Diya’ al-Din Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad b. Abd al-Wahid al-Maqdisi (569/1173-643/1245): text, translation, and commentary’, in J.S.C. Riley-Smith and B.Z. Kẹdar (eds) Crusades. Aldershot, Hampshire: Published by Ashgate for the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East, pp. 111–154.

Talmon-Heller, D. (2007) Islamic piety in medieval Syria: mosques, cemeteries and sermons under the Zangids and Ayyūbids (1146-1260). Leiden: Brill. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=468445.

Talmon-Heller, D. and Kedar, B.Z. (2005) ‘Did muslim survivors of the 1099 massacre of Jerusalem settle in Damascus? the true origins of the al-.(S)āli.(h)iyya suburb’, Al-Masaq, 17(2), pp. 165–169. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09503110500222237.

The Archaeological Survey of Israel (no date). Available at: http://www.antiquities.org.il/survey/new/default_en.aspx.

The Book of James of Ibelin (no date). Available at: http://www.crusaderstates.org/the-book-of-james-of-ibelin.html.

The Crusader States - The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099-1291 (no date). Available at: http://www.crusaderstates.org/.

The Crusades (1095 - ca.1291). The Metropolitan Museum of Art (no date). Available at: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crus/hd_crus.htm.

The Oxford Outremer Map Project (no date). Available at: https://medievaldigital.ace.fordham.edu/mapping-projects/oxford-outremer-map-project/.

Theoderich (1885) Description of the Holy Places (ca. 1172 A.D.). Edited by A. Stewart. London: Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society. Available at: https://archive.org/details/cu31924072557360.

Thomas, D. et al. (2009) Christian-Muslim relations: a bibliographical history. Leiden: Brill.

Tolan, J. (2010a) ‘The legal status of religious minorities in the medieval Mediterranean world: a comparative study’, in Hybride Kulturen im mittelalterlichen Europa: Vorträge und Workshops einer internationalen Frühlingsschule = Hybrid cultures in medieval Europe: papers and workshops of an international spring school. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, pp. 141–149. Available at: http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/63/92/62/PDF/legal_status.pdf.

Tolan, J. (2010b) ‘The legal status of religious minorities in the medieval Mediterranean world: a comparative study’, in M. Borgolte and B. Schneidmüller (eds) Hybride Kulturen im mittelalterlichen Europa: Vorträge und Workshops einer internationalen Frühlingsschule = Hybrid cultures in medieval Europe : papers and workshops of an international spring school. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, pp. 141–149. Available at: http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1345907.

Tolan, J. (2015) ‘Exile and identity’, in Expulsion and Diaspora Formation: Religious and Ethnic Identities in Flux from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century. Brepols Publishers.

Tolan, J.V. et al. (2013) Europe and the Islamic world: a history. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Tritton, A.S. and Gibb, H.A.R. (1933a) ‘The First and Second Crusades from an Anonymous Syriac Chronicle’, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, (1), pp. 69–101. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25194689.

Tritton, A.S. and Gibb, H.A.R. (1933b) ‘The First and Second Crusades from an Anonymous Syriac Chronicle (Concluded from p. 101)’, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, (2), pp. 273–305. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25194766.

Tyerman, C. (2006) God’s war: a new history of the Crusades. London: Allen Lane. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=058e9070-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Usāmah ibn Munqidh (2000) An Arab-Syrian gentleman and warrior in the period of the Crusades: memoirs of Usāmah ibn-Munqidh (Kitāb al-Iʻtibār). Edited by P.K. Hitti. New York: Columbia University Press. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06052.

Usamah ibn Munqidh (2008) The book of contemplation: Islam and the Crusades. Edited by P.M. Cobb. London: Penguin Books.

Vadum Jacob Research Project (no date). Available at: http://vadumiacob.huji.ac.il/.

Van Tricht, F. (2011) ‘The Latin Orient’, in The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: the Empire of Constantinople (1204-1228). Leiden: Brill, pp. 433–472. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=737788.

Walter the Chancellor (1999) The Antiochene wars: a translation and commentary. Edited by T.S. Asbridge and S. Edgington. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Weber, E. (2000) ‘Construction of identity in twelfth‐century Andalusia: the case of travel writing’, The Journal of North African Studies, 5(2), pp. 1–8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13629380008718394.

Weber, E. (2004a) ‘Sharing the sites: medieval Jewish travellers to the Land of Israel’, in R. Allen (ed.) Eastward bound: travel and travellers, 1050-1550. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 35–52.

Weber, E. (2004b) ‘Sharing the sites: ‘Medieval Jewish Travellers to the Land of Israel’, in R. Allen (ed.) Eastward bound: travel and travellers, 1050-1550. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=17a0ed83-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Weitzmann, K. (1966) ‘Icon Painting in the Crusader Kingdom’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 20, pp. 49–83. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1291242.

Whitby, M. (2007) Byzantines and crusaders in non-Greek sources, 1025-1204. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press for the British Academy.

Wilkinson, J., Hill, J. and Ryan, W.F. (eds) (1988) Jerusalem pilgrimage, 1099-1185. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Pub. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=2004753.

William of Tyre (1943) A history of deeds done beyond the sea. Edited by E.A. Babcock and A.C. Krey. New York: Columbia University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06057.

Wilson, C.W. (ed.) (1888) The pilgrimage of the Russian abbot Daniel in the Holy Land, 1106-1107 A.D. London: Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society. Available at: https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534281.

Wright, T. and Arculfus (1848) Early travels in Palestine: comprising the narratives of Arculf, Willibald, Bernard, Sæwulf, Sigurd, Benjamin of Tudela, Sir John Maundeville, De la Brocquière, and Maundrell. London: H.G. Bohn.

Zacour, N.P. and Hazard, H.W. (1985) The impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Available at: https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusFive.

Zumthor, P. and Peebles, C. (1994) ‘The Medieval Travel Narrative’, New Literary History, 25(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/469375.

(No date).