1.
Yang, N., MacArthur, D.G., Gulbin, J.P., Hahn, A.G., Beggs, A.H., Easteal, S., North, K.: ACTN3 Genotype Is Associated with Human Elite Athletic Performance. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 73, 627–631 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1086/377590.
2.
Bouchard, C., An, P., Rice, P., Skinner, T., Wilmore, J.S., Gagnon, J., Perrusse, J., Leon, A.S., Rao, D.C.: Familial aggregation ofV˙o 2 max response to exercise training: results from the HERITAGE Family Study. 87, 1003–1008.
3.
Tucker, R., Collins, M.: What makes champions? A review of the relative contribution of genes and training to sporting success. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 46, 555–561 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090548.
4.
Webborn, N., Williams, A., McNamee, M., Bouchard, C., Pitsiladis, Y., Ahmetov, I., Ashley, E., Byrne, N., Camporesi, S., Collins, M., Dijkstra, P., Eynon, N., Fuku, N., Garton, F.C., Hoppe, N., Holm, S., Kaye, J., Klissouras, V., Lucia, A., Maase, K., Moran, C., North, K.N., Pigozzi, F., Wang, G.: Direct-to-consumer genetic testing for predicting sports performance and talent identification: Consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 49, 1486–1491 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095343.
5.
van der Gronde, T., de Hon, O., Haisma, H.J., Pieters, T.: Gene doping: an overview and current implications for athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 47, 670–678 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091288.
6.
Rankinen, T., Zuberi, A., Chagnon, Y.C., Weisnagel, S.J., Argyropoulos, G., Walts, B., Pérusse, L., Bouchard, C.: The Human Obesity Gene Map: The 2005 Update. Obesity. 14, 529–644 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2006.71.
7.
PÉRUSSE, L., RANKINEN, T., HAGBERG, J.M., LOOS, R.J.F., ROTH, S.M., SARZYNSKI, M.A., WOLFARTH, B., BOUCHARD, C.: Advances in Exercise, Fitness, and Performance Genomics in 2012. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 45, 824–831 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828b28a3.
8.
Bouchard, C., Hoffman, E.P.: Genetic and molecular aspects of sport performance. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444327335.
9.
Timmons, J.A., Knudsen, S., Rankinen, T., Koch, L.G., Sarzynski, M., Jensen, T., Keller, P., Scheele, C., Vollaard, N.B.J., Nielsen, S., Akerstrom, T., MacDougald, O.A., Jansson, E., Greenhaff, P.L., Tarnopolsky, M.A., van Loon, L.J.C., Pedersen, B.K., Sundberg, C.J., Wahlestedt, C., Britton, S.L., Bouchard, C.: Using molecular classification to predict gains in maximal aerobic capacity following endurance exercise training in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. 108, 1487–1496 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01295.2009.
10.
Baggish, A.L., Hale, A., Weiner, R.B., Lewis, G.D., Systrom, D., Wang, F., Wang, T.J., Chan, S.Y.: Dynamic regulation of circulating microRNA during acute exhaustive exercise and sustained aerobic exercise training. The Journal of Physiology. 589, 3983–3994 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.213363.
11.
Thompson, H.: Performance enhancement: Superhuman athletes. Nature. 487, 287–289 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/487287a.
12.
Battery, L., Solomon, A., Gould, D.: Gene doping: Olympic genes for Olympic dreams. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 104, 494–500 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.2011.110240.
13.
Barnett, A.: Using Recovery Modalities between Training Sessions in Elite Athletes. Sports Medicine. 36, 781–796 (2006). https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636090-00005.
14.
Samuels, C.: Sleep, Recovery, and Performance: The New Frontier in High-Performance Athletics. Neurologic Clinics. 26, 169–180 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2007.11.012.
15.
Mujika, I., Padilla, S., Pyne, D., Busso, T.: Physiological Changes Associated with the Pre-Event Taper in Athletes. Sports Medicine. 34, 891–927 (2004). https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434130-00003.
16.
MUJIKA, I., PADILLA, S.: Scientific Bases for Precompetition Tapering Strategies. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 35, 1182–1187 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000074448.73931.11.
17.
Bartlett, J.D., O’Connor, F., Pitchford, N., Torres-Ronda, L., Robertson, S.J.: Relationships Between Internal and External Training Load in Team-Sport Athletes: Evidence for an Individualized Approach. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 12, 230–234 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0791.
18.
Malone, S., Owen, A., Newton, M., Mendes, B., Collins, K.D., Gabbett, T.J.: The acute:chonic workload ratio in relation to injury risk in professional soccer. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.10.014.
19.
Hoff, J.: Training and testing physical capacities for elite soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences. 23, 573–582 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400021252.
20.
Windt, J., Gabbett, T.J., Ferris, D., Khan, K.M.: Training load--injury paradox: is greater preseason participation associated with lower in-season injury risk in elite rugby league players? British Journal of Sports Medicine. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-095973.
21.
Maughan, R.J. ed: Nutrition in Sport. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK (2000).
22.
Casajus, J.A.: Seasonal variation in fitness variables in professional soccer player. THE JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS. 41, 463–469 (2001).
23.
Cooke, M.B., Rybalka, E., Williams, A.D., Cribb, P.J., Hayes, A.: Creatine supplementation enhances muscle force recovery after eccentrically-induced muscle damage in healthy individuals. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 6, (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-6-13.
24.
Edge, J., Bishop, D., Goodman, C.: The effects of training intensity on muscle buffer capacity in females. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 96, 97–105 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-005-0068-6.
25.
Erlacher, D., Ehrlenspiel, F., Adegbesan, O.A., Galal El-Din, H.: Sleep habits in German athletes before important competitions or games. Journal of Sports Sciences. 29, 859–866 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.565782.
26.
FOSTER, C., FLORHAUG, J.A., FRANKLIN, J., GOTTSCHALL, L., HROVATIN, L.A., PARKER, S., DOLESHAL, P., DODGE, C.: A New Approach to Monitoring Exercise Training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 15, 109–115 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200102000-00019.
27.
Gabbett, T.J., Ullah, S.: Relationship Between Running Loads and Soft-Tissue Injury in Elite Team Sport Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 26, 953–960 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182302023.
28.
Gabbett, T.J., Jenkins, D.G.: Relationship between training load and injury in professional rugby league players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 14, 204–209 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2010.12.002.
29.
Hoff, J., Helgerud, J.: Endurance and Strength Training for Soccer Players. Sports Medicine. 34, 165–180 (2004). https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434030-00003.
30.
Juliff, L.E., Halson, S.L., Peiffer, J.J.: Understanding sleep disturbance in athletes prior to important competitions. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 18, 13–18 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.02.007.
31.
Leeder, J., Glaister, M., Pizzoferro, K., Dawson, J., Pedlar, C.: Sleep duration and quality in elite athletes measured using wristwatch actigraphy. Journal of Sports Sciences. 30, 541–545 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.660188.
32.
Maeda, T., Yasukouchi, A.: Blood Lactate Disappearance during Breathing Hyperoxic Gas after Exercise in Two Different Physical Fitness Groups. On The Work Load Fixed at 70%VO2max. APPLIED HUMAN SCIENCE Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 16, 249–255 (1997). https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.16.249.
33.
The Effects of Sleep Extension on the Athletic Performance of Collegiate Basketball Players. Sleep. (2011). https://doi.org/10.5665/SLEEP.1132.
34.
McMillan, K.: Lactate threshold responses to a season of professional British youth soccer. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 39, 432–436 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.012260.
35.
Milewski, M.D., Skaggs, D.L., Bishop, G.A., Pace, J.L., Ibrahim, D.A., Wren, T.A.L., Barzdukas, A.: Chronic Lack of Sleep is Associated With Increased Sports Injuries in Adolescent Athletes. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 34, 129–133 (2014).
36.
Murray, K., Sommerville, A., McKenna, M., Edgar, G., Murray, A.: Normobaric hyperoxia training in elite female hockey players. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 56, 1488–1493.
37.
Natal Rebelo, A., Soares, J.M.: The impact of soccer training on the immune system. 35, 258–271 (1995).
38.
Peeling, P., Andersson, R.: Effect of hyperoxia during the rest periods of interval training on perceptual recovery and oxygen re-saturation time. Journal of Sports Sciences. 29, 147–150 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.526133.
39.
Robey, E., Dawson, B., Halson, S., Gregson, W., Goodman, C., Eastwood, P.: Sleep quantity and quality in youth soccer players: A pilot study. European Journal of Sport Science. 14, 410–417 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2013.843024.
40.
Rogalski, B., Dawson, B., Heasman, J., Gabbett, T.J.: Training and game loads and injury risk in elite Australian footballers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 16, 499–503 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.12.004.
41.
Gibson, N., Sommerville, A.D.: Gender differences in sleep quality and quantity in national level swimmers, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02640414.2014.968382?mobileUi=0.
42.
Sperlich, B., Zinner, C., Krueger, M., Wegrzyk, J., Achtzehn, S., Holmberg, H.-C.: Effects of hyperoxia during recovery from 5×30-s bouts of maximal-intensity exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences. 30, 851–858 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.671531.
43.
VAN ESSEN, M., GIBALA, M.J.: Failure of Protein to Improve Time Trial Performance when Added to a Sports Drink. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 38, 1476–1483 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000228958.82968.0a.
44.
Burke, L.M., Hawley, J.A., Wong, S.H.S., Jeukendrup, A.E.: Carbohydrates for training and competition. Journal of Sports Sciences. 29, S17–S27 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.585473.
45.
Mondazzi, L., Arcelli, E.: Glycemic Index in Sport Nutrition. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 28, 455S-463S (2009). https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2009.10718112.
46.
SAUNDERS, M.J., KANE, M.D., TODD, M.K.: Effects of a Carbohydrate-Protein Beverage on Cycling Endurance and Muscle Damage. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 36, 1233–1238 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000132377.66177.9F.
47.
Moore, D.R., Robinson, M.J., Fry, J.L., Tang, J.E., Glover, E.I., Wilkinson, S.B., Prior, T., Tarnopolsky, M.A., Phillips, S.M.: Ingested protein dose response of muscle and albumin protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 89, 161–168 (2008). https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26401.
48.
Pedersen, D.J., Lessard, S.J., Coffey, V.G., Churchley, E.G., Wootton, A.M., Ng, T., Watt, M.J., Hawley, J.A.: High rates of muscle glycogen resynthesis after exhaustive exercise when carbohydrate is coingested with caffeine. Journal of Applied Physiology. 105, 7–13 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01121.2007.
49.
Robinson, T.M., Sewell, D.A., Hultman, E., Greenhaff, P.L.: Role of submaximal exercise in promoting creatine and glycogen accumulation in human skeletal muscle. 87, 598–604 (1)AD.
50.
DeMARCO, H.M., SUCHER, K.P., CISAR, C.J., BUTTERFIELD, G.E.: Pre-exercise carbohydrate meals: application of glycemic index. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 31, 164–170 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199901000-00025.
51.
Jeukendrup, A.E., Killer, S.C.: The Myths Surrounding Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate Feeding. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 57, 18–25 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1159/000322698.
52.
Tsintzas, O.K., Williams, C., Boobis, L., Greenhaff, P.: Carbohydrate ingestion and glycogen utilization in different muscle fibre types in man. The Journal of Physiology. 489, 243–250 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp021046.
53.
Coyle, E.F., Coggan, A.R., Hemmert, M.K., Ivy, J.L.: Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate. 61, 165–172.
54.
CARTER, J.M., JEUKENDRUP, A.E., JONES, D.A.: The Effect of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on 1-h Cycle Time Trial Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2107–2111 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000147585.65709.6F.
55.
Jeukendrup, A.E., Rollo, I., Carter, J.M.: Carbohydrate mouth rinse: performance effects and mechanisms. 26, 1–8.
56.
Jeukendrup, A.E., Jentjens, R.: Oxidation of Carbohydrate Feedings During Prolonged Exercise. Sports Medicine. 29, 407–424 (2000). https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200029060-00004.
57.
Hawley, J.A., Bosch, A.N., Weltan, S.M., Dennis, S.C., Noakes, T.D.: Glucose kinetics during prolonged exercise in euglycaemic and hyperglycaemic subjects. Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology. 426, 378–386 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00388300.
58.
Jeukendrup, A.E.: Multiple transportable carbohydrates and their benefits. 26, 1–5 (2013).
59.
CURRELL, K., JEUKENDRUP, A.E.: Superior Endurance Performance with Ingestion of Multiple Transportable Carbohydrates. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 40, 275–281 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815adf19.
60.
Jeukendrup, A.E.: Nutrition for endurance sports: Marathon, triathlon, and road cycling. Journal of Sports Sciences. 29, S91–S99 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.610348.
61.
Rowlands, D.S., Hopkins, W.G.: Effects of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets on metabolism and performance in cycling. Metabolism. 51, 678–690 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1053/meta.2002.32723.
62.
Faigenbaum, A.D., Kraemer, W.J., Blimkie, C.J.R., Jeffreys, I., Micheli, L.J., Nitka, M., Rowland, T.W.: Youth Resistance Training: Updated Position Statement Paper From the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 23, S60–S79 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31819df407.
63.
Baechle, T.R., National Strength & Conditioning Association (U.S): Essentials of strength training and conditioning. Human Kinetics, Champaign, Ill (1994).
64.
Kelly, V.G., Coutts, A.J.: Planning and Monitoring Training Loads During the Competition Phase in Team Sports. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 29, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4295(2007)29[32:PAMTLD]2.0.CO;2.
65.
Gamble, P.: Periodization of Training for Team Sports Athletes. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 28, (2006). https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4295(2006)28[56:POTFTS]2.0.CO;2.
66.
Maughan, R.J., Depiesse, F., Geyer, H.: The use of dietary supplements by athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences. 25, S103–S113 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701607395.
67.
Connor, J., Woolf, J., Mazanov, J.: Would they dope? Revisiting the Goldman dilemma. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 47, 697–700 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091826.
68.
Volek, J.S., Rawson, E.S.: Scientific basis and practical aspects of creatine supplementation for athletes. Nutrition. 20, 609–614 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.014.
69.
VOLEK, J.S., DUNCAN, N.D., MAZZETTI, S.A., STARON, R.S., PUTUKIAN, M., G??MEZ, A.L., PEARSON, D.R., FINK, W.J., KRAEMER, W.J.: Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 31, 1147–1156 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199908000-00011.
70.
IZQUIERDO, M., IBA??EZ, J., GONZ??LEZ-BADILLO, J.J., GOROSTIAGA, E.M.: Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle power, endurance, and sprint performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 34, 332–343 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200202000-00023.
71.
Graham, T.E., Rush, J.W.E., Soeren, M.H. van: Caffeine and Exercise: Metabolism and Performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology. 19, 111–138 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1139/h94-010.
72.
Tarnopolsky, M.A.: Caffeine and Creatine Use in Sport. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 57, 1–8 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1159/000322696.
73.
Bruce, M., Scott, N., Lader, M., Marks, V.: The psychopharmacological and electrophysiological effects of single doses of caffeine in healthy human subjects. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 22, 81–87 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02883.x.
74.
Carr, A.J., Hopkins, W.G., Gore, C.J.: Effects of Acute Alkalosis and Acidosis on Performance. Sports Medicine. 41, 801–814 (2011). https://doi.org/10.2165/11591440-000000000-00000.
75.
Jones, A.M.: DIETARY NITRATE: THE NEW MAGIC BULLET? 26, 1–5 (2013).
76.
Bailey, S.J., Winyard, P., Vanhatalo, A., Blackwell, J.R., DiMenna, F.J., Wilkerson, D.P., Tarr, J., Benjamin, N., Jones, A.M.: Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. 107, 1144–1155 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00722.2009.
77.
CLARK, V.R., HOPKINS, W.G., HAWLEY, J.A., BURKE, L.M.: Placebo effect of carbohydrate feedings during a 40-km cycling time trial. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1642–1647 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200009000-00019.
78.
Jeukendrup, A.: A Step Towards Personalized Sports Nutrition: Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise. Sports Medicine. 44, 25–33 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0148-z.
79.
Burke, L.M., Kiens, B., Ivy, J.L.: Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery. Journal of Sports Sciences. 22, 15–30 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000140527.
80.
Phillips, S.M., Van Loon, L.J.C.: Dietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation. Journal of Sports Sciences. 29, S29–S38 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.619204.
81.
Goldstein, E.R., Ziegenfuss, T., Kalman, D., Kreider, R., Campbell, B., Wilborn, C., Taylor, L., Willoughby, D., Stout, J., Graves, B.S., Wildman, R., Ivy, J.L., Spano, M., Smith, A.E., Antonio, J.: International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 7, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-7-5.
82.
Bean, A.: The complete guide to sports nutrition. A & C. Black, London (2003).
83.
Burke, L.: Practical sports nutrition. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL (2007).
84.
Jeukendrup, A.E.: Sports nutrition: from lab to kitchen. Meyer & Meyer Sport, Maidenhead (2010).
85.
Maughan, R.J. ed: Nutrition in Sport. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK (2000).
86.
Crust, L.: A review and conceptual re-examination of mental toughness: Implications for future researchers. Personality and Individual Differences. 45, 576–583 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.005.
87.
MacNamara, Á., Button, A., Collins, D.: The Role of Psychological Characteristics in Facilitating the Pathway to Elite Performance Part 1: Identifying Mental Skills and Behaviors. The Sport Psychologist. 24, 52–73 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.24.1.52.
88.
Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Overtraining Syndrome. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 45, 186–205 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318279a10a.
89.
Mellalieu, S.D., Hanton, S., Shearer, D.A.: Hearts in the fire, heads in the fridge: A qualitative investigation into the temporal patterning of the precompetitive psychological response in elite performers. Journal of Sports Sciences. 26, 811–824 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701790787.
