Bibliography for Crusading Warfare BETA

A. J. FOREY (1980) ‘THE MILITARY ORDERS IN THE CRUSADING PROPOSALS OF THE LATE-THIRTEENTH AND EARLY-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES’, Traditio, 36, pp. 317–345. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27831079.

Ailes, M., Barber, M., and Ambroise (2003) The history of the Holy War: Ambroise’s Estoire de la guerre sainte. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press.

Albert (2016) Albert of Aachen’s History of the journey to Jerusalem: Volume 1: The First Crusade, 1095-1099. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781351870412.

Allmand, C.T. (1999) ‘War and the non-combatant in the middle ages’, in Medieval warfare: a history. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 163–183. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=44526&entityid=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth.

Anon (1992) Richard the Lionheart. Cambridge [eng.]: Proquest LLC. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:lion&rft_id=xri:lion:po:Z000435687.

Anonymous (1831) ‘Poem describing the assault on Mansoura’, in S. Bentley (ed.) Excerpta historica, or, llustrations of English history. London: Printed by and for Samuel Bentley, pp. 64–84. Available at: https://archive.org/stream/excerptahistoric00bentuoft#page/n5/mode/2up.

Asbridge, T.S. (2000) The creation of the principality of Antioch, 1098-1130. Woodbridge: Boydell.

Asbridge, T.S. (2005) The first crusade: a new history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ashe, L. (2014) ‘The Ideal of Knighthood in English and French Writing, 1100-1230: Crusade, Piety, Chivalry and Patriotism’, in M.G. Bull and D. Kempf (eds) Writing the early Crusades: text, transmission and memory. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, pp. 155–168.

Ayalon, D. (1953) ‘Studies on the Structure of the Mamluk Army--II’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 15(3), pp. 448–476. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/608649.

Ayalon, D. (1988) ‘The Auxiliary Forces of the Mamluk Sultanate’, Der Islam; Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur des Islamischen Orients, 65. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1308660553.

Ayalon, D. (1994) Islam and the abode of war: military slaves and Islamic adversaries. Aldershot, Great Britain: Variorum.

Ayalon, D. (1996) ‘The Mamluks of the Seljuks: Islam’s Military Might at the Crossroads’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 6(3), pp. 305–333. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25183239.

Bachrach, Bernard.S. (1994) ‘Medieval siege warfare: A reconnaissance - The Medieval Siege by Jim Bradbury / Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century by R. Rogers / Arms and Armour of the Crusading Era: 1050-1350 by David C. Nicolle (Book Review)’, The Journal of Military History, 58(1), pp. 119–134. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1296634785?accountid=14540.

Bachrach, D.S. (2003) Religion and the conduct of war, c.300-1215. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.

Baldwin, M.W. (1969) Raymond III of Tripolis and the fall of Jerusalem (1140-1187). Reprint of 1936 ed. Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert.

Bar Hebraeus (1932) The chronography of Gregory Abû’l Faraj, the son of Aaron, the Hebrew physician, commonly known as Bar Hebraeus: being the first part of his political history of the world. Edited by E.A.W. Budge. London: Oxford University Press.

Barber, M. (1994a) The military orders: fighting for the faith and caring for the sick. Aldershot: Variorum.

Barber, M. (1994b) The new knighthood: a history of the Order of the Temple. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Barber, M. (1998) ‘Frontier warfare in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem: the campaign of Jacob’s Ford, 1178-1179’, in J. France and W.G. Zajac (eds) The Crusades and their sources: essays presented to Bernard Hamilton. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 9–22. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=97f058d4-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Barber, M. (2012) The crusader states. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780300189315.

Barber, M. and Bate, A.K. (2010a) Letters from the East: crusaders, pilgrims and settlers in the 12th-13th centuries. Farnhamm, Surrey: Ashgate. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4523572.

Barber, M. and Bate, A.K. (2010b) Letters from the East: crusaders, pilgrims and settlers in the 12th-13th centuries. Farnhamm, Surrey: Ashgate. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4523572.

Bennett, M. (1988a) ‘La Règle du Temple as a military manual or how to deliver a cavalry charge’, in Studies in medieval history presented to R. Allen Brown. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=6dbb1f04-e040-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Bennett, M. (1988b) ‘La Règle du Temple as a military manual or how to deliver a cavalry charge’, in Studies in medieval history presented to R. Allen Brown. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6dbb1f04-e040-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Bennett, M. (2001) ‘The Crusaders’ `Fighting March’ Revisited’, War in History, 8(1), pp. 1–18. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/096834450100800101.

Bennett, M. (2005) ‘The myth of military supremacy of knightly cavalry’, in J. France (ed.) Medieval warfare 1000-1300. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate, pp. 171–184. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=245a320a-e040-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Bentley, S. (1831) ‘Poem describing the Assault of Massoura; and more particularly the valiant conduct and death of William de Longespee, commonly called Earl of Salisbury, and  of several English Knights in the crusade by King Louis IX. King of France . 24 Hen. III. 1250 (Cotton MS. British Museum)’, in S. Bentley (ed.) Excerpta Historica, or Illustrations of English history [edited by Samuel Bentley] : Bentley, Samuel, 1785-1868. Available at: https://archive.org/details/excerptahistoric00bentuoft/page/n17.

Bonner, M.D. (1996) Aristocratic violence and holy war: studies in the jihad and the Arab-Byzantine frontier. New Haven, Conn: American Oriental Society.

Bonner, M.D. and Walter de Gruyter & Co (2006) Jihad in Islamic history: doctrines and practice. English edition. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400827381.

Bradbury, J. (1992) The medieval siege. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.

Bradbury, J. (2004) The Routledge companion to medieval warfare. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=200000.

Brett, M. (2004) ‘Abbasids, Fatimids and Seljuqs’, in The new Cambridge medieval history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 675–720. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111.026.

Brett, M. (2017a) ‘The Near East on the Eve of the Crusades’, in J. Stuckey (ed.) The Eastern Mediterranean Frontier of Latin Christendom. Routledge, pp. 285–302. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/reader.action?docID=4861817&ppg=322.

Brett, M. (2017b) ‘The Near East on the Eve of the Crusades’, in J. Stuckey (ed.) The Eastern Mediterranean Frontier of Latin Christendom. Routledge, pp. 285–302. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/reader.action?docID=4861817&ppg=322.

Brett, M. (2017c) ‘The Near East on the Eve of the Crusades’, in J. Stuckey (ed.) The Eastern Mediterranean Frontier of Latin Christendom. Routledge, pp. 285–302. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/reader.action?docID=4861817&ppg=322.

Bronstein, J. (2005) The Hospitallers and the Holy Land: financing the Latin East, 1187-1274. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=951629.

Brundage, J. (2003) ‘Crusades, Clerics and Violence: Reflections on a Canonical Theme’, in M.G. Bull and N. Housley (eds) The experience of crusading: Vol. 1: Western approaches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 174–156.

Brundage, J.A. (1962) ‘De expugnatione terrae sanctae per Saladinum’, in The Crusades: a documentary survey. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, pp. 153–159. Available at: http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015007046967;view=1up;seq=174.

Buc, P. (2015) Holy war, martyrdom, and terror: Christianity, violence, and the West. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Buc, P. and Walter de Gruyter & Co (2015) Holy war, martyrdom, and terror: Christianity, violence, and the West, ca. 70 C.E. to the Iraq War. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812290974.

Buchet, C. et al. (eds) (2017) The sea in history =: La mer dans l’histoire. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.

Bull, M.G. (1993) Knightly piety and the lay response to the First Crusade: the Limousin and Gascony, c. 970-c. 1130. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Bull, M.G. (2018) Eyewitness and crusade narrative: perception and narration in accounts of the Second, Third and Fourth Crusades. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.

Charles R., B. (1996) ‘Tactical and strategic weaknesses of horse archers on the eve of the First Crusade’, in M. Balard (ed.) Autour de la première croisade: actes du Colloque de la Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East: Clermont-Ferrand, 22-25 juin 1995. Paris, pp. 159–166. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=358df4cc-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Chazan, R. (2009) ‘"Let Not a Remnant or a Residue Escape”: Millenarian Enthusiasm in the First Crusade’, Speculum, 84(02), pp. 289–313. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0038713400018054.

Chevedden, P. et al. (1995) ‘The Trebuchet’, Scientific American, pp. 66–71. Available at: http://deremilitari.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/chevedden1.pdf.

Chevedden, P.E. (2011) ‘The View of the Crusades from Rome and Damascus: The Geo-Strategic and Historical Perspectives of Pope Urban II and Alī ibn āhir al-Sulamī’, Oriens, 39(2), pp. 257–329. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/187783711X588132.

Christie, N. (2006) ‘Religious Campaign or War of Conquest? Muslim Views of the Motives of the First Crusade’, in N. Christie and M. Yazigi (eds) Noble ideals and bloody realities: warfare in the Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill, pp. 57–74. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9789047409120.

Christie, N. (2007) ‘Jerusalem in the Kitab Al-Jihad of Ali ibn Tahir Al-Sulami’, Medieval Encounters, 13(2), pp. 209–221. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1163/157006707X194968.

Christie, N. and Gerish, D. (2003) ‘Parallel Preachings: Urban II and al-Sulamī’, Al-Masaq, 15(2), pp. 139–148. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0950311032000117430.

Christie, N. and Taylor & Francis Group (2020) Muslims and crusaders: Christianity’s wars in the Middle East, 1095-1382, from the Islamic sources. Second edition. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351007368.

Christie, N. and Yazigi, M. (2006) Noble ideals and bloody realities: warfare in the middle ages. Leiden: Brill. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3004201.

Cobb, P.M. (2014) The race for paradise: an Islamic history of the crusades. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780191625237.

Comnena, A. and Sewter, E.R.A. (1969) The Alexiad. London: Penguin Books.

Contamine, P. (1984) War in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Blackwell.

Coulson, C. (1996) ‘Cultural realities and reappraisals in English castle-study’, Journal of Medieval History, 22(2), pp. 171–207. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4181(96)80483-0.

Coulson, C. (2003) Castles in medieval society: fortresses in England, France, and Ireland in the central Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208242.001.0001.

Cowdrey, H.E.J. (1985) ‘Martyrdom and the First Crusade’, in P.W. Edbury (ed.) Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail. Cardiff: University College Cardiff Press, pp. 46–56.

Crawford, P. (2016) The ‘Templar of Tyre’: Part III of the ‘Deeds of the Cypriots’. London, [England]: Routledge. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781351881333.

Crosby, E.U. (2000) Medieval warfare: a bibliographical guide. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429240010.

Daftary, F. (2007) The Ismʻ̄ıl̄ıs: their history and doctrines. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dajani-Shakeel, H. (1976) ‘JIHAD IN TWELFTH-CENTURY ARABIC POETRY: A MORAL AND RELIGIOUS FORCE TO COUNTER THE CRUSADES’, The Muslim World, 66(2), pp. 96–113. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1976.tb03190.x.

Dajani-Shakeel, H. (1978) ‘Displacement of the Palestinians during the crusades’, The Muslim World, 68(3), pp. 157–175. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1978.tb03351.x.

David Ayalon (1953) ‘Studies on the Structure of the Mamluk Army --I’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 15(2), pp. 203–228. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/608548.

David Ayalon (1954) ‘Studies on the Structure of the Mamluk Army--III’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 16(1), pp. 57–90. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/608909.

De Souza, P. and France, J. (2008) War and peace in ancient and medieval history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=334997.

DeVries, K. (1992) Medieval military technology. Peterborough., Ont: Broadview Press.

DeVries, K. (2005) A cumulative bibliography of medieval military history and technology: update 2004. Leiden: Brill.

DeVries, K.R. (2006) ‘Medieval Warfare and the Value of a Human Life’, in N. Christie and M. Yazigi (eds) Noble ideals and bloody realities: warfare in the Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill, pp. 27–56. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9789047409120.

Dominic, F. (1993) ‘Oliver of Paderborn and his siege engine at Damietta’, Nottingham Medieval Studies, 37, pp. 28–32. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1299570981/fulltext?accountid=14540.

Dostourian, A.E., Matthew, and Grifor (1993a) Armenia and the Crusades: tenth to twelfth centuries : the Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa. Lanham, Md: University Press of America.

Dostourian, A.E., Matthew, and Grifor (1993b) Armenia and the Crusades: tenth to twelfth centuries : the Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa. Lanham, Md: University Press of America.

Edbury, P. (1999) ‘Warfare in the Latin East’, in Medieval warfare: a history. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 89–112. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=44526&entityid=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth.

Edgington, S.B. (1996) ‘The doves of war: The part played by carrier pigeons in the crusades’, in M. Balard (ed.) Autour de la première croisade: actes du Colloque de la Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East: Clermont-Ferrand, 22-25 juin 1995. Paris, pp. 167–175. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=348df4cc-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Edwards, R.W. (1987) The fortifications of Armenian Cilicia. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.

Ehrenkreutz, A.S. (1955a) ‘The Place of Saladin in the Naval History of the Mediterranean Sea in the Middle Ages’, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 75(2), pp. 100–116. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/595012.

Ehrenkreutz, A.S. (1955b) ‘The Place of Saladin in the Naval History of the Mediterranean Sea in the Middle Ages’, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 75(2), pp. 100–116. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/595012.

Ehrenkreutz, A.S. and American Council of Learned Societies (1972) Saladin. 1st ed. Albany: State University of New York Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00878.

Ehrlich, M. (2007) ‘The battle of Hattin: a chronicle of a defeat foretold?’, Journal of medieval military history, 5, pp. 16–32. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=3941e9b8-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

El-Azhari, T.K. (1997) The Saljuqs of Syria: during the Crusades, 463-549 A.H./1070-1154 A.D. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz.

El-Azhari, T.K. (2016) Zengi and the Muslim response to the Crusades: the politics of jihad. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Ellenblum, R. (2001) ‘Frankish and Muslim siege warfare and the construction of Frankich concentric castles’, in Dei gesta per Francos: etudes sur les croisades dédiées à Jean Richard, crusade studies in honour of Jean Richard. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 187–198. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=ad2d8af0-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Ellenblum, R. (2006) ‘Frankish castle-building in the latin kingdom of Jerusalem’, in J. France (ed.) Medieval warfare: 1000 - 1300. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 487–492.

Ellenblum, Roni (2007) Crusader castles and modern histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=288456.

Ellenblum, Ronnie (2007) ‘Geography of fear and the spatial distribution of Frankish castles’, in Crusader castles and modern histories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 103–186.

Ellenblum, R. (2012) The Collapse of the Eastern Mediterranean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139151054.

Favreau-Lilie, M.-L. (1993a) ‘The military orders and the escape of the Christian population from the Holy Land in 1291’, Journal of Medieval History, 19(3), pp. 201–227. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4181(93)90014-4.

Favreau-Lilie, M.-L. (1993b) ‘The military orders and the escape of the Christian population from the Holy Land in 1291’, Journal of Medieval History, 19(3), pp. 201–227. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4181(93)90014-4.

Flori, J. (1999) Richard the Lionheart: king and knight. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=6141523.

Forey, A. (1992) The military orders from the twelfth to the early fourteenth centuries. London: Macmillan.

Forey, A. (1994) Military orders and crusades. Aldershot: Variorum.

France, J. (1994) Victory in the East: a military history of the First Crusade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1582575.

France, J. (1996) ‘The Destruction of Jerusalem and the First Crusade’, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 47(01). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022046900018613.

France, J. (1997) ‘The First Crusade as a naval enterprise’, The Mariner’s Mirror, 83(4), pp. 389–397. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.1997.10656660.

France, J. (1999a) ‘Crusading and Warfare in the Middle East’, in Western warfare in the age of the Crusades, 1000-1300. London: UCL Press, pp. 204–229.

France, J. (1999b) ‘Crusading and Warfare in the Middle East’, in Western warfare in the age of the Crusades, 1000-1300. London: UCL Press, pp. 204–229.

France, J. (2000) ‘Crusading warfare and its adaptation to eastern conditions in the twelfth century’, Mediterranean Historical Review, 15(2), pp. 49–66. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09518960008569778.

France, J. (2001a) ‘Recent Writing on Medieval Warfare: From the Fall of Rome to c. 1300’, Journal of Military History, 65, pp. 441–473.

France, J. (2001b) ‘The fall of Antioch during the First Crusade’, in B.Z. Kẹdar, J.S.C. Riley-Smith, and M. Balard (eds) Dei gesta per Francos: etudes sur les croisades dédiées à Jean Richard, crusade studies in honour of Jean Richard. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 13–20.

France, J. (2002) ‘Christianity, Violence and the Origins of Crusading: A propos of a Recent Study’, Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire, 80(2). Available at: https://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rbph_0035-0818_2002_num_80_2_4631.

France, J. (2005) ‘Crusading warfare’, in H.J. Nicholson (ed.) Palgrave Advances in the Crusades. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 58–80. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780230524095.

France, J. (2006) ‘Thinking about Crusader Strategy’, in N. Christie and M. Yazigi (eds) Noble ideals and bloody realities: warfare in the Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill, pp. 75–96. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9789047409120.

France, J. (ed.) (2008a) Mercenaries and paid men: the mercenary identity in the Middle Ages : proceedings of a conference held at University of Wales, Swansea, 7th-9th July 2005. Leiden: Brill. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=468071.

France, J. (2008b) ‘Siege conventions in Western Europe and the Latin East’, in P. De Souza and J. France (eds) War and peace in ancient and medieval history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 158–172. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=334997.

France, J. (2011) ‘Warfare in the Mediterranean region in the age of the crusades, 1095-1291: a clash of contrasts’, in The Crusades and the Near East. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780203841976.

France, J. (2013a) ‘Patterns of War and Peace in the Latin East: Antioch, Edessa and Aleppo 1099-1127’, in A.M. Pazos (ed.) Pilgrims and Pilgrimages as Peacemakers in Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Farnham, pp. 215–228.

France, J. (2013b) ‘Patterns of War and Peace in the Latin East: Antioch, Edessa and Aleppo 1099-1127’, in A.M. Pazos (ed.) Pilgrims and Pilgrimages as Peacemakers in Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Farnham, pp. 215–228.

France, J. (2015) Hattin. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

France, J. (ed.) (2016a) Medieval warfare, 1000-1300. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315249247.

France, J. (ed.) (2016b) Medieval warfare, 1000-1300. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315249247.

France, J. (ed.) (2016c) Medieval warfare, 1000-1300. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315249247.

France, J. (ed.) (2016d) Medieval warfare, 1000-1300. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315249247.

France, J. (ed.) (2016e) Medieval warfare, 1000-1300. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315249247.

France, J. (ed.) (2016f) Medieval warfare, 1000-1300. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315249247.

France, J. (ed.) (2016g) Medieval warfare, 1000-1300. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315249247.

France, J. (ed.) (2016h) Medieval warfare, 1000-1300. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315249247.

France, J. (2016i) Western warfare in the age of the Crusades, 1000-1300. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003071402.

France, J. (2016j) Western warfare in the age of the Crusades, 1000-1300. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003071402.

Frankopan, P. (2012) The First Crusade: the call from the East. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3301102.

Friedman, Y. (1996) ‘The Ransom of Captives in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem’, in M. Balard (ed.) Autour de la première croisade: actes du Colloque de la Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East: Clermont-Ferrand, 22-25 juin 1995. Paris, pp. 177–189. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=781e1fe7-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Friedman, Y. (2001) ‘Did Laws of War Exist in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem?’, in De Sion exibit lex et verbum domini de Hierusalem: essays on medieval law, liturgy, and literature in honour of Amnon Linder. Turnhout: Brepols.

Friedman, Y. (2002) Encounter between enemies: captivity and ransom in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Leiden: Brill.

Friedman, Y. (2011) ‘Peacemaking: perceptions and practices in the medieval Latin East’, in The Crusades and the Near East. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 229–254. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203841976.

Fulcher of Chartres (1969) A history of the expedition to Jerusalem, 1095-1127. Edited by F.R. Ryan. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Galterius (2018) Walter the Chancellors The Antiochene wars. Edited by T.S. Asbridge and S. Edgington. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429432224.

Gaposchkin, M.C. (2008) The making of Saint Louis: kingship, sanctity, and crusade in the later Middle Ages. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3138005.

Gaposchkin, M.C. and ProQuest (Firm) (2008) The making of Saint Louis: kingship, sanctity, and crusade in the later Middle Ages. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3138005.

Georgiou, C. (2018) Preaching the Crusades to the eastern Mediterranean: propaganda, liturgy, and diplomacy, 1305-1352. New York: Routledge.

Gibb, R. (1982a) ‘The armies of Saladin’, in S.J. Shaw and W.R. Polk (eds) Studies in the Civilization of Islam. New Haven, pp. 74–90.

Gibb, R. (1982b) ‘The armies of Saladin’, in S.J. Shaw and W.R. Polk (eds) Studies in the Civilization of Islam. New Haven, pp. 74–90.

Gilchrist, J. (1993) ‘The Lord’s war as the proving ground of faith: Pope Innocent III and the propaganda of violence (1198-1216)’, in M. Shatzmiller (ed.) Crusaders and Muslims in twelfth-century Syria. Leiden: Brill. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=98f058d4-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Gillingham, J. (1994a) Richard Coeur de Lion: kingship, chivalry and war in the twelfth century. London: Hambledon Press.

Gillingham, J. (1994b) Richard Coeur de Lion: kingship, chivalry and war in the twelfth century. London: Hambledon Press.

Gillingham, J. (2000) ‘Conquering the barbarians: war and chivalry in twelfth-century Britain and Ireland’, in The English in the twelfth century: imperialism, national identity, and political values. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press, pp. 41–58. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=16523.

Gillingham, J. (2005) ‘Richard I and the science of war in the middle ages’, in J. France (ed.) Medieval warfare 1000-1300. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate, pp. 299–312. Available at: http://deremilitari.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/gillingham2.pdf.

Gillingham, J. (2015a) ‘Crusading warfare, chivalry and the enslavement of women and children’, in G.I. Halfond (ed.) The medieval way of war: studies in medieval military history in honor of Bernard S. Bachrach. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited, pp. 133–152. Available at: http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1969404.

Gillingham, J. (2015b) ‘Crusading warfare, chivalry, and the enslavement of women and children’, in G.I. Halfond (ed.) The Medieval Way of War: Studies in Medieval Military History in Honour of Bernard S. Bachrach. Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 133–152. Available at: http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1969404.

Grossmann, E. (2012) ‘Naval Support to Crusader land battles at Arsuf in the Holy Land (1099 and 1191)’, Skyllis, 12, pp. 173–141.

Hall, M., Phillips, J., and Caffarus (2013) Caffaro, Genoa and the twelfth-century crusades. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4513129.

Hamilton, B. (2000) The leper king and his heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107050662.

Harari, Y. (1997) ‘The military role of the Frankish Turcopoles: A reassessment’, Mediterranean Historical Review, 12(1), pp. 75–116. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09518969708569720.

Harari, Y.N. (2007) Special operations in the age of chivalry, 1100-1550. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.

Hashmi, S.H. (2012) Just wars, holy wars, and jihads: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim encounters and exchanges. New York: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199755042.001.0001.

Hay, D. (2006) ‘Collateral Damage? Civilian Casualties in the early ideologies of chivalry and crusade’, in N. Christie and M. Yazigi (eds) Noble ideals and bloody realities: warfare in the Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill, pp. 3–26. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9789047409120.

Hay, D.J. (2006) ‘“Collateral Damage?” Civilian Casualties in the Early Ideologies of Chivalry and Crusade’, in N. Christie and M. Yazigi (eds) Noble ideals and bloody realities: warfare in the Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill, pp. 3–26. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9789047409120.

Hill, D.R. (no date) ‘Trebuchets’, Viator, 4, pp. 99–115. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1297913919.

Hill, R. (1962) Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitanorum: The deeds of the Franks and the other pilgrims to Jerusalem. London: Nelson.

Hillenbrand, C. (1999) The Crusades: Islamic perspectives. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315063003.

Hillenbrand, C. (2010) ‘Jihad poetry in the age of the crusades’, in Crusades: medieval worlds in conflict. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, pp. 9–23.

Hoch, M. (1996) ‘The Choice of Damascus as the Objective of the Second Crusade: A Re-Evaluation’, in M. Balard (ed.) Autour de la première croisade: actes du Colloque de la Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East: Clermont-Ferrand, 22-25 juin 1995. Paris, pp. 359–369. Available at: http://web.archive.org/web/20110805083806/http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/pdfs/hoch2.pdf.

Holt, P.M. (1995) Early Mamluk diplomacy (1260-1290): treaties of Baybars and Qalāwūn with Christian rulers. Leiden: E.J. Brill.

Holt, P.M. and Ebooks Corporation Limited (1986) The age of the Crusades: the Near East from the eleventh century to 1517. London: Longman. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1602170.

Hosler, J.D. (2018a) ‘The siege of Acre (1189-1191) in the historiographical tradition’, History Compass, 16(5). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12451.

Hosler, J.D. (2018b) The siege of Acre, 1189-1191: Saladin, Richard the Lionheart, and the battle that decided the Third Crusade. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Hosler, J.D. and Walter de Gruyter & Co (2018) The siege of Acre, 1189-1191: Saladin, Richard the Lionheart, and the battle that decided the Third Crusade. New Haven: Yale University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.degruyter.com/yaleup/view/title/569617?rskey=cRtsG8.

Howard, M. (1994) ‘Constraints on warfare’, in The laws of war: constraints on warfare in the Western world. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, pp. 1–11. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=0b4c29fa-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Humphreys, R.S. (1977a) From Saladin to the Mongols: the Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260. Albany: State University of New York Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00898.

Humphreys, R.S. (1977b) From Saladin to the Mongols: the Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260. Albany: State University of New York Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00898.

Humphreys, S. (2004) ‘Zengids, Ayyubids and Seljuqs’, in J.S.C. Riley-Smith and D. Luscombe (eds) The new Cambridge medieval history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 721–752. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/new-cambridge-medieval-history/zengids-ayyubids-and-seljuqs/DF28E6705A3585BB9AAA1F9D3BF862DC.

Ibn al-Athīr, ʻIzz al-Dīn and Richards, D.S. (2006a) The chronicle of Ibn al-Athīr for the crusading period from al-Kāmil fīʼl-taʼrīkh. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Ibn al-Athīr, ʻIzz al-Dīn and Richards, D.S. (2006b) The chronicle of Ibn al-Athīr for the crusading period from al-Kāmil fīʼl-taʼrīkh. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Ibn al-Furāt, M. ibnʻAbd al-Raḥīm (1971a) Ayyubids, Mamlukes and Crusaders: selections from the Tār̄ıkh al-duwal wa’l-mulūk of Ibn al-Furāt. Cambridge: Heffer.

Ibn al-Furāt, M. ibnʻAbd al-Raḥīm (1971b) Ayyubids, Mamlukes and Crusaders: selections from the Tār̄ıkh al-duwal wa’l-mulūk of Ibn al-Furāt. Cambridge: Heffer.

Ibn al-Qalānisī, A.Y.H. ibn A. and Gibb, H.A.R. (1932a) The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. London: Luzac.

Ibn al-Qalānisī, A.Y.H. ibn A. and Gibb, H.A.R. (1932b) The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. London: Luzac.

Ibn Faḍl Allāh al-ʿUmarī, A. ibn Y. and Lundquist, E.R. (1992) Saladin and the crusaders: selected annals from Masālik al-abṣar fī mamālik al-amṣār. Lund: Lund University Press.

Ibn Jubayr, M. ibn A. and Broadhurst, R.J.C. (2007) The travels of Ibn Jubayr: being the chronicle of a mediaeval Spanish Moor concerning his journey to the Egypt of Saladin, the holy cities of Arabia, Baghdad the city of the caliphs, the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, and the Norman kingdom of Sicily. New Delhi: Goodwood Books.

Ibn Shaddād, B. al-D.Y. ibn R. and Richards, D.S. (2016) The rare and excellent history of Saladin, or, al-Nawādir al-Sultaniyya wa’l-Mahasin al-Yusufiyya. Abingdon, Oxon: Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315237497.

Irwin, R. (1985) ‘The Mamluk conquest of the County of Tripoli’, in Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail. Cardiff: University College Cardiff Press.

Irwin, R. (2010) Mamlūks and Crusaders: men of the sword and men of the pen. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate/Variorum.

Jackson, P. (2016) The Seventh Crusade, 1244-1254: sources and documents. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315237091.

Jacoby, D. (2019) Crusading and trading between West and East: studies in honour of David Jacoby. Edited by S. Menache, B.Z. Kẹdar, and M. Balard. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Jean Richard (1952) ‘An Account of the Battle of Hattin Referring to the Frankish Mercenaries in Oriental Moslem States’, Speculum, 27(2), pp. 168–177. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2854490.

John  France (no date) ‘Byzantium confronts its neighbours: Islam and the crusaders in the twelfth century’, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 29(1), pp. 33–48. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/0307013113Z.00000000036?src=recsys.

John France (2005) ‘Close Order and Close Quarter: The Culture of Combat in the West’, The International History Review, 27(3). Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40109603.

John France (2009) ‘A changing balance: cavalry and infantry, 1000-1300’, Revista de Historia das Ideias, 30. Available at: https://digitalis-dsp.uc.pt/bitstream/10316.2/41535/1/A_changing_balance.pdf.

John, S. and Morton, N.E. (eds) (2014) Crusading and warfare in the Middle Ages: realities and representations. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1734080.

John William, N. (2005) ‘The rate of march of crusading armies in Europe: A study and computation’, in J. France (ed.) Medieval warfare 1000-1300. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate, pp. 569–584.

Joinville, J., Villehardouin, G. and Marzials, F.T. (2019) Chronicles of the crusades. [Place of publication not identified]: Digireads.com Publishing. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=6000930.

Jordan, W.C. (1979) Louis IX and the challenge of the Crusade: a study in rulership. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Kaeuper, R.W. (1999) Chivalry and violence in medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://oxford-universitypressscholarship-com.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199244584.001.0001/acprof-9780199244584.

Kaeuper, R.W. (2009) Holy warriors: the religious ideology of chivalry. Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Kaeuper, R.W. (2016) Medieval chivalry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/medieval-chivalry/60934D80A106C756B82F4EC7440D7A62.

Kedar, B.Z. (1992) ‘The Battle of Hattin Revisited’, in The Horns of Ḥaṭṭīn. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=5cba36de-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Kedar, B.Z. (2004) ‘The Jerusalem massacre of July 1099 in the Western historiography of the crusades’, Crusades, 3, pp. 15–75. Available at: http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/search~S6/r?search=crusading+warfare.

Kẹdar, B.Z. and Ḥevrah la-ḥaḳirat Erets-Yiśra’el ṿe-ʻatiḳoteha (1992) The Horns of Ḥaṭṭīn. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi.

Keen, M. (1996) Nobles, knights and men-at-arms in the Middle Ages. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1749707.

Keen, M.H. (1999) Medieval warfare: a history. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=886672.

Kennedy, H. (1994) Crusader castles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/crusader-castles/2D26926F2D4F286B485C320C86D31FF3.

Kohler, M., Holt, P.M. and Hirschler, K. (2013) Alliances and treaties between Frankish and Muslim rulers in the Middle East: cross-cultural diplomacy in the period of the Crusades. Leiden: Brill.

Kortüm, H.-H. (2006a) ‘Clash of Typologies. The Naming of Wars and the Invention of Typologies’, in H.-H. Kortüm (ed.) Transcultural wars from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. Berlin: Akademie, pp. 11–26. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1348821.

Kortüm, H.-H. (ed.) (2006b) Transcultural wars from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. Berlin: Akademie. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1348821.

Kostick, C. (2009) The siege of Jerusalem: crusade and conquest in 1099. London: Continuum.

Kosto, A.J. (2012) Hostages in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199651702.001.0001.

Le Goff, J. (1996) Saint Louis. [Paris]: NRF/Gallimard. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3441086.

Lev, Y. (1997) ‘Regime, army and society in Egypt, 9th-12th centuries’, in War and society in the eastern Mediterranean, 7th-15th centuries. Leiden: E.J. Brill, pp. 115–152.

Lev, Y. (2006) ‘Infantry in Muslim armies during the Crusades’, in Logistics of warfare in the Age of the Crusades: proceedings of a workshop held at the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Sydney, 30 September to 4 October 2002. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate, pp. 185–208. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=ac2d8af0-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Little, D.P. (1986) ‘The Fall of ’Akka in 690/1291: The Muslim Version’, in M. Šārôn (ed.) Studies in Islamic History and Civilization: In Honour of Professor David Ayalon. Brill, pp. 159–183.

Lloyd, Simon (no date) ‘WILLIAM LONGESPEE II: THE MAKING OF AN ENGLISH CRUSADING HERO (PART I)’, Nottingham Medieval Studies, 35. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1299563372?pq-origsite=summon.

Lloyd, SimonHunt, Tony (no date) ‘WILLIAM LONGESPEE II: THE MAKING OF AN ENGLISH CRUSADING HERO (PART II)’, Nottingham Medieval Studies, 36, pp. 74–86. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1299556763?pq-origsite=summon.

Loud, G.A. and Frederick (2010) The crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: the history of the expedition of the Emperor Frederick and related texts. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate.

Lower, M. (2014) ‘The Papacy and Christian Mercenaries of Thirteenth-Century North Africa’, Speculum, 89(03), pp. 601–631. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0038713414000761.

Lower, M. (2018a) The Tunis Crusade of 1270: a Mediterranean history. First edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744320.001.0001.

Lower, M. (2018b) The Tunis Crusade of 1270: a Mediterranean history. First edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744320.001.0001.

Maier, C.T. (2000) Crusade propaganda and ideology: model sermons for the preaching of the cross. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=144736.

Mallett, A. (2016) Popular Muslim reactions to the Franks in the Levant, 1097-1291. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315601458.

Marshall, C. (1992) Warfare in the Latin East, 1192-1291. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Menache, S. (2018) Communicating the Middle Ages: essays in honour of Sophia Menache. Edited by I. Shagrir, B.Z. Kẹdar, and M. Balard. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Mitchell, P.D. (2004) Medicine in the Crusades: warfare, wounds and the medieval surgeon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mitchell, P.D. (2006) ‘The Torture of Military Captives in the Crusades to the Medieval Middle East’, in N. Christie and M. Yazigi (eds) Noble ideals and bloody realities: warfare in the Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill, pp. 97–118. Available at: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9789047409120.

Mitchell, R. (2008) ‘Light cavalry, heavy cavalry, horse archers, oh my! What abstract definitions don’t tell us about 1205 Adrianople’, Journal of medieval military history, 6, pp. 95–118.

Möhring, H. (2006) ‘The Christian Concept of the Muslim Enemy during the Crusades’, in H.-H. Kortüm (ed.) Transcultural wars from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. Berlin: Akademie, pp. 185–193. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1348821.

Möhring, H. (2008) Saladin: the Sultan and his times, 1138-1193. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Molin, K. (2001) Unknown crusader castles. London: Hambledon and London. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=436747.

Morgan, M.R. (1973) The ‘Chronicle of Ernoul’ and the continuations of William of Tyre. London: Oxford University Press.

Morillo, S. (2003) ‘Battle seeking : the contexts and limits of Vegetian strategy’, Journal of Medieval Military History, 1. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=3841e9b8-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Morillo, S.R. (2008) ‘Mercenaries, Mamluks and Militia: Towards a Cross-cultural Typology of Military Service’, in J. France (ed.) Mercenaries and paid men: the mercenary identity in the Middle Ages : proceedings of a conference held at University of Wales, Swansea, 7th-9th July 2005. Leiden: Brill, pp. 243–260. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=468071.

Morris, C. (1993) ‘Martyrs of the field of battle before and during the First Crusade’, in Studies in Church History, pp. 93–104. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=5bba36de-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Morton, N. (2009) The Teutonic Knights in the Holy Land, 1190-1291. Woodbridge, U.K.: Boydell Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=661939.

Morton, N. (2014) The medieval military orders: 1120-1314. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315833309.

Mourad, S.A. (2013) The intensification and reorientation of Sunni jihad ideology in the Crusader period: Ibn ’Asakir of Damascus (1105-1176) and his age, with an edition and translation of Ibn ’Asakir’s The Forty hadiths for inciting jihad, Mourad: with an edition and translation of Ibn ’Asakir’s The Forty hadiths for inciting jihad. Leiden: Brill.

Mourad, S.A. and Lindsay, J.E. (no date) ‘Rescuing Syria from the infidels: the contribution of Ibn ’Asakir of Damascus to the Jihad campaign of Sultan Nur-ad-Din’, Crusades, 6.

Naus, J.L. (2017) Constructing kingship: the Capetian monarchs of France and the early Crusades. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719090974.001.0001.

Neophytos et al. (2012) Chronicles and memorials of the reign of Richard I. Searchable text ed. Burlington: TannerRitchie Publishing in collaboration with the Library and Information Services of the University of St Andrews. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://sources.tannerritchie.com/browser.php?bookid=1268.

Nicholson, H.J. (2004) Medieval warfare: theory and practice of war in Europe, 300-1500. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3027490.

Nicholson, H.J. and Barber, M. (1998) The military orders: Vol. 2: Welfare and warfare. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Nicolle, D. (1995) Medieval warfare source book: Vol.1: Warfare in western Christendom. London: Arms and Armour Press.

Nicolle, D. (1996) The medieval warfare source book: Vol. 2: Christendom and its neighbours. London: Arms & Armour.

Nicolle, D. (1999) Arms and armour of the crusading era, 1050-1350: Islam, Eastern Europe and Asia. London: Greenhill.

Nicolle, D. (2002) A companion to medieval arms and armour. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=54489&entityid=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth.

Nicolle, D. (2007) Crusader warfare: Vol. 1: Byzantium, Europe and the struggle for the Holy Land, 1050-1300 AD. London: Hambledon Continuum.

Nicolle, D.C. (2005) ‘Wounds, military surgery and the reality of crusading warfare: The evidence of Usamah’s memories’, in J. France (ed.) Medieval warfare 1000-1300. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate, pp. 599–612.

Odo of Deuil (1948) De profectione Ludovici VII in Orientem: The journey of Louis VII to the East. Edited by V.G. Berry. New York: W.W. Norton. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06031.

Park, D.E.A. (2018) Papal protection and the crusader: Flanders, Champagne, and the kingdom of France, 1095-1222. Martlesham: The Boydell Press.

Parry, V.J. and Yapp, M. (1975) War, technology and society in the Middle East. London ; New York: Oxford University Press.

Paterson, L.M. (2018) Singing the crusades: French and Occitan lyric responses to the crusading movements, 1137-1336. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer.

Paul, N.L. (2014) ‘In search of the Marshal’s lost crusade: the persistence of memory, the problems of history and the painful birth of crusading romance’, Journal of Medieval History, 40(3), pp. 292–310. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2014.916082.

Peacock, A.C.S. (2015) The Great Seljuk Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Perry, G.J.M. (2013) John of Brienne: King of Jerusalem, Emperor of Constantinople, c.1175-1237. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1543642.

Peter Jackson (1980) ‘The Crisis in the Holy Land in 1260’, The English Historical Review, 95(376), pp. 481–513. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/568054.

Peters, E. (1998) The First Crusade: the chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and other source materials. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Peters, E. and Gavigan, J.J. (1971) Christian society and the Crusades, 1198-1229: sources in translation, including The capture of Damietta by Oliver of Paderborn. Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3441596.

Philippe de Novare (1936) The wars of Frederick II against the Ibelins in Syria and Cyprus. Edited by J.L. La Monte and M.J. Hubert. New York: Columbia University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06037.

Phillips, J. (1996) Defenders of the Holy Land: relations between the Latin East and the West, 1119-1187. Oxford: Clarendon. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205401.001.0001.

Phillips, J. (2007) The Second Crusade: extending the frontiers of Christendom. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.degruyter.com/yaleup/view/title/532905?rskey=1rw6zd.

Phillips, J. and Hoch, M. (2001) The Second Crusade: scope and consequences. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Pierre Dubois (1956) The recovery of the Holy Land. Edited by W.I. Brandt. New York: Columbia University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.05990.

Powell, J.M. (1986) Anatomy of a crusade, 1213-1221. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3441476.

Prawer, J. (1980) ‘Military orders and crusader politics in the second half of the thirteenth century’, in J. Fleckenstein and M. Hellmann (eds) Die Geistlichen Ritterorden Europas. Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, pp. 217–229.

Prawer, J. (1985) ‘The Jerusalem the crusaders captured: A contribution to the medieval topography of the city’, in Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail. Cardiff: University College Cardiff Press, pp. 1–16.

Pringle, D. (1984a) ‘King Richard I and the Walls of Ascalon’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 116(2), pp. 133–147. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/peq.1984.116.2.133.

Pringle, D. (1984b) ‘King Richard I and the Walls of Ascalon’, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, 116(2), pp. 133–147. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/peq.1984.116.2.133.

Pringle, D. (1986) The red tower (al-Burj al-Ahmar): settlement in the Plain of Sharon at the time of the Crusaders and Mamluks, A.D. 1099-1516. London: British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem.

Pringle, D. (2000) Fortification and settlement in crusader Palestine. Aldershot: Variorum.

Pringle, D. (2005) ‘Crusader castles: The first generation’, in J. France (ed.) Medieval warfare 1000-1300. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate, pp. 471–486.

Pringle, D. (2007) ‘The Templars in Acre c. 1150–1291’, Bulletin of the Council for British Research in the Levant, 2(1), pp. 29–34. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1179/cbrl.2007.2.1.29.

Pringle, D. (2013) ‘Castles and frontiers in the Latin East’, in K.J. Stringer and A. Jotischky (eds) Norman expansion: connections, continuities and contrasts. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Limited, pp. 227–239. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1336209.

Pryor, J. (2008) ‘A view from a masthead: the First Crusade from the sea’, Crusades, 7, pp. 87–152. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=18761ec4-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Pryor, J.H. (1987) Commerce, shipping and naval warfare in the medieval Mediterranean. London: Variorum.

Pryor, J.H. (1988) Geography, technology and war: studies in the maritime history of the Mediterranean, 649-1571. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Pryor, J.H. (2001) ‘“Water, water everywhere, Nor any drop to drink”. Water supplies for the fleets of the First Crusade’, in M. Balard, B.Z. Kedar, and J. Riley-Smith (eds) Dei gesta per Francos: etudes sur les croisades dédiées à Jean Richard, crusade studies in honour of Jean Richard. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 21–28. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/Product/Index/926289?page=0.

Pryor, J.H. (2005) ‘Transportation of horses by sea during the era of the crusades: Eight century to 1285 A.D.’, in J. France (ed.) Medieval warfare 1000-1300. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 534–568.

Pryor, J.H. (2010) ‘Two excitationes for the Third Crusade: the letters of brother Thierry of the Temple’, Mediterranean Historical Review, 25(2), pp. 147–168. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2010.536676.

Pryor, J.H. (ed.) (2016a) Logistics of warfare in the age of the Crusades: proceedings of a workshop held at the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Sydney, 30 September to 4 October 2002. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315250243.

Pryor, J.H. (ed.) (2016b) Logistics of warfare in the age of the Crusades: proceedings of a workshop held at the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Sydney, 30 September to 4 October 2002. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315250243.

Rabie, H. (1975) ‘The training of the Mamluk Faris’, in War, technology and society in the Middle East. London: Oxford University Press, pp. 153–163. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=0a4c29fa-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Raoul, Bachrach, B.S. and Bachrach, D.S. (2005) The Gesta Tancredi of Ralph of Caen: a history of the Normans on the First Crusade. Burlington, VT: Ashgate. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=429585.

Raphael, K. (2013) Climate and political climate: environmental disasters in the Medieval Levant. Leiden: Brill.

Raphael, K. (2014) Muslim fortresses in the Levant: between crusaders and Mongols. Kate Raphael. London: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=589637.

Raymond of Aguilers (1968) Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem. Edited by L.L. Hill and J.H. Hill. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.

Reuven, A. (1988) ‘Mamluk Espionage among Mongols and Franks’, in The medieval Levant: studies in memory of Eliyahu Ashtor (1914-1984). Haifa: Gustav Heinemann Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Haifa, pp. 73–81.

Ricardus (2019) Chronicle of the third crusade: a translation of the Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta Regis Ricardi. Edited by H.J. Nicholson. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429202698.

RICHARD A. LESON (2011) ‘CHIVALRY AND ALTERITY: SALADIN AND THE REMEMBRANCE OF CRUSADE IN A WALTERS “HISTOIRE D’OUTREMER”’, The Journal of the Walters Art Museum, 68, pp. 87–96. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24412676.

Richard, J. (2005) ‘An account of the battle of Hattin referring to the Frankish mercenaries in Oriental Moslem states’, in J. France (ed.) Medieval warfare 1000-1300. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 53–62.

Richard, J. and Lloyd, S.D. (1992) Saint Louis: Crusader King of France. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Riley-Smith, J. (1969) ‘The Templars and the Castle of Tortosa in Syria: An Unknown Document concerning the Acquisition of the Fortress’, The English Historical Review, 84(331), pp. 278–288. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/564521.

Riley-Smith, J. (1984a) ‘Death on the First Crusade’, in D.M. Loades (ed.) The end of strife: papers selected from the proceedings of the Colloquium of the Commission Internationale d’Histoire Ecclésiastique Comparée held at the University of Durham, 2 to 9 September 1981. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, pp. 14–31.

Riley-Smith, J. (1984b) ‘Death on the First Crusade’, in D.M. Loades (ed.) The end of strife: papers selected from the proceedings of the Colloquium of the Commission Internationale d’Histoire Ecclésiastique Comparée held at the University of Durham, 2 to 9 September 1981. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, pp. 14–31.

Riley-Smith, J. (2010) Templars and Hospitallers as professed religious in the Holy Land. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3440966.

Riley-Smith, J. (2012) The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, c.1070-1309. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=956566.

Riley-Smith, J. (no date) ‘Casualties and the number of knights on the First Crusade’, Crusades, 1, pp. 13–28. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=e01ddfad-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1967) The Knights of St. John in Jerusalem and Cyprus,c.1050-1310. London: Macmillan.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1986) The First Crusade and the idea of crusading. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=436855.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1997) The first crusaders, 1095-1131. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (1999) The Oxford history of the Crusades. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=44460&entityid=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth.

Riley-Smith, J.S.C. (2012) The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, c.1070-1309. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Robert and Sweetenham, C. (2016) Robert the Monk’s History of the First Crusade =: Historia Iherosolimitana. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=5050313.

Roche, J.T. (2015) ‘The Second Crusade, 1145-49: Damascus, Lisbon and the Wendish Campaigns’, History Compass, 13(11), pp. 599–609. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12286.

Roche, J.T. and Jensen, J.M. (eds) (2015) The second crusade: holy war on the periphery of Latin Christendom. Turnhout: Brepols.

Rogers, C.J. and Caferro, W. (2010) The Oxford encyclopedia of medieval warfare and military technology. New York: Oxford University Press.

Rose, S. (2002) Medieval naval warfare, 1000-1500. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=169732.

Rubenstein, J. (2008) ‘Cannibals and Crusaders’, French Historical Studies, 31(4), pp. 525–552. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-2008-005.

Rubenstein, J. (2011a) Armies of heaven: the first crusade and the quest for apocalypse. New York: Basic Books.

Rubenstein, J. (2011b) ‘Poetry and History: Baudry of Bourgueil, the Architecture of Chivalry, and the First Crusade’, The Haskins Society journal, 23, pp. 87–102.

Russell, F.H. (1987) ‘Love and Hate In Medieval Warfare: The Contribution of Saint Augustine’, Nottingham Medieval Studies, 31. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1299556807?accountid=14540.

Savvides, A.G.C. (1993) ‘Late Byzantine and western historiographers on Turkish mercenaries in Greek and Latin armies: the Turcoples/Tourkopouloi’, in R. Beaton and C. Roueché (eds) The Making of Byzantine History: Studies Dedicated to Donald M. Nicol. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 122–136.

Scanlon, G. (1961) A Muslim Manual of War. Cairo. Available at: https://aucpress.com/product/a-muslim-manual-of-war/.

Schenk, J. and Carr, M. (eds) (2017a) The military orders. London: Routledge.

Schenk, J. and Carr, M. (eds) (2017b) The military orders: Volume 6.1: Culture and conflict in the Mediterranean world. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

Shirley, J. (2016) Crusader Syria in the thirteenth century: the Rothelin continuation of the History of William of Tyre with part of the Eracles or Acre text. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315258799.

Sivan, E. (1967) ‘Réfugiés Syro-Palestiniens au temps des Croisades’, Revue des Etudes Islamiques, 35, pp. 134–147.

Smail, R.C. (1995) Crusading warfare, 1097-1193. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

SMITH, C. (2003) ‘Martyrdom and Crusading in the Thirteenth Century: Remembering the Dead of Louis IX’s Crusades’, Al-Masaq, 15(2), pp. 189–196. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0950311032000117485.

Stacey, R.C. (1994) ‘The age of chivalry’, in The laws of war: constraints on warfare in the Western world. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, pp. 27–39.

Sterling, D. (2005a) ‘Crusader siege in the Nile delta’, Military History, 22(5).

Sterling, D. (2005b) ‘Crusader siege in the Nile delta’, Military History, 22(5).

Strickland, M. (2006a) ‘Rules of War or War without Rules? Some Reflections on Conduct and the Treatment of Non-Combatants in Medieval Transcultural Wars’, in H.-H. Kortüm (ed.) Transcultural wars from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. Berlin: Akademie, pp. 107–140. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1348821.

Strickland, M. (2006b) ‘Rules of War or War without Rules? Some Reflections on Conduct and the Treatment of Non-Combatants in Medieval Transcultural Wars’, in H.-H. Kortüm (ed.) Transcultural wars from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. Berlin: Akademie, pp. 107–140. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1348821.

Sumberg, A.M. (1959) ‘The “Tafurs” and the First Crusade’, Mediaeval Studies, 21. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=19761ec4-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Tantum, G. (1979) ‘Muslim warfare. A study of a medieval Muslim treatise on the art of war’, in R. Elgood (ed.) Islamic Arms and Armour. London, pp. 187–201.

Thorau, P. (1985a) ‘The battle of ’Ayn Jalut: a re-examination’, in R.C. Smail and P.W. Edbury (eds) Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail. Cardiff: University College Cardiff Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=791e1fe7-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Thorau, P. (1985b) ‘The battle of ’Ayn Jalut: a re-examination’, in R.C. Smail and P.W. Edbury (eds) Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail. Cardiff: University College Cardiff Press. Available at: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=791e1fe7-df40-e911-80cd-005056af4099.

Tibble, S. (2018a) The Crusader armies: 1099-1187. New Haven: Yale University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.degruyter.com/yaleup/view/title/569572?rskey=oJl5y1.

Tibble, S. (2018b) The Crusader armies: 1099-1187. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Todd, J.M. and Eddé Anne-Marie (2011) Saladin. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Tolan, J. (1996) ‘Mirror of Chivalry: Salah Al-Din in the Medieval European Imagination’, in Images of the Other: Europe and the Muslim World before 1700, pp. 7–38. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/1271685/Mirror_of_Chivalry_Salah_Al-Din_in_the_Medieval_European_Imagination.

Tyerman, C. (2009) ‘Court, Crusade and City: The Cultural Milieu of Louis I Duke of Bourbon’, in P.R. Coss, C. Tyerman, and M. Keen (eds) Soldiers, nobles and gentleman: essays in honour of Maurice Keen. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer. Available at: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=661884.

Tyerman, C. (2012) Chronicles of the First Crusade, 1096-1099. London: Penguin. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780141970875.

Tyerman, C. (2015) How to plan a crusade: reason and religious war in the High Middle Ages. London, England: Allen Lane. Available at: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780141970158.

Urban, W.L. (2003) The Teutonic Knights: a military history. London: Greenhill Books.

Van Steenbergen (31AD) Mamluk Empire. Edinburgh University Press.

Vander Elst, S.E.K. (2017) The knight, the cross, and the song: Crusade propaganda and chivalric literature, 1100-1400. 1st edition. Philadelphia: (PENN) University of Pennsylvania Press.

Vegetius Renatus, F. and Milner, N.P. (1993) Vegetius: epitome of military science. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://online.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/978-0-85323-910-9.

Verbruggen, J.F. (1997) The art of warfare in Western Europe during the Middle Ages: from the eighth century to 1340. 2nd ed., rev.enl. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=16645&site=ehost-live.

Walter J. Karcheski Jr. et al. (no date) The Medieval Armour From Rhodes. Royal Armouries.

William (2016) The conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: sources in translation. Edited by P.W. Edbury. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315240565.

William J., H. (1992) ‘Saladin and Muslim Military Theory’, in The Horns of Hattin. Available at: http://web.archive.org/web/20110805094414/http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/pdfs/hamblin.pdf.

William of Tyre (1943) A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea. Edited by E.A. Babcock and A.C. Krey. New York: Columbia University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06057.