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Bayart, Jean-Fran̨cois. The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly. London: Longman, 1993. Print.
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Birch, Sarah, Oxford University Press, and European Consortium for Political Research. Electoral Malpractice. Comparative politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606160.001.0001>.
---. Electoral Malpractice. Comparative politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606160.001.0001>.
Blake, Charles H., and Christopher G. Martin. ‘The Dynamics of Political Corruption: Re-Examining the Influence of Democracy’. Democratization 13.1 (2006): 1–14. Web.
Bratton, Michael, and Nicolas Van de Walle. Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge studies in comparative politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Print.
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---. ‘Corruption, Democracy, and Economic Growth’. International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique 27.2 (2006): 121–136. Web.
Dahlstrom, C., V. Lapuente, and J. Teorell. ‘The Merit of Meritocratization: Politics, Bureaucracy, and the Institutional Deterrents of Corruption’. Political Research Quarterly 65.3 (2012): 656–668. Web.
Davis, Charles L., Roderic A. Camp, and Kenneth M. Coleman. ‘The Influence of Party Systems on Citizens’ Perceptions of Corruption and Electoral Response in Latin America’. Comparative Political Studies 37.6 (2004): 677–703. Web.
Della Porta, Donatella, and Alberto Vannucci. Corrupt Exchanges: Actors, Resources, and Mechanisms of Political Corruption. Social problems and social issues. New Brunswick, N.J.: AldineTransaction, 2012. Print.
della Porta, Donatella, and Alberto Vannucci. ‘The “Perverse Effects” of Political Corruption’. Political Studies 45.3 (1997): 516–538. Web.
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Donchev, Dilyan, and Gergely Ujhelyi. ‘What Do Corruption Indices Measure?’ Economics & Politics 26.2 (2014): 309–331. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecpo.12037/abstract>.
E. Warren, Mark. ‘What Does Corruption Mean in a Democracy?’ American Journal of Political Science 48.2 (2004): 328–343. Web.
---. ‘What Does Corruption Mean in a Democracy?’ American Journal of Political Science 48.2 (2004): 328–343. Web.
Elklit, Jørgen, and Andrew Reynolds. ‘A Framework for the Systematic Study of Election Quality’. Democratization 12.2 (2005): 147–162. Web.
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Fisman, Raymond, and Edward Miguel. ‘Corruption, Norms, and Legal Enforcement: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets’. Journal of Political Economy 115.6 (2007): 1020–1048. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=31446547&site=ehost-live>.
Gerring, John, and Strom C. Thacker. ‘Do Neoliberal Policies Deter Political Corruption?’ International Organization 59.01 (2005): n. pag. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3877884>.
---. ‘Do Neoliberal Policies Deter Political Corruption?’ International Organization 59.01 (2005): n. pag. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3877884>.
---. ‘Political Institutions and Corruption: The Role of Unitarism and Parliamentarism’. British Journal of Political Science 34.2 (2004): 295–330. Web.
Girling, J. L. S. Corruption, Capitalism and Democracy. Routledge studies in social and political thought. London: Routledge, 1997. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=169631>.
---. Corruption, Capitalism and Democracy. Routledge studies in social and political thought. London: Routledge, 1997. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=169631>.
---. Corruption, Capitalism and Democracy. Routledge studies in social and political thought. London: Routledge, 1997. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=169631>.
Girling, J. L. S. and Ebooks Corporation Limited. Corruption, Capitalism and Democracy. Routledge studies in social and political thought. London: Routledge, 1997. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=169631>.
Golden, Miriam A., and Lucio Picci. ‘Proposal for a New Measure of Corruption, Illustrated with Italian Data’. Economics and Politics 17.1 (2005): 37–75. Web.
Goodwin-Gill, Guy S. Free and Fair Elections: International Law and Practice. Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary Union, 1994. Web. <https://ipu.org/PDF/publications/Free&Fair06-e.pdf>.
Hamid Mohtadia, b, , Terry L. Roea. ‘Democracy, Rent Seeking, Public Spending and Growth’. Democracy, rent seeking, public spending and growthRecommended articlesDownload PDFs 87.3–4, 445–466. Web.
Harris, Robert and Dawson Books. Political Corruption: In and beyond the Nation State. London: Routledge, 2003. Web. <https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203451588>.
---. Political Corruption: In and beyond the Nation State. London: Routledge, 2003. Web. <https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203451588>.
---. Political Corruption: In and beyond the Nation State. London: Routledge, 2003. Web. <https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203451588>.
---. Political Corruption: In and beyond the Nation State. London: Routledge, 2003. Web. <https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203451588>.
---. Political Corruption: In and beyond the Nation State. London: Routledge, 2003. Web. <https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203451588>.
Harstad, Bård, and Jakon Svensson. ‘Bribes, Lobbying, and Development’. American Political Science Review 105.01 (2011): 46–63. Web.
Heidenheimer, Arnold J., and Michael Johnston. Political Corruption: Concepts & Contexts. 3rd ed. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2002. Print.
---. Political Corruption: Concepts & Contexts. 3rd ed. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2002. Print.
---. Political Corruption: Concepts & Contexts. 3rd ed. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2002. Print.
Hermet, Guy, Richard Rose, and Alain Rouquié. Elections without Choice. Publications (Committee on Political Sociology). London: Macmillan, 1978. Print.
Hyde, Susan D. The Pseudo-Democrat’s Dilemma: Why Election Observation Became an International Norm. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2011. Print.
James C. Scott. ‘Corruption, Machine Politics, and Political Change’. The American Political Science Review 63.4 (1969): 1142–1158. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1955076>.
John G. Peters and Susan Welch. ‘Political Corruption in America: A Search for Definitions and a Theory, or If Political Corruption Is in the Mainstream of American Politics Why Is It Not in the Mainstream of American Politics Research?’ The American Political Science Review 72.3 (1978): 974–984. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1955115>.
Johnson, Roberta Ann. The Struggle against Corruption: A Comparative Study. Perspectives in comparative politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781403981004>.
Johnston, Michael. Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. Third edition. London: Routledge, 2017. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315126647>.
---. Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. Third edition. London: Routledge, 2017. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315126647>.
---. Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. Third edition. London: Routledge, 2017. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315126647>.
---. Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. Third edition. London: Routledge, 2017. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315126647>.
---. Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. Third edition. London: Routledge, 2017. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315126647>.
---. Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. Third edition. London: Routledge, 2017. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315126647>.
---. Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. Third edition. London: Routledge, 2017. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315126647>.
---. Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. Third edition. London: Routledge, 2017. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315126647>.
---. Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power, and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490965>.
---. Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power, and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490965>.
---. Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power, and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490965>.
---. Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power, and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490965>.
---. Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power, and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490965>.
---. Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power, and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490965>.
Jong-sung, Y., and S. Khagram. ‘A Comparative Study of Inequality and Corruption’. American Sociological Review 70.1 (2005): 136–157. Web.
‘Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice Special Issue on “Corruption, Trust, the Public Sector and Public Policies: A Comparative International Perspective”’. 16.2 n. pag. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/fcpa20/16/2>.
Keefer, Philip. ‘Clientelism, Credibility, and the Policy Choices of Young Democracies’. American Journal of Political Science 51.4 (2007): 804–821. Web.
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---. ‘Toward a Methodology for the Comparative Study of Political Corruption’. Crime, Law and Social Change 27.3/4 (1997): 185–206. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1008274416350>.
Lindberg, Staffan I. Democratization by Elections: A New Mode of Transition. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009. Print.
Little, Walter, Eduardo Posada-Carbó, and University of London. Political Corruption in Europe and Latin America. Institute of Latin American Studies series. Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London, 1996. Print.
---. Political Corruption in Europe and Latin America. Institute of Latin American Studies series. Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London, 1996. Print.
Magaloni, Beatriz. ‘The Game of Electoral Fraud and the Ousting of Authoritarian Rule’. American Journal of Political Science 54.3 (2010): 751–765. Web.
---. Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and Its Demise in Mexico. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511510274>.
Marc Morjé Howard and Philip G. Roessler. ‘Liberalizing Electoral Outcomes in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes’. American Journal of Political Science 50.2 (2006): 365–381. Web.
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Michael Johnston. ‘Right & Wrong in British Politics: “Fits of Morality” in Comparative Perspective’. Polity 24.1 (1991): 1–25. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3234982>.
Miller, William Lockley, Åse B. Grædeland, and Tatyana Y. Koshechkina. A Culture of Corruption?: Coping with Government in Post-Communist Europe. New York: Central European University Press, 2001. Print.
---. A Culture of Corruption?: Coping with Government in Post-Communist Europe. New York: Central European University Press, 2001. Print.
Montinola, Gabriella R., and Robert W. Jackman. ‘Sources of Corruption: A Cross-Country Study’. British Journal of Political Science 32.01 (2002): n. pag. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4092210>.
Mortimore, Roger. ‘Public Perceptions of Sleaze in Britain’. Parliamentary Affairs 48.4 (1995): 579–589. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/content/48/4.toc>.
Myagkov, Mikhail G., Peter C. Ordeshook, and Dimitri Shakin. The Forensics of Election Fraud: Russia and Ukraine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Print.
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---. Disaffected Democracies: What’s Troubling the Trilateral Countries? Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000. Print.
Philp, Mark. ‘Defining Political Corruption’. Political Studies 45.3 (1997): 436–462. Web.
‘Political Studies - Special Issue on Political Corruption’. Volume 45.Issue 3 (1997): n. pag. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/post.1997.45.issue-3/issuetoc>.
Redlawsk, David P., and James A. McCann. ‘Popular Interpretations of “Corruption” and Their Partisan Consequences’. Political Behavior 27.3 (2005): 261–283. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4500196>.
Reinikka, Ritva, and Jakob Svensson. ‘Using Micro-Surveys to Measure and Explain Corruption’. World Development 34.2 (2006): 359–370. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X0500166X>.
Robinson, Mark. Corruption and Development. London: Frank Cass in association with the European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), Geneva, 1998. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780203044858>.
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Rose-Ackerman, Susan, and Bonnie J. Palifka. Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139962933>.
---. Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139962933>.
---. Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139962933>.
---. Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139962933>.
---. Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139962933>.
---. Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139962933>.
Rothstein, Bo. The Quality of Government: Corruption, Social Trust, and Inequality in International Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. Print.
---. The Quality of Government: Corruption, Social Trust, and Inequality in International Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. Print.
Rothstein, Bo, and Eric M. Uslaner. ‘All for All: Equality, Corruption, and Social Trust’. World Politics 58.01 (2005): 41–72. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/world_politics/v058/58.1rothstein.html>.
Sampford, C. J. G. Measuring Corruption. Law, ethics and governance series. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate, 2006. Print.
Sandholtz, Wayne, and Mark M. Gray. ‘International Integration and National Corruption’. International Organization 57.04 (2003): n. pag. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3594846>.
Sandholtz, Wayne, and William Koetzle. ‘Accounting for Corruption: Economic Structure, Democracy, and Trade’. International Studies Quarterly 44.1 (2000): 31–50. Web.
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Stanig, Piero. ‘Regulation of Speech and Media Coverage of Corruption: An Empirical Analysis of the Mexican Press’. American Journal of Political Science 59.1 (2015): 175–193. Web.
Stockemer, D., B. LaMontagne, and L. Scruggs. ‘Bribes and Ballots: The Impact of Corruption on Voter Turnout in Democracies’. International Political Science Review 34.1 (2013): 74–90. Web.
Tavits, Margit. ‘Clarity of Responsibility and Corruption’. American Journal of Political Science 51.1 (2007): 218–229. Web.
Theobald, Robin. Corruption, Development, and Underdevelopment. Durham: Duke University Press, 1990. Print.
---. Corruption, Development, and Underdevelopment. Durham: Duke University Press, 1990. Print.
---. Corruption, Development, and Underdevelopment. Durham: Duke University Press, 1990. Print.
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‘Transparency International Publication - Corruption Perceptions Index 2014’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/cpi2014>.
Treisman, Daniel. ‘The Causes of Corruption: A Cross-National Study’. Journal of Public Economics 76.3 (2000): 399–457. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272799000924>.
Vogl, Frank. Waging War on Corruption: Inside the Movement Fighting the Abuse of Power. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781442218543>.
---. Waging War on Corruption: Inside the Movement Fighting the Abuse of Power. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781442218543>.
Winters, Matthew S., and Rebecca Weitz-Shapiro. ‘Lacking Information or Condoning Corruption: When Do Voters Support Corrupt Politicians?’ Comparative Politics 45.4 (2013): 418–436. Web.
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Yadav, Vineeta. Political Parties, Business Groups, and Corruption in Developing Countries. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199735907.001.0001>.
Yan, Sun, and Michael Johnston. ‘Does Democracy Check Corruption? Insights from China and India’. Comparative Politics 42.1 (2009): 1–19. Web.