Bibliography for HIST4226 Society and Religion in the Medieval Crusader States

1
Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database. http://www.crusades-regesta.com/

2
French of Outremer. http://legacy.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/medieval_studies/french_of_outremer/

3
RELIM - Religious Minorities in the Euro-Mediterranean Region. http://www.cn-telma.fr/relmin/recherche/

4
The Oxford Outremer Map Project. https://medievaldigital.ace.fordham.edu/mapping-projects/oxford-outremer-map-project/

5
Bearers of the Cross - Material Religion in the Crusading World, 1095–c.1300. http://www.bearersofthecross.org.uk/

6
The Crusader States - The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099-1291. http://www.crusaderstates.org/

7
Cairo Genizah. http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/genizah

8
Edson E. Matthew Paris’ ‘other’ map of Palestine. 1994.http://www.artwis.com/articles/matthew-paris-other-map-of-palestine/

9
Vadum Jacob Research Project. http://vadumiacob.huji.ac.il/

10
A Database of Crusaders to the Holy Land, 1095 - 1149. https://www.hrionline.ac.uk/crusaders/

11
Ancient Maps of Jerusalem. http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/dl/maps/jer/

12
Jerusalem Virtual Library: maps. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/maps-of-jerusalem

13
The Archaeological Survey of Israel. http://www.antiquities.org.il/survey/new/default_en.aspx

14
The Crusades (1095 - ca.1291). The Metropolitan Museum of Art. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crus/hd_crus.htm

15
Ancient Resource: Medieval Artifacts From the Crusades. http://www.ancientresource.com/lots/medieval_crusades/crusaders_artifacts1.html

16
Jotischky A. Crusading and the crusader states. Harlow: : Pearson/Longman 2004. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1747338

17
Hillenbrand C. The Crusades: Islamic perspectives. Edinburgh: : Edinburgh University Press 1999. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=bd50ab8e-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

18
Christie N. Muslims and Crusaders: Christianity’s wars in the Middle East, 1095-1382, from the Islamic sources. London: : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2014.

19
Riley-Smith JSC. The crusades: a history. Third edition. London: : Bloomsbury Academic 2014. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781472508799

20
Edbury PW. The crusader states. In: Abulafia D, ed. The New Cambridge Medieval History, v. 5. c.1198-c.1300. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1999. 590–606.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362894

21
Holt PM. The crusader states and their neighbours, 1098-1291. Harlow, London: : Pearson Education Limited 2004. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=b28b724b-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

22
Mayer HE. The Latin east, 1098-1205. In: Riley-Smith JSC, Luscombe D, eds. The New Cambridge Medieval History, v. 4:2: c.1024-c.1198. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2004. 644–74.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111

23
Cobb PM. The race for paradise: an Islamic history of the Crusades. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2014. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780191625237

24
Barber M. The crusader states. New Haven, Conn: : Yale University Press 2012. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780300189315

25
Tyerman C. God’s war: a new history of the Crusades. London: : Allen Lane 2006. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=058e9070-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

26
Catlos BA. Muslims of Latin Christendom, ca. 1050-1615. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2014. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1658740

27
Holt PM. The Eastern Mediterranean lands in the period of the Crusades. Warminster: : Aris and Phillips 1977.

28
Tolan JV, Veinstein G, Laurens H, et al. Europe and the Islamic world: a history. Princeton, N.J.: : Princeton University Press 2013.

29
Prawer J. The world of the crusaders. London: : Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1972.

30
Richard J. The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem. Amsterdam: : North-Holland 1979.

31
Smail RC. The Crusaders in Syria and the Holy Land. London: : Thames and Hudson 1973.

32
Van Tricht F. The Latin Orient. In: The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: the Empire of Constantinople (1204-1228). Leiden: : Brill 2011. 433–72.https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=737788

33
Stuckey J, editor. The Eastern Mediterranean frontier of Latin Christendom. Farnham, Surrey: : Ashgate 2014. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4861817

34
Baldwin MW. A History of the Crusades, vol. 1: The first hundred years. 2nd ed. Madison: : University of Wisconsin Press 1969. https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusOne

35
Kostick C. The Crusades and the Near East. Abingdon, Oxon: : Routledge 2011. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780203841976

36
Madden TF. The Crusades: the essential readings. Oxford: : Blackwell 2002.

37
Nicholson HJ. Palgrave advances in the Crusades. Basingstoke, Hampshire: : Palgrave Macmillan 2005. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780230524095

38
Powell JM, editor. Muslims under Latin rule, 1100-1300. Princeton, NJ: : Princeton University Press 2014. http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1700455

39
Leder S, editor. Crossroads between Latin Europe and the Near East: corollaries of the Frankish presence in the Eastern Mediterranean (12th-14th centuries). Würzburg: : Ergon-Verlag 2011.

40
Prawer J, Kedar BZ, Mayer RC, et al. Outremer: studies in the history of the crusading kingdom of Jerusalem presented to Joshua Prawer. Jerusalem: : Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi Institute 1982.

41
Shatzmiller M. Crusaders and Muslims in twelfth-century Syria. Leiden: : Brill 1993.

42
Smail RC, Edbury PW, Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East. Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail. Cardiff: : University College Cardiff Press 1985.

43
Zacour NP, Hazard HW. The impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Madison: : University of Wisconsin Press 1985. https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusFive

44
Murray AV. The Crusades: an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif: : ABC-CLIO 2006.

45
Meri JW, editor. Medieval Islamic civilisation: an encyclopedia. London: : Routledge 2005. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780203957608

46
Holt PM, Lewis B, Lambton AKS. The Cambridge history of Islam. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1970.

47
Holt PM, Lewis B, Lambton AKS. The Cambridge history of Islam: Vol. 2. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1977.

48
McKitterick R. The new Cambridge medieval history. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1995.

49
Petry CF. The Cambridge history of Egypt: Vol. 1: Islamic Egypt, 640-1517. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1998.

50
Riley-Smith JSC, editor. The Oxford history of the Crusades. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 1999. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780191540233

51
Horden P, Kinoshita S, editors. A companion to Mediterranean history. Chichester, West Sussex: : Wiley Blackwell 2014. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118519356

52
Thomas D, Roggema B, Monferrer Sala JP, et al. Christian-Muslim relations: a bibliographical history. Leiden: : Brill 2009.

53
Mallett A. Medieval Muslim historians and the Franks in the Levant. Boston: : Brill 2014.

54
Whitby M. Byzantines and crusaders in non-Greek sources, 1025-1204. New York, N.Y.: : Oxford University Press for the British Academy 2007.

55
Bull MG. The Evidence for Medieval History. In: Thinking medieval: an introduction to the study of the Middle Ages. Basingstoke: : Palgrave Macmillan 2005. 62–98.

56
William of Tyre. A history of deeds done beyond the sea. New York: : Columbia University Press 1943. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06057

57
Edbury PW, Rowe JG. William of Tyre: historian of the Latin East. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1988.

58
Handyside P. The Old French William of Tyre. Leiden: : Brill 2015.

59
Morgan MR. The ‘Chronicle of Ernoul’ and the continuations of William of Tyre. London: : Oxford University Press 1973.

60
Charters of the Seigneury of Joscelin. http://www.crusaderstates.org/charters-of-the-seigneury-of-jocelyn.html

61
Canons of the Council of Nablus (1120). https://web.archive.org/web/20210424000526/http://www.crusaderstates.org/canons-of-the-council-of-nablus.html

62
The Book of James of Ibelin. http://www.crusaderstates.org/the-book-of-james-of-ibelin.html

63
Crusader Syria in the thirteenth century: the Rothelin continuation of the History of William of Tyre with part of the Eracles or Acre text. Aldershot: : Ashgate 1999.

64
Stewart A, editor. The History of Jerusalem A.D. 1180 by Jacques de Vitry. London: : Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society 1896. https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534422

65
Barber M, Bate AK. Letters from the East: crusaders, pilgrims and settlers in the 12th-13th centuries. Farnhamm, Surrey: : Ashgate 2010. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4523572

66
Loud GA. The crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: the history of the expedition of the Emperor Frederick and related texts. Farnham, Surrey: : Ashgate 2010.

67
Schabel C. Bullarium Hellenicum: Pope Honorius III’s Letters to Frankish Greece and Constantinople. Turnhout: : Brepols Publishers 2015.

68
Sanudo M, Lock P. The book of the secrets of the faithful of the cross. Farnham, Surrey: : Ashgate 2011. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=655469

69
Walter the Chancellor. The Antiochene wars: a translation and commentary. Aldershot: : Ashgate 1999.

70
Fulcher of Chartres. A history of the expedition to Jerusalem, 1095-1127. Knoxville: : University of Tennessee Press 1969.

71
Kennedy H. De Constructione Castri Saphet (translation). In: Crusader castles. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1994. 190–200.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=0cc8f254-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

72
Chronique du templier de Tyr. English. The ‘Templar of Tyre’: Part III of the ‘Deeds of the Cypriots’. Aldershot: : Ashgate 2003.

73
Gabrieli F. Arab historians of the Crusades. London: : Routledge 2009. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=453735

74
Usamah ibn Munqidh. The book of contemplation: Islam and the Crusades. London: : Penguin Books 2008.

75
Cobb PM. Usama ibn Munqidh: warrior-poet of the age of Crusades. Oxford: : Oneworld 2005.

76
Ibn Jubayr M ibn A. The travels of Ibn Jubayr: being the chronicle of a mediaeval Spanish Moor concerning his journey to the Egypt of Saladin, the holy cities of Arabia, Baghdad the city of the caliphs, the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, and the Norman kingdom of Sicily. New Delhi: : Goodwood Books 2007.

77
Usāmah ibn Munqidh. An Arab-Syrian gentleman and warrior in the period of the Crusades: memoirs of Usāmah ibn-Munqidh (Kitāb al-Iʻtibār). New York: : Columbia University Press 2000. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06052

78
Stern SM, editor. Fāṭimid decrees: original documents from the Fāṭimid chancery. London: : Faber 1964.

79
Stern SM. Petitions from the Ayyūbid Period. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 1964;27.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/612178

80
Stern SM. Two Ayyubid decrees from Sinai. In: Stern S, Walzer R, eds. Oriental Studies, vol. 3: Documents from Islamic Chanceries. Oxford: : Bruno Cassirer 1965. 9–38.http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Stern-1965-Documents/Stern-1965-Documents-009-038-Stern.pdf

81
Jamil N, Johns J. An original Arabic document from Crusader Antioch (1213 AD). In: Robinson CF, ed. Texts, Documents and Artefacts. Islamic Studies in Honor of D.S. Richards. Leiden: : Brill 2003. 157–90.

82
Drory J. Some observations during a visit to Palestine by Ibn al-’Arabi of Seville in 1092- 1095. Crusades 2004;3:101–24.

83
Le Strange G. Palestine under the Moslems. A description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. 1890. https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lest

84
Ibn al-Qalānisī AYH ibn A. The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. London: : Luzac 1932.

85
Talmon-Heller D. The Cited Tales of the Wondrous Doings of the Shaykhs of the Holy Land by Diya’ al-Din Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad b. Abd al-Wahid al-Maqdisi (569/1173-643/1245): text, translation, and commentary. In: Riley-Smith JSC, Kẹdar BZ, eds. Crusades. Aldershot, Hampshire: : Published by Ashgate for the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East 2003. 111–54.

86
Le Strange G. Description of Syria: including Palestine by Muhammad ibn Ahmad Muqaddasi. London: : Palestine Pilgrim’s Text Society 1886. https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534265

87
Ibn al-Athīr ʻIzz al-Dīn, Richards DS. The chronicle of Ibn al-Athīr for the crusading period from al-Kāmil fīʼl-taʼrīkh. Aldershot: : Ashgate 2006.

88
Richards DS. A text of ʿImād al-dīn on 12th century Frankish-Muslim relations. Arabica 1978;25.http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/4056535?uid=3739560&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21104450085153

89
Ibn Shaddād B al-DY ibn R, Richards DS. The rare and excellent history of Saladin, or, al-Nawādir al-Sultaniyya wa’l-Mahasin al-Yusufiyya. Abingdon, Oxon: : Taylor & Francis Group 2016. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315237497

90
Abu l’Fida. The Book of Inciting Desire. In: Matthews CD, ed. Palestine-Mohammedan Holy Land. New Haven: : Yale University Press 1949. 43–139.https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.88352/2015.88352.Palestine-Mohammedan-Holy-Land#page/n17/mode/2up

91
Burhan ad-Din Ibn al-Firkah al-Fazari. The Book of Arousing Souls to Visit Jerusalem’s Holy Walls. In: Matthews CD, ed. Palestine-Mohammedan Holy Land. New Haven: : Yale University Press 1949. 1–42.https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.88352

92
Matthews CD, editor. Palestine-Mohammedan Holy Land. New Haven: : Yale University Press 1949. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.88352

93
Matthew of Edessa. Armenia and the Crusades: tenth to twelfth centuries : the Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa. Lanham, Md: : University Press of America 1993.

94
Bedrosian R, editor. Smbat Sparapet’s Chronicle. 2005.http://www.attalus.org/armenian/cssint.htm

95
Robert B, editor. Chronicle Attributed to King Het’um II. 2005.http://www.attalus.org/armenian/chetint.htm

96
Bedrosian R, editor. The Chronicle of Michael the Great, Patriarch of the Syrians. https://archive.org/details/ChronicleOfMichaelTheGreatPatriarchOfTheSyrians/page/n247/mode/2up

97
Tritton AS, Gibb HAR. The First and Second Crusades from an Anonymous Syriac Chronicle. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1933;:69–101.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25194689

98
Tritton AS, Gibb HAR. The First and Second Crusades from an Anonymous Syriac Chronicle (Concluded from p. 101). The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1933;:273–305.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25194766

99
Benisch A. Travels of Rabbi Petachia of Ratisbon. London: : Trubner 1856. https://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10239844_00005.html

100
Benjamin of Tudela. The itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela. In: Adler EN, ed. Jewish travellers. London: : Routledge 2014. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=201215

101
Goitein SD. Letters of medieval Jewish traders. Princeton: : Princeton University Press 1973.

102
Adler EN. Jewish travellers. London: : G. Routledge & sons, ltd 1930. https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-108936-464/page/n12/mode/2up

103
Stewart A, editor. The pilgrimage of Joannes Phocas in the Holy Land (in the year 1185 A.D.). New York: : Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society, 5 1971. https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534331

104
Jeffreys E, Jeffreys M. A Constantinopolitan Poet views Frankish Antioch. Crusades 2015;14:49–151.

105
Aerts WJ. A Byzantine traveler to one of the crusader states. Leuven: : Uitgeverij Peeters 2003.

106
Kinnamos I. Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus. New York: : Columbia University Press 1976. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.05985

107
Comnena A. The Alexiad. London: : Penguin Books 1969.

108
Buckler G. Anna Comnena: a study. Oxford: : Clarendon P. 1929.

109
Bird JL, Peters E, Powell JM. Crusade and Christendom: annotated documents in translation from Innocent III to the fall of Acre, 1187-1291. Philadelphia: : University of Pennsylvania Press 2013. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3442060

110
Le Strange G. Palestine under the Moslems: a description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. London: : Palestine Exploration Fund by Alexander P. Watt 1890. https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lest#page/n7/mode/2up

111
Brundage JA. The Crusades: a documentary survey. Milwaukee: : Marquette University Press 1962.

112
Allen SJ, Amt E, editors. The Crusades: a reader. Second edition. North York, Ontario: : University of Toronto Press 2014.

113
Barber M, Bate AK. Letters from the East: crusaders, pilgrims and settlers in the 12th-13th centuries. Farnhamm, Surrey: : Ashgate 2010.

114
Wright T, Arculfus. Early travels in Palestine: comprising the narratives of Arculf, Willibald, Bernard, Sæwulf, Sigurd, Benjamin of Tudela, Sir John Maundeville, De la Brocquière, and Maundrell. London: : H.G. Bohn 1848.

115
Zumthor P, Peebles C. The Medieval Travel Narrative. New Literary History 1994;25. doi:10.2307/469375

116
Howard DR. Writers and pilgrims: medieval pilgrimage narratives and their posterity. Berkeley: : University of California Press 1980.

117
Weber E. Construction of identity in twelfth‐century Andalusia: the case of travel writing. The Journal of North African Studies 2000;5:1–8. doi:10.1080/13629380008718394

118
Campbell MB. The witness and the other world: exotic European travel writing, 400-1600. 1st print., Cornell Pbks. Ithaca: : Cornell University Press 1991. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03193

119
Wilkinson J, Hill J, Ryan WF, editors. Jerusalem pilgrimage, 1099-1185. Farnham, Surrey: : Ashgate Pub 1988. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=2004753

120
Macpherson JR. Fetellus (circa 1130 A.D.). London: : Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society 1896. https://archive.org/details/libraryofpalesti05paleuoft

121
Pringle D. Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187-1291. Abingdon, Oxon: : Routledge 2016. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315600499

122
Le Strange G. Palestine under the Moslems. A description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. 1890. https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lest

123
George-Tvrtkovic R. A Christian pilgrim in medieval Iraq: Riccoldo da Montecroce’s encounter with Islam. Turnhout: : Brepols 2012.

124
Pringle D. Wilbrand of Oldenburg’s journey to Syria, Lesser Armenia, Cyprus, and the Holy Land (1211-1212): a new edition. Crusades 2012;11.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=25a4d2d9-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099

125
Stewart A. Anonymous pilgrims, I.-VIII. (11th and 12th centuries). London: : Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society 1894. https://archive.org/details/libraryofpalesti06paleuoft

126
Theoderich. Description of the Holy Places (ca. 1172 A.D.). London: : Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society 1885. https://archive.org/details/cu31924072557360

127
John of Würzburg. Description of the Holy Land. London: : Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society 1890. https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534323

128
Stewart A. Burchard of Mount Sion: A.D. 1280. London: : Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society 1896. https://archive.org/details/libraryofpalesti12pale

129
Brownlow RevC, editor. Saewulf. London: : Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society 1892. https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534299

130
Stewart A, editor. The pilgrimage of Joannes Phocas in the Holy Land (in the year 1185 A.D.). New York: : Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society, 5 1971. https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534331

131
Wilson CW, editor. The pilgrimage of the Russian abbot Daniel in the Holy Land, 1106-1107 A.D. London: : Palestine Pilgrims’ Text Society 1888. https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534281

132
Benjamin of Tudela. The itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela. In: Adler EN, ed. Jewish travellers. London: : Routledge 2014. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=201215

133
Ibn Jubayr M ibn A. The travels of Ibn Jubayr: being the chronicle of a mediaeval Spanish Moor concerning his journey to the Egypt of Saladin, the holy cities of Arabia, Baghdad the city of the caliphs, the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, and the Norman kingdom of Sicily. New Delhi: : Goodwood Books 2007.

134
Matthews CD, editor. Palestine-Mohammedan Holy Land. New Haven: : Yale University Press 1949. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.88352

135
Burhan ad-Din Ibn al-Firkah al-Fazari. The Book of Arousing Souls to Visit Jerusalem’s Holy Walls. In: Matthews CD, ed. Palestine-Mohammedan Holy Land. New Haven: : Yale University Press 1949. 1–42.https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.88352

136
Abu l’Fida. The Book of Inciting Desire. In: Matthews CD, ed. Palestine-Mohammedan Holy Land. New Haven: : Yale University Press 1949. 43–139.https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.88352/2015.88352.Palestine-Mohammedan-Holy-Land#page/n17/mode/2up

137
Drory J. Some observations during a visit to Palestine by Ibn al-’Arabi of Seville in 1092- 1095. Crusades 2004;3:101–24.

138
Brett M. Abbasids, Fatimids and Seljuqs. In: The new Cambridge medieval history. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2004. 675–720.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111.026

139
Humphreys S. Zengids, Ayyubids and Seljuqs. In: Riley-Smith JSC, Luscombe D, eds. The new Cambridge medieval history. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2004. 721–52.https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/new-cambridge-medieval-history/zengids-ayyubids-and-seljuqs/DF28E6705A3585BB9AAA1F9D3BF862DC

140
Ellenblum R. The Collapse of the Eastern Mediterranean: Climate Change and the Decline of the East, 950–1072. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2012. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139151054

141
Holt PM. The age of the Crusades: the Near East from the eleventh century to 1517. London: : Longman 1986. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1602170

142
Holt PM. The Eastern Mediterranean lands in the period of the Crusades. Warminster: : Aris and Phillips 1977.

143
Lewis B. The Isma’ilites and the Assassins. In: Setton KM, Baldwin MW, eds. A history of the Crusades, vol. I: The first hundred years. Madison: : University of Wisconsin Press 1969. 99–133.http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusOne

144
Herzig E, Stewart S, editors. The age of the Seljuqs. London: : I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd 2015.

145
Griffith SH. The monks of Palestine and the growth of Christian literature in Arabic. The Muslim World 1988;78:1–28. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1988.tb02807.x

146
Gil M. A history of Palestine, 634-1099. 1st pbk ed. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1992.

147
Pahlitzsch J. The Melkites in Fatimid Egypt and Syria (1021–1171). Medieval Encounters 2015;21:485–515. doi:10.1163/15700674-12342207

148
Le Strange G. Palestine under the Moslems: a description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. London: : Palestine Exploration Fund by Alexander P. Watt 1890. https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lest#page/n7/mode/2up

149
Mouton J-M. Le Sinai de la Conquete arabe a nos jours. Le Caire: : Institut français d’archéologie orientale 2001.

150
Mouton J-M. Le sinai medieval un espace strategique de l’islam. Paris: : Presses universitaires de France 2000.

151
Hillenbrand C. The First Crusade and the Muslims’ initial reactions to the coming of the Franks. In: The Crusades: Islamic perspectives. Edinburgh: : Edinburgh University Press 1999. 31–88.

152
Irwin R. The impact of the early crusades in the Muslim World. In: La Primera Cruzada, novecientos años después : el Concilio de Clermont y los orígenes del movimiento cruzado. Madrid: : García-Guijarro Ramos 1997. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c61c1ef4-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099

153

154
Hitti PK. The impact of the crusades on Eastern Christianity. In: Medieval and Middle Eastern studies : in honor of Aziz Suryal Atiya. Leiden: : Brill 1972. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=143e9d36-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

155
Talmon-Heller D, Kedar BZ. Did muslim survivors of the 1099 massacre of Jerusalem settle in Damascus? the true origins of the al-.(S)āli.(h)iyya suburb. Al-Masaq 2005;17:165–9. doi:10.1080/09503110500222237

156
Edbury PW. Law and custom in the Latin East: les letres dou sepulcre. Mediterranean Historical Review 1995;10:71–9. doi:10.1080/09518969508569684

157
Sidelko P. Muslim taxation under Crusader rule. In: Gervers M, Powell JM, eds. Tolerance and intolerance: social conflict in the age of the Crusades. Syracuse, N.Y.: : Syracuse University Press 2001. 65–74.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=42c043fd-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099

158
Tolan J. The legal status of religious minorities in the medieval Mediterranean world: a comparative study. In: Hybride Kulturen im mittelalterlichen Europa: Vorträge und Workshops einer internationalen Frühlingsschule = Hybrid cultures in medieval Europe: papers and workshops of an international spring school. Berlin: : Akademie Verlag 2010. 141–9.http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/63/92/62/PDF/legal_status.pdf

159
Kedar B K. The subjected Muslims of the Frankish Levant. In: Muslims under Latin rule, 1100-1300. Princeton, NJ: : Princeton University Press 2014. 135–74.http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1700455

160
Prawer J. Social Classes in the Crusader States: the ‘Minorities’. In: Zacour NP, Hazard HW, eds. The impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Madison: : University of Wisconsin Press 1985. 59–116.http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusFive

161
Sinibaldi M, Lewis KJ, Major B, et al., editors. Crusader landscapes in the Medieval Levant: the archaeology and history of the Latin East. Cardiff: : Univertiy of Wales Press 2016.

162
Riley-Smith J. Feudal nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277. London: : Palgrave Macmillan Limited 1973. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781349154982

163
Buck AD. The principality of Antioch and its frontiers in the twelfth century. Woodbridge, Suffolk: : The Boydell Press 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4793132

164
Dajani-Shakeel H. Displacement of the Palestinians during the crusades. The Muslim World 1978;68:157–75. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1978.tb03351.x

165
Clifford WW, Conermann S. State formation and the structure of politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648-741 A.H./1250-1340 C.E. Göttingen: : V&R unipress 2013. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1135700

166
Riley-Smith JSC. Government and the indigenous in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. In: Abulafia D, Berend N, eds. Medieval frontiers: concepts and practices. Aldershot: : Ashgate 2002. 121–31.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=b38b724b-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

167
Riley-Smith J. Government in Latin Syria and the Commercial Privileges of Foreign Merchants. In: Baker D, ed. Relations between East and West in the Middle Ages. Edinburgh: : Edinburgh University Press 1973. 109–32.http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02965

168
Riley-Smith JSC. The survival in Latin Palestine of Muslim administration. In: The Eastern Mediterranean lands in the period of the Crusades. Warminster: : Aris and Phillips 1977. 9–22.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=d092fda0-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

169
Riley-Smith JSC. Some Lesser Officials in Latin Syria. The English Historical Review 1972;87:1–26.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/563785

170
MacEvitt C. Christian Authority in the Latin East: Edessa in Crusader History. In: Ridyard SJ, ed. The medieval crusade. Woodbridge, Suffolk: : Boydell Press 2004. 71–83.

171
Kedar BZ. On the Origins of the Earliest Laws of Frankish Jerusalem: The Canons of the Council of Nablus, 1120. Speculum 1999;74:310–35.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2887049

172
Bishop AM. Usama ibn Munqidh and Crusader law in the 12th century. Crusades 2013;12.

173
Hamilton B. The leper king and his heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2000.

174
Perry GJM. John of Brienne: King of Jerusalem, Emperor of Constantinople, c.1175-1237. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2013. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1543642

175
Jacoby D. The Fonde of Crusader Acre and Its Tariff. Some New Considerations. In: Dei gesta per Francos: etudes sur les croisades dédiées à Jean Richard, crusade studies in honour of Jean Richard. Aldershot: : Ashgate 2001. 277–93.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=10a3f51a-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

176
Nader M. Urban Muslims, Latin Laws, and Legal Institutions in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Medieval Encounters 2007;13:243–70. doi:10.1163/157006707X194986

177
Prawer J. Crusader institutions. Oxford: : Clarendon 1980.

178
J. Prawer. The Assise de Teneure and the Assise de Vente: A Study of Landed Property in the Latin Kingdom. The Economic History Review 1951;4:77–87.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2591658

179
Murray AV. The origins of the Frankish nobility of the kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100–1118. Mediterranean Historical Review 1989;4:281–300. doi:10.1080/09518968908569574

180
Folda J. Images of Queen Melisende in Manuscripts of William of Tyre’s History of Outremer: 1250-1300. Gesta 1993;32:97–112.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/767168

181
Hamilton B. Women in the crusader states: the queens of Jerusalem (1100-1190). In: Medieval women. Oxford: : Basil Blackwell for the Ecclesiastical History Society 1978. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=16a0ed83-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

182
Lewis KJ. The counts of Tripoli and Lebanon in the twelfth century: sons of Saint-Gilles. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: : Routledge 2017.

183
Beech GT. A Norman-Italian Adventurer in the East: Richard of Salerno, 1097-1112. In: Anglo-Norman studies, 15: Proceedings of the XV Battle Conference and of the XI Colloquio Medievale of the Officina di studi medievali, 1992. Woodbridge: : Boydell 1993. 25–40.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=41c043fd-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099

184
Hamilton B. The Elephant of Christ: Reynald of Châtillon. In: Religious motivation: biographical and sociological problems for the church historian. Papers read at the sixteenth summer meeting and the seventeenth winter meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: : Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by Blackwell 1978. 97–108.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=a1031a11-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

185
Richard J. The adventure of John Gale, Knight of Tyre. In: The experience of crusading: Vol. 2: Defining the Crusader kingdom. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2003. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=edd73b5d-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

186
Christie N. Just a bunch of dirty stories? Women in the ‘memoirs’ of Usamah Ibn Munquidh. In: Allen R, ed. Eastward bound: travel and travellers, 1050-1550. Manchester: : Manchester University Press 2004. 71–87.

187
Hirschler K. Ibn Wāsil: An Ayyubid Perspective on Frankish Lordships and Crusades. In: Medieval Muslim historians and the Franks in the Levant. Boston: : Brill 2014.

188
Haddad WZ. The Crusaders Through Muslim Eyes. The Muslim World 1983;73:234–52. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1983.tb03266.x

189
Ḳedar BZ. Crusaders and Franks: studies in the history of the Crusades and the Frankish Levant. London: : Routledge 2017. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=ce8e33b3-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

190
Jotischky A. Politics and the Crown in the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099-1187. History Compass 2015;13:589–98. doi:10.1111/hic3.12257

191
Mayer HE. Latins, Muslims and Greeks in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. History 1978;63:175–92. doi:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1978.tb02360.x

192
Ellenblum R. Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1998. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=0bc8f254-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

193
Pringle D. Magna Mahumeria (al-Bira): the archaeology of a Frankish new town in Palestine. In: Fortification and settlement in crusader Palestine. Aldershot: : Variorum 2000. X:147-168.

194
Prawer J. The Italians in the Latin Kingdom. In: Crusader institutions. Oxford: : Clarendon 1980. 217–49.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c2c937a9-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

195
Ellenblum R. Colonization Activities in the Frankish East: The Example of Castellum Regis (Mi’ilya). The English Historical Review 1996;111:104–22.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/577863

196
Prawer J. The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem: European colonialism in the Middle Ages. London: : Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1972.

197
Prawer J. Colonization Activities in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire 1951;29:1063–118. doi:10.3406/rbph.1951.2115

198
J. Prawer. The Settlement of the Latins in Jerusalem. Speculum 1952;27:490–503.http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org./stable/10.2307/2850477?origin=api

199
Prawer J. The Jerusalem the crusaders captured: a contribution to the medieval topography of the city. In: Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail. Cardiff: : University College Cardiff Press 1985. 1–16.

200
Mack M. The Italian quarters of Frankish Tyre: mapping a medieval city. Journal of Medieval History 2007;33:147–65. doi:10.1016/j.jmedhist.2007.04.006

201
Kedar BZ, Al-Hajjuj M. Muslim villagers of the Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem. Some demographic and onomastic data. In: Itineraires d’Orient : hommages a Claude Cahen. Bures-sur-Yvette: : Groupe pour l’étude de la civilisation du Moyen-Orient 1994. 141–56.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=717da82e-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

202
Aslanov C. Languages in Contact in the Latin East: Acre and Cyprus. Crusades 2002;1:155–81.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=dfa79ccf-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099

203
Hillenbrand C. Aspects of Life in the Levant in the Crusading Period. In: The Crusades: Islamic perspectives. Edinburgh: : Edinburgh University Press 1999. 329–429.

204
Jacoby D. Aspects of everyday life in Frankish Acre. Crusades 2005;4:73–105.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=24a4d2d9-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099

205
Boas AJ. Crusader archaeology: the material culture of the Latin East. Second edition. Abingdon, Oxon: : Routledge 1999. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781315707372

206
Boas AJ. Domestic settings: sources on domestic architecture and day-to-day activities in the Crusader states. Leiden: : Brill 2010. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=583713

207
Ciggaar K. Glimpses of life in Outremer in Exempla and Miracula. In: Ciggaar KN, Teule HGB, eds. East and West in the Crusader states: context, contacts, confrontations, vol. II. Leuven: : Uitgeverij Peeters 1999. 131–52.

208
Holmes UT. Life among the Europeans in Palestine and Syria in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. In: Hazard HW, Setton K, eds. A History of the Crusades, vol. IV: The art and architecture of the crusader states. Madison: : University of Wisconsin Press 1977. 3–35.http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusFour

209
Lindsay JE. Daily life in the medieval Islamic world. Indianapolis, Ind: : Hackett Pub. Co 2008.

210
Mitchell PD, Tepper Y. Intestinal parasitic worm eggs from a crusader period cesspool in the city of Acre (Israel). Levant 2007;39:91–5. doi:10.1179/lev.2007.39.1.91

211
Pringle D. Medievel Pottery from Caesarea: The Crusader Period. Levant 1985;17:171–202. doi:10.1179/lev.1985.17.1.171

212
Epstein SA. Hybridity. In: Horden P, Kinoshita S, eds. A companion to Mediterranean history. Chichester, West Sussex: : Wiley Blackwell 2014. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118519356

213
Epstein SA. The perception of difference. In: Purity lost: transgressing boundaries in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1000-1400, Epstein: 1000-1400. Baltimore, MD: : Johns Hopkins University Press 2006. 9–51.

214
Knobler A. The Power of Distance: The Transformation of European Perceptions of Self and Other, 1100-1600. Medieval Encounters 2013;19:434–80. doi:10.1163/15700674-12342146

215
Edwards R. Cosmopolitan Imaginaries. In: Ganim JM, ed. Cosmopolitanism and the Middle Ages. Basingstoke: : Palgrave Macmillan 2013. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137045096

216
König D. Caught Between Cultures? Bicultural Personalities as Cross-Cultural Transmitters in the Late Antique and Medieval Mediterranean. In: Abdellatif R, Benhima Y, König D, et al., eds. Acteurs des transferts culturels en Méditerranée médiévale. München: : Oldenbourg 2012. 56–72.http://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/217372

217
Catlos BA. Ethno-Religious Minorities. In: Horden P, Kinoshita S, eds. A companion to Mediterranean history. Chichester, West Sussex: : Wiley Blackwell 2014. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118519356

218
Jackson DEP. Some considerations relating to the history of the Muslims in the Crusader States. In: Ciggaar KN, Davids A, Teule HGB, eds. East and West in the Crusader states: context, contacts, confrontations, vol. I. Leuven: : Uitgeverij Peeters 1996. 21–9.

219
Lewis KJ. Medieval Diglossia: The Diversity of the Latin Christian Encounter with Written and Spoken Arabic in the "Crusader” County of Tripoli , with a Hitherto Unpublished Arabic Note from the Principality of Antioch (MS, AOM 3, Valletta: National Library of Malta, no. 51v). Al-Masaq 2015;27:119–52. doi:10.1080/09503110.2015.1049419

220
Hermes NF. The (European) other in Medieval Arabic literature and culture: Ninth-twelfth century AD. Basingstoke: : Palgrave Macmillan 2012. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137081650

221
Kedar BZ, Aslanov C. Problems in the study of trans-cultural borrowing in the Frankish Levant. In: Hybride Kulturen im mittelalterlichen Europa : Vorträge und Workshops einer internationalen Frühlingsschule = Hybrid cultures in medieval Europe : papers and workshops of an international spring school / herausgegeben von Michael Borgolte und Bernd Schneidmüller. Berlin: : Akademie Verlag 2010. 277–85.https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1345907

222
Tolan J. Exile and identity. In: Expulsion and Diaspora Formation: Religious and Ethnic Identities in Flux from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century. Brepols Publishers 2015.

223
Tolan J. The legal status of religious minorities in the medieval Mediterranean world: a comparative study. In: Borgolte M, Schneidmüller B, eds. Hybride Kulturen im mittelalterlichen Europa: Vorträge und Workshops einer internationalen Frühlingsschule = Hybrid cultures in medieval Europe : papers and workshops of an international spring school. Berlin: : Akademie Verlag 2010. 141–9.http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1345907

224
Rubenstein J. Cannibals and Crusaders. French Historical Studies 2008;31:525–52. doi:10.1215/00161071-2008-005

225
Ciggaar KN, Davids A, Teule HGB, et al. Ethnographic attitudes in the Crusader States: the Franks and the indigenous Orthodox people. In: East and West in the Crusader states: context, contacts, confrontations. Leuven: : Uitgeverij Peeters 1996. 1–19.

226
Jotischky A. Ethnic and Religious Categories in the Treatment of Jews and Muslims in the Crusader States. In: Renton J, Gidley B, eds. Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe. London: : Palgrave Macmillan UK 2017. 25–49. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-41302-4_2

227
Reiner E. Jewish Response to the Crusades. The Dispute over Sacred Places in the Holy Land. Juden und Christen zur Zeit der Kreuzzüge Published Online First: 1999.https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/vuf/article/view/17579/11387

228
Dajani-Shakeel H. Natives and Franks in Palestine: perceptions and interaction. In: Conversion and continuity: indigenous Christian communities in Islamic lands, eighth to eighteenth centuries. Toronto, Ont., Canada: : Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies 1990. 161–84.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=a2031a11-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

229
Kedar BZ. Latins and oriental Christians in the Frankish Levant, 1099–1291. In: Franks, Muslims and oriental Christians in the Latin Levant: studies in frontier acculturation. Aldershot, Hants: : Ashgate Variorum 2006. 209–22.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=5fde9766-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

230
MacEvitt CH. The crusades and the Christian world of the East: rough tolerance. Philadelphia: : University of Pennsylvania Press 2008. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3441447

231
Smail RC. Was there a Franco-Syrian Nation? In: The Crusaders in Syria and the Holy Land. London: : Thames and Hudson 1973. 182–7.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c3c937a9-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

232
Goitein SD, Gustave E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies, American Council of Learned Societies. A Mediterranean society: the Jewish communities of the Arab world as portrayed in the documents of the Cairo Geniza. Berkeley: : University of California Press 1967. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00888

233
Christie N. Just a bunch of dirty stories? Women in the ‘memoirs’ of Usamah Ibn Munquidh. In: Allen R, ed. Eastward bound: travel and travellers, 1050-1550. Manchester: : Manchester University Press 2004. 71–87.

234
Dajani-Shakeel H. Some aspects of Muslim-Frankish Christian relations in the Sham region in the twelfth century. In: Christian-Muslim encounters. Gainesville: : University Press of Florida 1995. 193–209.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=2d78c0e3-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099

235
Freidenreich DM. Foreigners and their food: constructing otherness in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic law. Berkeley, Calif: : University of California Press 2011. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520253216.001.0001

236
Pahlitzsch J. The Melkites in Fatimid Egypt and Syria (1021–1171). Medieval Encounters 2015;21:485–515. doi:10.1163/15700674-12342207

237
Jacoby D, Arbel B, Hamilton B. Latins and Greeks in the Eastern Mediterranean after 1204. London: : Frank Cass 1989.

238
Balard M, Ducellier A. L’impantation des Latins en Asie Mineure avant la Premiere Croisade. In: Migrations et diasporas mediterraneennes Xe-XVIe siecles): actes du colloque de Conques. Paris: : Publications de la Sorbonne 2002. 115–24.

239
Kedar BZ. The crusading kingdom of Jerusalem: the first European colonial society? A Symposium. In: Kedar BZ, ed. The Horns of Hattin. Variourum 1992. 341–66.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=d760b0eb-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099

240
Mallett A. The "Other” in the Crusading Period: Walter the Chancellor’s Presentation of Najm al-Dīn Il-Ghāzī. Al-Masaq 2010;22:113–28. doi:10.1080/09503110.2010.488887

241
Murray AV. Ethnic identity in the crusader states: the Frankish race and the settlement of Outremer. In: Forde S, Johnson L, Murray AV, eds. Concepts of National Identity in the Middle Ages. Leeds: 1995. 59–73.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=38deff97-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

242
Kedar BZ. Some new sources on Palestinian Muslims before and during the crusades. In: Die Kreuzfahrerstaaten als multikulturelle Gesellschaft: Einwanderer und Minderheiten im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert. München: : R. Oldenbourg 1997. 234–52.

243
Kamal S. Salibi. The Maronites of Lebanon under Frankish and Mamluk Rule (1099-1516). Arabica 1957;:288–303.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4055054

244
Georges Jehel. Les Bedouins entre Syrie et Egypte au temps des croisades. In: Questions d’histoire Orient et Occident DU IX AU XVe Siecle. Ed. du Temps 293–301.

245
Menache S. When Jesus met Mohammed in the Holy Land: Attitudes toward the "Other” in the Crusader Kingdom. Medieval Encounters 2009;15:66–85. doi:10.1163/138078508X286833

246
Reiner E. Jewish Response to the Crusades. The Dispute over Sacred Places in the Holy Land. Juden und Christen zur Zeit der Kreuzzüge Published Online First: 1999.https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/vuf/article/view/17579/11387

247
Prawer J. The history of the Jews in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Oxford, Clarendon, 1988: : Clarendon 1988. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=ecd73b5d-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

248
Pahlitzsch J, Baraz D. Christian communities in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099-1187 CE). In: Christians and Christianity in the Holy Land: from the origins to the Latin Kingdoms. Turnhout: : Brepols 2006. 205–35.

249
Murray AV. The origins of the frankish nobility of the kingdom of jerusalem, 1100–1118. Mediterranean Historical Review 1989;4:281–300. doi:10.1080/09518968908569574

250
Asbridge TS. The ‘Crusader’ Community at Antioch: The Impact of Interaction with Byzantium and Islam. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 1999;9. doi:10.2307/3679407

251
Ciggaar K. Cultural identities in Antioch (969-1268): Integration and desintegration - new texts and images. In: Borgolte M, Schneidmüller B, eds. Hybride Kulturen im mittelalterlichen Europa: Vorträge und Workshops einer internationalen Frühlingsschule = Hybrid cultures in medieval Europe : papers and workshops of an international spring school. Berlin: : Akademie Verlag 2010. 105–22.http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1345907

252
Murray AV. How Norman was the Principality of Antioch? Prolegomena to a study of the origins of the nobility of a crusader state. In: Keats-Rohan KSB, ed. Family trees and the roots of politics: the prosopography of Britain and France from the tenth to the twelfth century. Woodbridge: : Boydell Press 1997. 349–59.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=727da82e-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

253
Ellenblum R. Crusader castles and modern histories. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2007. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=288456

254
Pringle D. Castles and frontiers in the Latin East. In: Stringer KJ, Jotischky A, eds. Norman expansion: connections, continuities and contrasts. Farnham, Surrey: : Ashgate Publishing Limited 2013. 227–39.https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1336209

255
Molin K. The non-military functions of crusader fortifications, 1187-circa 1380. Journal of Medieval History 1997;23:367–88. doi:10.1016/S0304-4181(97)00009-2

256
Berend N. Medievalists and the Notion of the Frontier. The Medieval History Journal 1999;2:55–72. doi:10.1177/097194589900200104

257
Ellenblum R. Were there borders and borderlines in the Middle Ages? The example of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. In: Abulafia D, Berend N, eds. Medieval frontiers: concepts and practices. Aldershot: : Ashgate 2002. 105–19.

258
Smail RC. Crusading warfare, 1097-1193. 2nd ed. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1995. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=d192fda0-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

259
Brauer RW. Boundaries and Frontiers in Medieval Muslim Geography. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 1995;85. doi:10.2307/1006658

260
Ellenblum R. Frontier activities: the transformation of a Muslim sacred site into the Frankish castle of Vadum Iacob. Crusades 2003;2:83–97.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=e0a79ccf-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099

261
Buck AD. The principality of Antioch and its frontiers in the twelfth century. Woodbridge, Suffolk: : The Boydell Press 2017. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4793132

262
Ralph W. Brauer. Boundaries and Frontiers in Medieval Muslim Geography. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 1995;85:1–73.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1006658

263
Kennedy H. Crusader castles. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1994. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511523175

264
Pringle D. Fortification and settlement in crusader Palestine. Aldershot: : Variorum 2000.

265
Burns RI. The Significance of the Frontier in the Middle Ages. In: Medieval frontier societies. Oxford: : Clarendon 1989. 307–30.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203612.001.0001

266
Halperin CJ. The Ideology of Silence: Prejudice and Pragmatism on the Medieval Religious Frontier. Comparative Studies in Society and History 1984;26. doi:10.1017/S0010417500011099

267
Naum M. Re-emerging Frontiers: Postcolonial Theory and Historical Archaeology of the Borderlands. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 2010;17:101–31.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40784756

268
Abulafia D. Introduction: Seven types of ambiguity, c. 1100 - c. 1500. In: Medieval frontiers: concepts and practices. Aldershot: : Ashgate 2002. 1–34.

269
How to End Holy War: Negotiations and Peace Treaties between Muslims and Crusaders in the Latin East. Common Knowledge;21:83–103.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/566021

270
Friedman Y. Encounter between enemies: captivity and ransom in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Leiden: : Brill 2002.

271
Dunbabin J. Captivity and imprisonment in Medieval Europe, 1000-1300. Basingstoke, Hampshire: : Palgrave Macmillan 2002. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781403940278

272
Friedman Y. Peacemaking in the Middle Ages: Principles and Practice. Medieval Review 2011.

273
Friedman Y. Charity Begins At Home? Ransoming Captives In Jewish, Christian And Muslim Tradition. Studia Hebraica 2006;6.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=12634

274
Hamilton B. The Latin Church in the Crusader States. In: East and West in the Crusader states: context, contacts, confrontations. Acta of the congress held at Hernen Castle in May 1993. Uitgeverij Peeters 1996. 1–20.

275
Hamilton B. Relations with the Orthodox, 1098-1187. In: The Latin Church in the Crusader states: the secular church. London: : Variorum 1980. 159–87.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=cd8e33b3-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

276
Riley-Smith J. The Latin Clergy and the Settlement in Palestine and Syria, 1098-1100. The Catholic Historical Review 1988;74:539–57.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25022893

277
Hamilton B. The Latin Church in the Crusader states: the secular church. London: : Variorum 1980.

278
Hamilton B. The spiritual work of the Latin Church in Syria. In: The Latin Church in the Crusader states: the secular church. London: : Variorum 1980. 361–70.

279
Stuckey J, editor. The Armenian Church and the Papacy at the Time of the Crusades. In: The Eastern Mediterranean frontier of Latin Christendom. Farnham, Surrey: : Ashgate 2014. 190–163.

280
Riley-Smith J. The holy places and the patriarchates of Jerusalem. In: The crusades: a history. London: : Bloomsbury Academic 2014. 71–100.

281
Pringle D. The churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: a corpus. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1993.

282
Jotischky A. Gerard of Nazareth, Mary Magdalene and Latin Relations with the Greek Orthodox in the Crusader East in the Twelfth Century. Levant 1997;29:217–26. doi:10.1179/lev.1997.29.1.217

283
Donnadieu J. Jacques de Vitry (1175/1180-1240): entre l’Orient et l’Occident. Turnhout: : Brepols Publishers 2014.

284
Marshall W. Baldwin. Ecclesiastical Developments in the Twelfth Century Crusaders’ State of Tripolis. The Catholic Historical Review 1936;22:149–71.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25013477

285
Kedar BZ. Ecclesiastical legislation in the Kingdom of Jerusalem: the statutes of Jaffa (1253) and Acre (1254). In: Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to R.C. Smail. Cardiff: : University College Cardiff Press 1985. 225–30.

286
Hamilton B. Latins and Georgians and the Crusader Kingdom. Al-Masaq 2011;23:117–24. doi:10.1080/09503110.2011.580630

287
Hamilton B. Ideals of Holiness: Crusaders, Contemplatives, and Mendicants. The International History Review 1995;17:693–712.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40107439

288
Jotischky A. St Sabas and the Palestinian Monastic Network under Crusader Rule. In: Gregory J, McLeod H, eds. International Religious Networks. Woodbridge: : Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by the Boydell Press 2012. 9–19.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=0fa3f51a-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

289
Slater L. Recreating the Judean Hills? English hermits and the Holy Land. Journal of Medieval History 2016;42:603–26. doi:10.1080/03044181.2016.1219271

290
Jotischky A. The perfection of solitude: hermits and monks in the Crusader States. University Park, Pa: : Pennsylvania State University Press 1995. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=f904a107-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

291
Jotischky A. The Carmelites and antiquity: Mendicants and their pasts in the Middle Ages. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2002. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206347.001.0001

292
Daniella Talmon Heller. The Shaykh and the Community: Popular Hanbalite Islam in 12th-13th Century Jabal Nablus and Jabal Qasyūn. Studia Islamica 1994;:103–20.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595838

293
Couroucli M. Shared Sacred Places. In: Horden P, Kinoshita S, eds. A companion to Mediterranean history. Chichester, West Sussex: : Wiley Blackwell 2014. 378–91. doi:10.1002/9781118519356.ch24

294
Kedar B. Holy Men in a Holy Land: Christian, Muslim and Jewish Religiosity in the Near East at the Time of the Crusades. Hayes Robinson Lecture Series 2005;9.https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/history/documents/pdf/events/hrkedar.pdf

295
Weber E. Sharing the sites: medieval Jewish travellers to the Land of Israel. In: Allen R, ed. Eastward bound: travel and travellers, 1050-1550. Manchester: : Manchester University Press 2004. 35–52.

296
Reiner E. Jewish Response to the Crusades. The Dispute over Sacred Places in the Holy Land. Juden und Christen zur Zeit der Kreuzzüge Published Online First: 1999.https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/vuf/article/view/17579/11387

297
Jotischky A. Pilgrimage, Procession and Ritual Encounters between Christians and Muslims in the Crusader States. In: Jensen KV, Salonen K, Vogt H, eds. Cultural encounters during the crusades. Odense: : University Press of Southern Denmark 2013. 245–62.

298
Kedar BZ. Convergences of Oriental Christian, Muslim and Frankish worshippers: the case of Saydnaya and the Knights Templar. In: Hunyadi Z, Laszlovszky J, eds. The Crusades and the military orders: expanding the frontiers of medieval Latin Christianity. Budapest: : Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University 2001. 89–100.

299
Chareyron N. Pilgrims to Jerusalem in the Middle Ages. New York: : Columbia University Press 2005.

300
Eade J, Sallnow MJ. Contesting the sacred: the anthropology of Christian pilgrimage. London: : Routledge 1991.

301
Talmon-Heller D. Islamic piety in medieval Syria: mosques, cemeteries and sermons under the Zangids and Ayyūbids (1146-1260). Leiden: : Brill 2007. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=468445

302
Irwin R. Palestine in late medieval Islamic spirituality and culture. In: Holmes C, Russell E, eds. Byzantines, Latins, and Turks in the eastern Mediterranean world after 1150. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2012. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=d860b0eb-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099

303
Baumgärtner I. Burchard of Mount Sion and the Holy Land. Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art & Architecture 2013;4:5–41.https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal/vol4/iss1/2/

304
Cobb P. Virtual Sacrality: Making Muslim Syria Sacred Before the Crusades. Medieval Encounters 2002;8:35–55. doi:10.1163/157006702320365931

305
Friedman Y, Furstenberg-Levi S. Pilgrimage Guides to the Holy Land: Past and Present. Journeys 2017;18. doi:10.3167/jys.2017.180102

306
Elad A. Pilgrims and pilgrimage to Hebron (al-Khalil) during the early Muslim period (638 ?- 1099). In: LeBeau BF, Mor M, eds. Pilgrims and travelers to the Holy Land. 7th Symposium of the Philip M. and Ethel Klutznik Chair in Jewish Civilization. Omaha: : Creighton U.P. 1996. 21–62.

307
Jacoby D. Pilgrimage in crusader Acre: The Pardouns d’Acre. In: Hen Y, ed. De Sion exibit lex et verbum domini de Hierusalem: essays on medieval law, liturgy, and literature in honour of Amnon Linder. Turnhout: : Brepols 2001. 105–17.

308
Hamilton B. Our Lady of Saidnaya: an orthodox shrine revered by Muslims and knights Templar at the time of the crusades. In: Swanson RN, ed. The Holy Land, holy lands, and Christian history: papers read at the 1998 Summer Meeting and the 1999 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Woodbridge, Suffolk: : Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by the Boydell Press 2000. 207–15.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=64741c25-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

309
George Tvrtković R. A Christian pilgrim in medieval Iraq: Riccoldo da Montecroce’s encounter with Islam. Turnhout: : Brepols 2012.

310
Weber E. Sharing the sites: ‘Medieval Jewish Travellers to the Land of Israel. In: Allen R, ed. Eastward bound: travel and travellers, 1050-1550. Manchester: : Manchester University Press 2004. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=17a0ed83-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

311
Limor O. ‘Holy journey’: pilgrimage and christian sacred landscape. In: Christians and Christianity in the Holy Land: from the origins to the Latin Kingdoms. Turnhout: : Brepols 2006. 321–54.

312
Limor O. Sharing Sacred Space: Holy Places in Jerusalem Between Christianity, Judaism and Islam. In: In laudem hierosolymitani: studies in crusades and medieval culture in honour of Benjamin Z. Kedar, Kedar: Ronnie Ellenblum and Jonathan Riley-Smith. Aldershot: : Ashgate 2007. 219–31.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=2e78c0e3-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099

313
Lapina E. Demetrius of Thessaloniki: Patron Saint of Crusaders. Viator 2009;40:93–112. doi:10.1484/J.VIATOR.1.100423

314
Meri JW. The cult of saints among Muslims and Jews in medieval Syria. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2002. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250783.001.0001

315
Savage HL. Pilgrimages and Pilgrim Shrines in Palestine and Syria after 1095. In: Hazard HW, Setton KM, eds. The art and architecture of the crusader states. Madison: : University of Wisconsin Press 1977. http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusFour

316
Seligman J, Abu Raya R. A Shrine of Three Religions on the Mount of Olives: Tomb of Hulda the Prophetess; Grotto of Saint Pelagia; Tomb of Rabi’a Al-’Adawiyya. ’Atiqot 2001;42:221–36.

317
Elad A. Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic worship: holy places, ceremonies, pilgrimage. Leiden: : E.J. Brill 1995.

318
Frenkel Y. Muslim pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Mamluk period. In: Pilgrims and travelers to the Holy Land. Symposium of the Philip M. and Ethel Klutznik Chair in Jewish Civilization. Omaha: : Creighton U.P. 1996.

319
Hamilton B. Rebuilding Zion: the holy places of Jerusalem in the twelfth century. In: Renaissance and renewal in Christian history: papers read at the fifteenth summer meeting and the sixteenth winter meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Oxford: : Published for the Ecclesiastical History Society by Basil Blackwell 1977. 105–16.

320
Morris C. The sepulchre of Christ and the medieval West: from the beginning to 1600. Oxford: : Oxford University Press 2005. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=422673

321
Kedar BZ. Multidirectional Conversion in the Frankish Levant. In: Muldoon J, ed. Varieties of religious conversion in the Middle Ages. Gainesville: : University Press of Florida 1997. 190–9.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=133e9d36-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

322
Forey A. The military orders 1120-1312. In: Riley-Smith, Jonathan 1938-2016, ed. The Oxford history of the Crusades. Oxford, [England]: : Oxford University Press 1999. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=537613

323
Kedar BZ. A twelfth-century description of the Jerusalem Hospital. In: Nicholson H, ed. The military orders.Vol. 2, Welfare and warfare. Aldershot: : Ashgate Variorum 1998. 3–26.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=3e8acd78-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

324
Morton N. The medieval military orders: 1120-1314. Abingdon, Oxon: : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2014. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315833309

325
Riley-Smith JSC. The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, c.1070-1309. Basingstoke: : Palgrave Macmillan 2012.

326
Forey A. The military orders and the conversion of Muslims in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Journal of Medieval History 2002;28.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.sciencedirect.com./science/article/pii/S0304418101000148?np=y

327
Riley-Smith J. Templars and Hospitallers as professed religious in the Holy Land. Notre Dame, Ind: : University of Notre Dame Press 2010. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3440966

328
Michaudel B. Fall and Rise of the Hospitaller and Templar Castles in Syria at the End of the Thirteenth Century. In: Piana M, Carlsson C, eds. Archaeology and architecture of the military orders: new studies. Farnham, Surrey: : Ashgate Publishing Limited 2014. 69–82.

329
Pringle D. The Templars in Acre c. 1150–1291. Bulletin of the Council for British Research in the Levant 2007;2:29–34. doi:10.1179/cbrl.2007.2.1.29

330
Schenk J. Nomadic violence in the First Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and the military orders. Reading Medieval Studies 2010;36:39–55.https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/84229/1/RMS-2010-04_J._G._Schenk%2C_Nomadic_Violence_in_the_First_Latin_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem_and_the_Military_Orders.pdf

331
Folda J. Art in the Latin East 1098-1291. In: The Oxford History of the Crusades. 1999. 138–54.http://lib.myilibrary.com/Open.aspx?id=44460&src=0

332
Georgopoulou M. Orientalism and Crusader Art: Constructing a New Canon. Medieval Encounters 1999;5:289–321. doi:10.1163/157006799X00097

333
Lucy-Anne Hunt. Art and Colonialism: The Mosaics of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem (1169) and the Problem of ‘Crusader’ Art. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 1991;45:69–85.https://www.jstor.org/stable/1291693?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

334
Jotischky A. Manuel Comnenus and the Reunion of the Churches: the Evidence of the Conciliar Mosiacs in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. Levant 1994;26:207–23. doi:10.1179/lev.1994.26.1.207

335
Kedar BZ, Aslanov C. Problems in the study of trans-cultural borrowing in the Frankish Levant. In: Borgolte M, Schneidmüller B, eds. Hybride Kulturen im mittelalterlichen Europa: Vorträge und Workshops einer internationalen Frühlingsschule = Hybrid cultures in medieval Europe: papers and workshops of an international spring school. Berlin: : Akademie Verlag 2010. 277–85.https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1345907

336
Boas AJ. Jerusalem in the time of the crusades: society, landscape and art in the Holy City under Frankish rule. London: : Routledge 2001.

337
Folda J. Crusader art: the art of the Crusaders in the Holy Land, 1099-1291. Aldershot: : Lund Humphries 2008.

338
Folda J. Crusader art in the Holy Land: from the Third Crusade to the fall of Acre, 1187-1291. Cambridge, UK: : Cambridge University Press 2005.

339
Hazard HW. The art and architecture of the crusader states. Madison: : University of Wisconsin Press 1977. https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusFour

340
Pringle D. Architecture in the Latin East 1098-1571. In: The Oxford History of the Crusades. 1999. 155–75.http://lib.myilibrary.com/Open.aspx?id=44460&src=0

341
Folda J. The Nazareth capitals and the Crusader Shrine of the Annunciation. University Park: : Published for the College Art Association of America by the Pennsylvania State University Press 1986. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06134

342
Hunt L-A. The Fine Incense of Virginity: a late twelfth century wall painting of the Annunciation at the Monastery of the Syrians, Egypt. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 1995;19:182–233. doi:10.1179/030701395790836658

343
Hunt L-A. A woman’s prayer to St Sergios in Latin Syria: interpreting a thirteenth-century icon at Mount Sinai. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 1991;15:96–146. doi:10.1179/byz.1991.15.1.96

344
Weitzmann K. Icon Painting in the Crusader Kingdom. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 1966;20:49–83.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1291242

345
Ciggaar K. Manuscripts as intermediearies. The crusader states and literary cross-fertilisation. East and West in the Crusader states: context, contacts, confrontations, vol I 1996;Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta:131–50.

346
Folda J. Twelfth-Century Crusader Art in Bethlehem and Jerusalem: Points of Contact between Europe and the Crusader Kingdom. In: Bacile R, McNeill J, eds. Romanesque and the Mediterranean: Patterns of Exchange across the Latin, Greek and Islamic Worlds c. 1000 - c. 1250. Maney Publishing 2015. 1–14.https://www.academia.edu/15507838/TWELFTH-CENTURY_PILGRIMAGE_ART_IN_BETHLEHEM_AND_JERUSALEM_POINTS_OF_CONTACT_BETWEEN_EUROPE_AND_THE_CRUSADER_KINGDOM

347
Cutler A. Everywhere and Nowhere: The invisible Muslim and Christian self-fashioning in the culture of Outremer. In: France and the Holy land: Frankish culture at the end of the crusades. Baltimore, Md: : Johns Hopkins University Press 2004. 253–81.

348
Folda J. Crusader art in the twelfth century: Reflections on Christian multiculturalism in the levant. Mediterranean Historical Review 1995;10:80–91. doi:10.1080/09518969508569685

349
Georgopoulou M. The Artistic World of the Crusaders and Oriental Christians in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Gesta 2004;43.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25067099

350
Hunt L-A. Crusader Sculpture and the So-Called ‘Templar Workshop’: A Reassessment of Two Carved Panels from the Dome of the Rock in the Haram Al-Sharif Museum in Jerusalem. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 2000;132:131–56. doi:10.1179/peq.2000.132.2.131

351
Jacoby D. Society, culture, and the Arts in crusader Acre. In: France and the Holy land: Frankish culture at the end of the crusades. Baltimore, Md: : Johns Hopkins University Press 2004. 97–137.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=63741c25-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

352
Metcalf DM. Islamic, Byzantine, and Latin Influences in the Iconography of Crusader Coins and Seals. In: East and West in the Crusader States: context, contacts, confrontations. Vol. 2. Leuven: : Uitgeverij Peeters 1999.

353
Hoffman ER. Pathways of Portability: Islamic and Christian Interchange from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century. Art History 2001;24:17–50. doi:10.1111/1467-8365.00248

354
Benjamin Z. Kedar. Gerard of Nazareth a Neglected Twelfth-Century Writer in the Latin East: A Contribution to the Intellectual and Monastic History of the Crusader States. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 1983;37:55–77.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1291477

355
Attiya HM. Knowledge of Arabic in the Crusader States in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Journal of Medieval History 1999;25:203–13.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.sciencedirect.com./science/article/pii/S0304418198000220?np=y

356
Burnett C. Antioch as link between Arabic and Latin culture in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. In: Draelants I, Tihon A, Abeele B van den, et al., eds. Occident et Proche-Orient: contacts scientifiques au temps des Croisades. Actes du colloque de Louvain-la-Neuve, 24 et 25 mars 1997. Louvain-la-Neuve: : Brepols 2000. 1–19.

357
Kedar BZ. Intellectual activities in a holy city: Jerusalem in the twelfth century. In: Kedar BZ, Werblowsky RJZ, eds. Sacred Space: Shrine, City, Land. Proceedings of the International Conference in Memory of Joshua Prawer. Aldershot: 1998. 127–39.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=3f8acd78-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

358
Burnett C. Stephen, the disciple of philosophy, and the exchange of medical learning in Antioch. Crusades 2006;5:113–29.

359
Edgington SB. Oriental and Occidental Medicine in the Crusader States. In: Kostick C, ed. The Crusades and the Near East. Abingdon, Oxon: : Routledge 2011. 189–215.https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203841976

360
Mitchell PD. Medicine in the Crusades: warfare, wounds and the medieval surgeon. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2004.

361
Savage-Smith E. New evidence for the Frankish study of Arabic medical texts in the crusader period. Crusades 2006;5:99–112.

362
Hodgson N. Conflict and cohabitation: marriage and diplomacy between Latins and Cilician Armenians, c. 1097-1253. In: Kostick C, ed. The Crusades and the Near East. Abingdon, Oxon: : Routledge 2011. 83–106.https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203841976

363
Horden, P., Purcell, N. Connectivity. In: Horden P, Purcell N, eds. The corrupting sea: a study of Mediterranean history. Oxford: : Blackwell 2000. 123–72.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=60de9766-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

364
Köhler M. Alliances and treaties between Frankish and Muslim rulers in the Middle East: cross-cultural diplomacy in the period of the Crusades. Leiden: : Brill 2013. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1498694

365
Epstein SA. Treaties and diplomacy. In: Epstein S, ed. Purity lost: transgressing boundaries in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1000-1400, Epstein: 1000-1400. Baltimore, MD: : Johns Hopkins University Press 2006. 96–136.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c2260640-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

366
Edbury PW, Metcalf DM. Coinage in the Latin East. Oxford: : B.A.R. 1980.

367
Goldberg J. Merchants in their community. In: Trade and Institutions in the Medieval Mediterranean. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2012. 33–55. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511794209.004

368
Howard D. Venice as gateway to the Holy Land: pilgrims as agents of transmission. In: Davies P, Howard D, Pullan W, eds. Architecture and pilgrimage, 1000-1500: southern Europe and beyond. Farnham, Surrey: : Ashgate 2013. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=be50ab8e-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

369
Hunt L-A. Crusader Sculpture and the So-Called ‘Templar Workshop’: A Reassessment of Two Carved Panels from the Dome of the Rock in the Haram Al-Sharif Museum in Jerusalem. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 2000;132:131–56. doi:10.1179/peq.2000.132.2.131

370
Jacoby D. The Genoese in the Aegean (1204-1566). In: Stuckey J, ed. The Eastern Mediterranean frontier of Latin Christendom. Farnham, Surrey: : Ashgate 2014. 117–34.http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4861817

371
David A. Trade and crusade, 1050-1250. In: Goodich M, Menache S, Schein S, eds. Cross cultural convergences in the Crusader period: essays presented to Aryeh Grabois on his sixty-fifth birthday. New York: : P. Lang 1995. 1–20.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=f804a107-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

372
Eddé A-M. Commerce and Markets. In: Saladin. Cambridge, Mass: : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 2011. 447–61.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c1260640-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

373
Ehrenkreutz A. Strategic Implications of the Slave Trade between Genoa and Mamluk Egypt in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century. In: Udovitch AL, ed. The Islamic Middle East, 700-1900: studies in economic and social history. Princeton, N.J.: : Darwin Press 1981. 335–45.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=c51c1ef4-d940-e911-80cd-005056af4099

374
Amitai R. "Diplomacy and the Slave Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean: A Re-examination of the Mamluk-Byzantine-Genoese Triangle in the Late Thirteenth Century in Light of the Existing Early Correspondence. Oriente Moderno 2008;NS 87.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25818179

375
Marino Sanudo. Book 1: The Disposition and Preparation for the Recovery of the Holy Land. In: Lock P, ed. The book of the secrets of the faithful of the cross. Farnham, Surrey: : Ashgate 2011. 49–67.https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=655469

376
Lopez RS, Raymond IW. Medieval trade in the Mediterranean world: illustrative documents. New York: : W.W. Norton 1967. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06015

377
Goitein SD. Letters of medieval Jewish traders. [Princeton]: : Princeton University Press 1973.

378
Jacoby D. A Venetian manual of commercial practice from crusader Acre. In: Airaldi G, Kedar BZ, eds. I comuni Italiani nel regno crociato di Gerusalemme: atti del colloquio (Jerusalem, May 24 - May 28, 1984). Genova: : Università di Genova 1986.

379
Martin ME, editor. The Venetians in the Black Sea: A General Survey. In: Rivista di Bizantinistica. 1993.

380
Abulafia D. ‘The profit that God shall give’, 1100-1200. In: The great sea: a human history of the Mediterranean. New York, NY: : Oxford University Press 2011.

381
Christie N. Cosmopolitan Trade Centre or Bone of Contention? Alexandria and the Crusades, 487–857/1095–1453. Al-Masaq 2014;26:49–61. doi:10.1080/09503110.2014.877196

382
Constable OR. Housing the stranger in the Mediterranean world: lodging, trade, and travel in late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 2003. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.30998

383
Gil M. The economy. In: A history of Palestine, 634-1099. Cambridge: : Cambridge University Press 1992. 224–78.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=39deff97-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

384
Jacoby D. The Trade of Crusader Acre in the Levantine Context: an Overview. In: Commercial exchange across the Mediterranean : Byzantium, the Crusader Levant, Egypt, and Italy. Aldershot: : Ashgate 2005. 103–20.https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=048e9070-da40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

385
Menache S. Papal attempts at a commercial boycott of the Muslims in the crusader period. In: Stuckey J, ed. The Eastern Mediterranean Frontier of Latin Christendom. Aldershot: : Ashgate Publishing Group 2014.

386
Robert B. Patterson. The Early Existence of the Funda and Catena in the Twelfth-Century Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Speculum 1964;39:474–7.https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2852501

387
Leder S. Sunni Resurgence, Jihad Discourse and the Impact of the Frankish Presence in the Near East. In: Leder S, ed. Crossroads between Latin Europe and the Near East: corollaries of the Frankish presence in the Eastern Mediterranean (12th-14th centuries). Würzburg: : Ergon-Verlag 2011. 81–102.

388
Hashmi SH. Just wars, holy wars, and jihads: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim encounters and exchanges. New York: : Oxford University Press 2012. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199755042.001.0001

389
Mallett A. Popular Muslim reactions to the Franks in the Levant, 1097-1291. Abingdon, Oxon: : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2016. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315601458

390
Mourad SA, Lindsay JE. A Muslim response to the Second Crusade: Ibn Asakir of Damascus as Propagandist of Jihad. In: Roche J, Jensen JM, eds. The Second Crusade: Holy War on the periphery of Latin Christendom. Turnhout: : Brepols 2015.

391
Qalqashandī A ibn ʻAlī. Selections from Ṣubḥ al-A’shā by al-Qalqashandi, Clerk of the Mamluk Court Egypt: ‘seats of government’ and ‘regulations of the Kingdom’, from early Islam to the Mamluks. London: : Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group 2017.

392
Aigle D. Le Bilād al-Šām face aux mondes extérieurs: la perception de l’Autre et la représentation du Souverain. Beyrouth: : Presses de l’Ifpo 2012.

393
Bartal R, Bodner N, Kühnel B, editors. Natural materials of the Holy Land and the visual translation of place, 500-1500. London: : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2017.

394
Brett M. The Fatimid Empire. Edinburgh: : Edinburgh University Press 2017.

395
Christ G, editor. Union in separation: diasporic groups and identitites in the Eastern Mediterranean (1100-1800). First edition. Roma: : Viella

396
Devard J, Ribémont B, Journées d’études ‘Autour des Assises de Jérusalem--’, et al. Autour des Assises de Jérusalem. Paris: : Classiques Garnier 2018.

397
El-Azhari TK. Zengi and the Muslim response to the Crusades: the politics of jihad. London: : Routledge Taylor and Francis Group 2016.

398
Holt PM. Early Mamluk diplomacy (1260-1290): treaties of Baybars and Oalāwūn with Christian rulers. Leiden: : Brill 1995.

399
John S. Godfrey of Bouillon: Duke of Lower Lotharingia, ruler of Latin Jerusalem, c.1060-1100. London: : Routledge 2018.

400
Maḥāmīd Ḥātim Muḥammad. Waqf, education and politics in late medieval Syria: Islamic education in medieval Syria. Saarbrücken: : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing 2013.

401
Major B. Medieval rural settlements in the Syrian coastal region (12th and 13th centuries). Oxford: : Access Archaeology 2016.

402
Jacoby D. Crusading and trading between West and East: studies in honour of David Jacoby. Abingdon, Oxon: : Routledge 2019.

403
Pahlitzsch J, Korn L. Governing the Holy City: the interaction of social groups in Jerusalem between the Fatimid and the Ottoman period. Wiesbaden: : Reichert 2004.

404
Peacock ACS. The Great Seljuk Empire. Edinburgh: : Edinburgh University Press 2015.

405
Raphael K. Climate and political climate: environmental disasters in the Medieval Levant. LEIDEN: : Brill 2013.

406
Schenk J, Carr M, editors. The military orders. London: : Routledge 2017.

407
Menache S. Communicating the Middle Ages: essays in honour of Sophia Menache. 1st edition. Abingdon, Oxon: : Routledge 2018.

408
Benes CE, editor. A companion to medieval Genoa. Leiden: : Brill 2018.

409
Rubin J. Learning in a Crusader city: intellectual activity and intercultural exchanges in Acre, 1191--1291. Cambridge, United Kingdom: : Cambridge University Press 2018. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316941096

410
Perry GJM. The Briennes: The Rise and Fall of a Champenois Dynasty in the Age of the Crusades, c. 950-1356. First edition. Cambridge, United Kingdom: : Cambridge University Press 2018.

411
Stopka K, Bałuk-Ulewiczowa T. Armenia Christiana: Armenian religious identity and the Churches of Constantinople and Rome (4th-15th century). First edition. Kraków: : Jagiellonian University Press 2017.

412
Fromherz AJ. The Near West: medieval North Africa, Latin Europe and the Mediterranean in the Second Axial Age. Edinburgh: : Edinburgh University Press 2016. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748642946.001.0001

Bibliography for HIST4226 Society and Religion in the Medieval Crusader States BETA