Bibliography for Race and Slavery in the Eighteenth Century British Atlantic World BETA

Altink, Henrice. ‘Forbidden Fruit: Pro-Slavery Attitudes Towards Enslaved Women’s Sexuality and Interracial Sex’. Journal of Caribbean History 39.2 (2005): 201–235. Print.

Araujo, Ana Lucia. Living History: Encountering the Memory of the Heirs of Slavery. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Pub, 2009. Print.

---. Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. Print.

Armitage, David, and M. J. Braddick. The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800. 2nd ed. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Print.

Bailyn, Bernard. Atlantic History: Concept and Contours. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005. Print.

Bailyn, Bernard, and Barbara DeWolfe. Voyagers to the West: A Passage in the Peopling of America on the Eve of the Revolution. New York: Knopf, 1986. Print.

Bailyn, Bernard, and Philip D. Morgan, eds. Strangers within the Realm: Cultural Margins of the First British Empire. Chapel Hill, [North Carolina]: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia, by the University of North Carolina Press, 1991. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4321944>.

Barker, Anthony J. The African Link: British Attitudes to the Negro in the Era of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1550-1807. London: Cass, 1978. Print.

Beckles, Hilary. Black Rebellion in Barbados: The Struggle against Slavery, 1627-1838. Bridgetown, Barbados: Antilles Publications, 1984. Print.

---. Britain’s Black Debt: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide. Kingston, Jamaica: University Of West Indies Press, 2013. Print.

---. Inside Slavery: Process and Legacy in the Caribbean Experience. [Mona, Kingston, Jamaica]: Canoe Press, The University of the West Indies, 1996. Print.

---. Natural Rebels: A Social History of Enslaved Black Women in Barbados. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1989. Print.

---. White Servitude and Black Slavery in Barbados, 1627-1715. 1st ed. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1989. Print.

Beckles, Hilary McD. ‘A “Riotous and Unruly Lot”: Irish Indentured Servants and Freemen in the English West Indies, 1644-1713’. The William and Mary Quarterly 47.4 (1990): n. pag. Web.

---. ‘Plantation Production and White "Proto-Slavery”: White Indentured Servants and the Colonisation of the English West Indies, 1624-1645’. The Americas 41.03 (1985): 21–45. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1007098>.

---. ‘White Women and Slavery in the Caribbean’. History Workshop 36 (1993): 66–82. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4289252>.

Beidler, Philip D., and Gary Taylor. Writing Race across the Atlantic World: Medieval to Modern. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print.

Benjamin, Thomas. The Atlantic World: European, Africans, Indians and Their Shared History, 1400-1900. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Print.

Berlin, Ira, and Philip D. Morgan. The Slaves’ Economy: Independent Production by Slaves in the Americas. London: Frank Cass, 1991. Print.

Blackburn, Robin and American Council of Learned Societies. The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492-1800. London: Verso, 2010. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01674>.

---. The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery, 1776-1848. London: Verso, 1988. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03158>.

Bossy, Denise I. ‘The South’s Other Slavery: Recent Research on Indian Slavery’. Native South 9.1 (2016): 27–53. Web.

Boulukos, George. The Grateful Slave: The Emergence of Race in Eighteenth-Century British and American Culture. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Print.

Braithwaite, Kamau. The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770-1820. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle, 2005. Print.

Brooks, James. Confounding the Color Line: The Indian-Black Experience in North America. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002. Print.

Brown, Christopher Leslie. Moral Capital: Foundations of British Abolitionism. Chapel Hill, [North Carolina]: Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia, by the University of North Carolina Press, 2006. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4321920>.

Brown University. ‘Slavery and Justice, Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice’. Web. <http://www.brown.edu/Research/Slavery_Justice/documents/SlaveryAndJustice.pdf>.

Brown, Vincent. ‘Social Death and Political Life in the Study of Slavery’. The American Historical Review 114.5 (2009): 1231–1249. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23303423>.

---. ‘Spiritual Terror and Sacred Authority in Jamaican Slave Society’. Slavery & Abolition 24.1 (2003): 24–53. Web.

Brown, Vincent and American Council of Learned Societies. The Reaper’s Garden: Death and Power in the World of Atlantic Slavery. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2008. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.07795>.

Browne, Randy M. Surviving Slavery in the British Caribbean. 1st edition. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017. Print.

Browne, Randy M., and Trevor Burnard. ‘Husbands and Fathers’. New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 91.3–4 (2017): 193–222. Web.

Browne, Randy M., and John Wood Sweet. ‘Florence Hall’s “Memoirs”: Finding African Women in the Transatlantic Slave Trade’. Slavery & Abolition 37.1 (2016): 206–221. Web.

Browne, Robert S. ‘The Economic Case for Reparations to Black America’. The American Economic Review 62.1 (1972): 39–46. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1821522>.

Burnard, T. G. ‘“Prodigious Riches”: The Wealth of Jamaica Before the American Revolution’. The Economic History Review 54.3 (2001): 506–524. Web.

Burnard, Trevor. ‘Inheritance and Independence: Women’s Status in Early Colonial Jamaica’. The William and Mary Quarterly 48.1 (1991): n. pag. Web.

---. ‘Passengers Only: The Extent and Significance of Absenteeism in 18th Century Jamaica’. Atlantic Studies 1.2 (2004): 178–195. Web.

---. ‘“Rioting in Goatish Embraces”: Marriage and Improvement in Early British Jamaica’. The History of the Family 11.4 (2006): 185–197. Web.

Burnard, Trevor, and Richard Follett. ‘Caribbean Slavery, British Abolition and the Cultural Politics of Venereal Disease in the Atlantic World’. The Historical Journal 55.2 (2012): 427–451. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23263344>.

Burnard, Trevor G. Mastery, Tyranny, and Desire: Thomas Thistlewood and His Slaves in the Anglo-Jamaican World. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4322110>.

---. Planters, Merchants, and Slaves: Plantation Societies in British America, 1650-1820. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2016. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://chicago.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7208/chicago/9780226286242.001.0001/upso-9780226286105>.

Butler, Kathleen Mary. The Economics of Emancipation: Jamaica & Barbados, 1823-1843. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. Print.

Butler, Mary. ‘Mortality and Labour on the Codrington Estates, Barbados’. The Journal of Caribbean History 19 237–250. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1302763952?accountid=14540>.

Candlin, Kit. Enterprising Women: Gender, Race, and Power in the Revolutionary Atlantic. Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2018. Print.

---. The Last Caribbean Frontier, 1795-1815. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Print.

---. ‘The Role of the Enslaved in the “Fedon Rebellion” of 1795’. Slavery & Abolition (2018): 1–23. Web.

Canny, Nicholas P. Europeans on the Move: Studies on European Migration, 1500-1800. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. Print.

Canny, Nicholas P., and Philip D. Morgan. The Oxford Handbook of the Atlantic World, c.1450-c.1850. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199210879.001.0001>.

Cateau, Heather, and Selwyn H. H. Carrington, eds. Capitalism and Slavery Fifty Years Later: Eric Eustace Williams--a Reassessment of the Man and His Work. New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc, 2000. Print.

Chamberlain, Ava. ‘Bad Books and Bad Boys: The Transformation of Gender in Eighteenth-Century Northampton, Massachusetts’. The New England Quarterly 75.2 (2002): n. pag. Web.

Checkland, S. G. The Gladstones: A Family Biography, 1764-1851. London: Cambridge University Press, 1971. Print.

Christopher, Emma, Cassandra Pybus, and Marcus Buford Rediker. Many Middle Passages: Forced Migration and the Making of the Modern World. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007. Print.

Coelho, Philip R P. ‘The Profitability of Imperialism: The British Experience in the West Indies, 1768-1772’. Explorations in Economic History 10 29–40. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1305246224?accountid=14540>.

Colley, Linda and American Council of Learned Societies. Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707-1837 : With a New Preface by the Author. London: Pimlico, 2003. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01683>.

Cooke, Anthony. ‘An Elite Revisited: Glasgow West India Merchants, 1783–1877’. Journal of Scottish Historical Studies 32.2 (2012): 127–165. Web.

Costa, Tom. ‘What Can We Learn From A Digital Database Of Runaway Slave Advertisements?’ International Social Science Review 76.1 (2001): 36–43. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41887056>.

Craton, Michael. A Jamaican Plantation: The History of Worthy Park 1670-1970. Toronto, [Ontario]: University of Toronto Press, 1970. Print.

Cubitt, Geoffrey. ‘Lines of Resistance: Evoking and Configuring the Theme of Resistance in Museum Displays in Britain around the Bicentenary of 1807’. Museum & Society 8.3 (2010): 143–164. Web. <https://doaj.org/article/f3ce1d936b5b4f9ba9bc49dc8baa4e2b>.

Curtin, Philip D. and American Council of Learned Societies. The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex: Essays in Atlantic History. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03231>.

Davis, David Brion and Askews & Holts Library Services. Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780199726653>.

Davis, Ralph. The Industrial Revolution and British Overseas Trade. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1978. Print.

Devine, T. M. ‘An Eighteenth-Century Business Élite: Glasgow-West India Merchants, c. 1750-1815’. The Scottish Historical Review 57.163 (1978): 40–67. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25529280>.

---. ‘Did Slavery Make Scotia Great?’ Britain and the World 4.1 (2011): 40–64. Web.

---. Glasgow. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995. Print.

---, ed. Recovering Scotland’s Slavery Past: The Caribbean Connection. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015. Print.

---. The Tobacco Lords: A Study of the Tobacco Merchants of Glasgow and Their Trading Activities, c.1740-90. Edinburgh: Donald, 1975. Print.

Devine, T. M. and Scottish History Society. A Scottish Firm in Virginia, 1767-1777: W. Cuninghame and Co. v.20. Edinburgh: Published for the Scottish History Society by Clark Constable (1982), 1984. Print.

Draper, Nicholas. The Price of Emancipation: Slave-Ownership, Compensation and British Society at the End of Slavery. First paperback edition (with corrections). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Print.

---. ‘The Rise of a New Planter Class? Some Countercurrents from British Guiana and Trinidad, 1807–33’. Atlantic Studies 9.1 (2012): 65–83. Web.

Draper, Nick. ‘“Possessing Slaves”: Ownership, Compensation and Metropolitan Society in Britain at the Time of Emancipation 1834-40’. History Workshop Journal 64 (2007): 74–102. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25472936>.

Drescher, Seymour. ‘Whose Abolition? Popular Pressure and the Ending of the British Slave Trade’. Past and Present 143.1 (1994): 136–166. Web.

Drescher, Seymour, and David Brion Davis. Econocide: British Slavery in the Era of Abolition. 2nd ed. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2010. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=605910>.

Dresser, Madge. Slavery Obscured: The Social History of the Slave Trade in an English Provincial Port. London: Continuum, 2001. Print.

Dresser, Madge, and Andrew Hahn. ‘Slavery and the British Country House | Historic England’. n. pag. Web. <https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/slavery-and-british-country-house/>.

Dubois, Laurent and American Council of Learned Societies. Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.31944>.

Duffill, Mark. ‘The Africa Trade from the Ports of Scotland, 1706–66’. Slavery & Abolition 25.3 (2004): 102–122. Web.

Dumas, Paula E. and SpringerLink (Online service). Proslavery Britain: Fighting for Slavery in an Era of Abolition. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/10.1057/9781137558589>.

Dunkley, Daive A. Agency of the Enslaved: Jamaica and the Culture of Freedom in the Atlantic World. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books, 2013. Print.

Dunn, Richard S. A Tale of Two Plantations: Slave Life and Labor in Jamaica and Virginia. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2014. Print.

Dunn, Richard S. and Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture. Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia, 1972. Print.

Ebooks Corporation Limited. Tropical Babylons: Sugar and the Making of the Atlantic World, 1450-1680. Ed. Stuart B. Schwartz. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 2004. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4401515>.

Egerton, Douglas R. The Atlantic World: A History, 1400-1888. Wheeling, Ill: Harlan Davidson, 2007. Print.

Eltis, David. Coerced and Free Migration: Global Perspectives. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2002. Print.

Eltis, David and American Council of Learned Societies. The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01351>.

Eltis, David, and Stanley L. Engerman. ‘The Importance of Slavery and the Slave Trade to Industrializing Britain’. The Journal of Economic History 60.01 (2000): 123–144. Web.

Flaherty, Peter, and John Carlisle. ‘The Case against Reparations’. Web. <http://nlpc.org/wp-content/uploads/files/Reparationsbook.pdf>.

Fuentes, Marisa J. Dispossessed Lives: Enslaved Women, Violence, and the Archive. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/476336>.

---. ‘Power and Historical Figuring: Rachael Pringle Polgreen’s Troubled Archive’. Gender & History 22.3 (2010): 564–584. Web.

Galenson, David W. White Servitude in Colonial America: An Economic Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Print.

Gallant, Mary J. ‘Slave Runaways in Colonial Virginia: Accounts and Status Passage as Collective Process’. Symbolic Interaction 15.4 (1992): 389–412. Web.

Gallay, Alan. Indian Slavery in Colonial America. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009. Print.

---. The Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South, 1670-1717. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002. Print.

Games, A. ‘Atlantic History: Definitions, Challenges, and Opportunities’. The American Historical Review 111.3 (2006): 741–757. Web.

Games, Alison. ‘Atlantic History and Interdisciplinary Approaches’. Early American Literature 43.1 (2008): 187–190. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25057541>.

Garner, Steve. ‘Atlantic Crossing: Whiteness as a Transatlantic Experience’. Atlantic Studies 4.1 (2007): 117–132. Web.

Garrigus, John D., and Christopher Morris. Assumed Identities: The Meanings of Race in the Atlantic World. 1st ed. no. 41. College Station [Tex.]: Published for the University of Texas at Arlington by Texas A&M University Press, 2010. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3037774>.

Goetz, Rebecca Anne. ‘Indian Slavery: An Atlantic and Hemispheric Problem’. History Compass 14.2 (2016): 59–70. Web.

Goldman, Lawrence. Dethroning Historical Reputations: Universities, Museums and the Commemoration of Benefactors. Ed. Jill Pellew. Institute of Historical Research, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2018. Web. <https://humanities-digital-library.org/index.php/hdl/catalog/book/pellewgoldman>.

Gragg, Larry Dale and Oxford University Press. Englishmen Transplanted: The English Colonization of Barbados, 1627-1660. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253890.001.0001>.

Green, Cecilia A. ‘Hierarchies of Whiteness in the Geographies of Empire: Thomas Thistlewood and the Barrets of Jamaica’. New West Indian Guide/Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 80.1 & 2 (2008): 5–43. Web. <https://doaj.org/article/d36b075b875840f3992dc4e7209431b7>.

Green, William A. and Oxford University Press. British Slave Emancipation: The Sugar Colonies and the Great Experiment 1830-1865. Oxford: Clarendon, 1976. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202783.001.0001>.

Greene, Jack P. ‘Liberty, Slavery, and the Transformation of British Identity in the Eighteenth‐century West Indies’. Slavery & Abolition 21.1 (2000): 1–31. Web.

---. Pursuits of Happiness: The Social Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=475183>.

---. Settler Jamaica in the 1750s: A Social Portrait. Charlottesville, North Carolina: University of Virginia Press, 2016. Print.

Greene, Jack P., and Philip D. Morgan. Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print.

Guasco, Michael. Slaves and Englishmen: Human Bondage in the Early Modern Atlantic World. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3442323>.

---. ‘To “Doe Some Good upon Their Countrymen”: The Paradox of Indian Slavery in Early Anglo-America’. Journal of Social History 41.2 (2007): 389–411. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25096484>.

Haggerty, Sheryllynne. ‘Merely for Money’?: Business Culture in the British Atlantic, 1750-1815. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2012. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.5949/UPO9781846317729>.

---. The British-Atlantic Trading Community,1760-1810: Men, Women, and the Distribution of Goods. v. 6. Leiden: Brill, 2006. Print.

Hall, Catherine et al. Legacies of British Slave-Ownership: Colonial Slavery and the Formation of Victorian Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Print.

Hall, Douglas. A Brief History of the West India Committee. St. Lawrence, Barbados: Caribbean Universities Press, 1971. Print.

---. ‘“Absentee-Proprietorship in the British West Indies to about 1850”’. Jamaican Historical Review; Kingston 4 n. pag. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1292681942?accountid=14540>.

---. In Miserable Slavery: Thomas Thistlewood in Jamaica, 1750-86. Barbados: University of the West Indies Press, 1999. Print.

Halpern, Rick, and M. J. Daunton. Empire and Others: British Encounters with Indigenous Peoples, 1600-1850. London: UCL Press, 1999. Print.

Hamilton, Douglas. Scotland, the Caribbean and the Atlantic World, 1750-1820. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005. Print.

Hancock, David. Citizens of the World: London Merchants and the Integration of the British Atlantic Community, 1735-1785. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Print.

Handler, Jerome S. ‘Escaping Slavery in a Caribbean Plantation Society : Marronage in Barbados, 1650s-1830s’. NWIG 71.3 & 4 (1997): 183–225. Web. <https://doaj.org/article/34eeb13e24aa4a23b691dd713f2ff4cd>.

---. ‘The Amerindian Slave Population of Barbados in the Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries’. Caribbean Studies 8.4 (1969): 38–64. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25612085>.

Handler, Jerome S., and JoAnn Jacoby. ‘Slave Names and Naming in Barbados, 1650-1830’. The William and Mary Quarterly 53.4 (1996): n. pag. Web.

Handler, Jerome S., and Matthew C. Reilly. ‘Contesting "White Slavery” in the Caribbean’. New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 91.1–2 (2017): 30–55. Web.

Hart, Richard. Slaves Who Abolished Slavery. Kingston, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 2002. Print.

Heuman, Gad J. Out of the House of Bondage: Runaways, Resistance and Marronage in Africa and the New World. London: Cass, 1986. Print.

Heuman, Gad J., and James Walvin. The Slavery Reader. London: Routledge, 2003. Print.

Higman, B. W. Plantation Jamaica, 1750-1850: Capital and Control in a Colonial Economy. Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 2008. Print.

---. Slave Populations of the British Caribbean, 1807-1834. Kingston, Jamaica: The Press, University of the West Indies, 1995. Print.

---. ‘The West India “Interest” in Parliament, 1807–1833’. Historical Studies 13.49 (1967): 1–19. Web.

Higman, B. W. and American Council of Learned Societies. Slave Population and Economy in Jamaica, 1807-1834. Kingston, Jamaica: The Press, University of the West Indies, 1995. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00725>.

Horowitz, David. ‘David Horowitz’s “Ten Reasons Why Reparations for Slavery Is a Bad Idea for Blacks – and Racist Too”’. The Black Scholar 31.2 (2001): n. pag. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41068938>.

Hudson, Pat. ‘Slavery, the Slave Trade and Economic Growth: A Contribution to the Debate’. Emancipation and the Remaking of the British Imperial World. Ed. Catherine Hall, Nicholas Draper, and Keith McClelland. Manchester University Press, 2014. 36–59. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://academic.oup.com/manchester-scholarship-online/book/14248/chapter/168128403>.

Inikori, J. E. Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England: A Study in International Trade and Development. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02605>.

Inikori, Joseph. ‘Roundtable. Reviews of Joseph Inikori, Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England: A Study in International Trade and Economic Development’. International Journal of Maritime History 15.2 (2003): 279–329. Web.

Inikori, Joseph E. ‘Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England: A Roundtable Response’. International Journal of Maritime History 15.2 (2003): 330–361. Web.

Jones, Cecily. ‘Contesting the Boundaries of Gender, Race and Sexuality in Barbadian Plantation Society’. Women’s History Review 12.2 (2003): 195–232. Web.

---. Engendering Whiteness: White Women and Colonialism in Barbados and North Carolina 1627-1865. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2014. Print.

Karras, Alan. ‘The World of Alexander Johnston: The Creolization of Ambition, 1762-1787’. The Historical Journal 30.1 (1987): 53–76. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639305>.

Karras, Alan L. Sojourners in the Sun: Scottish Migrants in Jamaica and the Chesapeake, 1740-1800. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992. Print.

Kehoe, S. Karly. ‘From the Caribbean to the Scottish Highlands: Charitable Enterprise in the Age of Improvement, c.1750 to c.1820’. Rural History 27.01 (2016): 37–59. Web.

Kidd, Colin. The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1600-2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Print.

Krauthamer, Barbara and University of North Carolina Press. Black Slaves, Indian Masters: Slavery, Emancipation, and Citizenship in the Native American South. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2015. Print.

Kriegel, Abraham D. ‘A Convergence of Ethics: Saints and Whigs in British Antislavery’. Journal of British Studies 26.4 (1987): 423–450. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/175721>.

Lambert, David. ‘The “Glasgow King of Billingsgate”: James MacQueen and an Atlantic Proslavery Network’. Slavery & Abolition 29.3 (2008): 389–413. Web.

---. White Creole Culture, Politics and Identity during the Age of Abolition. Vol. 38. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Print.

Lenik, Stephan, and Christer Petley. ‘The Material Cultures of Slavery and Abolition in the British Caribbean’. Slavery & Abolition 35.3 (2014): 389–398. Web.

Leonard, Adrian, and David Pretel, eds. The Caribbean and the Atlantic World Economy: Circuits of Trade, Money and Knowledge, 1650-1914. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Print.

Livesay, Daniel. Children of Uncertain Fortune: Mixed-Race Jamaicans in Britain and the Atlantic Family, 1733-1833. Williamsburg, Virginia: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, 2018. Print.

Mancke, Elizabeth, and Carole Shammas. The Creation of the British Atlantic World. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. Print.

---. The Creation of the British Atlantic World. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. Print.

Mason, Keith. ‘The World an Absentee Planter and His Slaves Made: Sir William Stapleton and His Nevis Sugar Estate, 1722–1740’. Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 75.1 (1993): 103–131. Print.

Meeks, Brian, and Stuart Hall. Culture, Politics, Race and Diaspora: The Thought of Stuart Hall. Kingston: I. Randle Publishers, 2007. Print.

Menard, Russell R. Sweet Negotiations: Sugar, Slavery, and Plantation Agriculture in Early Barbados. Charlottesville, Va: University of Virginia Press, 2006. Print.

Midgley, Clare. ‘Slave Sugar Boycotts, Female Activism and the Domestic Base of British Anti‐slavery Culture’. Slavery & Abolition 17.3 (1996): 137–162. Web.

Morgan, Jennifer L. ‘Gender and Slavery, Birth and Death on Atlantic Plantations’. The William and Mary Quarterly 72.4 (2015): n. pag. Web.

---. Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3442010>.

---. Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3442010>.

---. ‘“Some Could Suckle over Their Shoulder”: Male Travelers, Female Bodies, and the Gendering of Racial Ideology, 1500-1770’. The William and Mary Quarterly 54.1 (1997): n. pag. Web.

Morgan, Kenneth. Slavery and Servitude in Colonial North America: A Short History. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press, 2001. Print.

Morgan, Kenneth and Economic History Society. Slavery, Atlantic Trade and the British Economy, 1660-1800. [42]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Print.

Morgan, Philip D. and Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture. Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry. Chapel Hill: Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia, by the University of North Carolina Press, 1998. Print.

Mullen, Stephen. ‘A Glasgow-West India Merchant House and the Imperial Dividend, 1779–1867’. Journal of Scottish Historical Studies 33.2 (2013): 196–233. Web.

Mustakeem, Sowande’. ‘"She Must Go Overboard & Shall Go Overboard”: Diseased Bodies and the Spectacle of Murder at Sea’. Atlantic Studies 8.3 (2011): 301–316. Web.

Mustakeem, Sowande’ M. Slavery at Sea: Terror, Sex, and Sickness in the Middle Passage. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2016. Print.

Newman, Brooke N. ‘Gender, Sexuality and the Formation of Racial Identities in the Eighteenth-Century Anglo-Caribbean World’. Gender & History 22.3 (2010): 585–602. Web.

Newman, Simon. ‘Hidden in Plain Sight: Long-Term Escaped Slaves in Late-Eighteenth and Early-Nineteenth Century Jamaica’. William and Mary Quarterly (2018): n. pag. Web. <https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/150244/>.

Newman, Simon P. A New World of Labor: The Development of Plantation Slavery in the British Atlantic. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/454597>.

---. ‘Rethinking Runaways in the British Atlantic World: Britain, the Caribbean, West Africa and North America’. Slavery & Abolition 38.1 (2017): 49–75. Web.

Nicholson, Bradley J. ‘Legal Borrowing and the Origins of Slave Law in the British Colonies’. The American Journal of Legal History 38.1 (1994): n. pag. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/845322>.

O’Brien, Patrick. ‘European Economic Development: The Contribution of the Periphery’. The Economic History Review 35.1 (1982): n. pag. Web.

Oldfield, J. R. ‘Chords of Freedom’: Commemoration, Ritual and British Transatlantic Slavery. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007. Print.

---. Popular Politics and British Anti-Slavery: The Mobilisation of Public Opinion against the Slave Trade, 1787-1807. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995. Print.

O’Malley, Gregory E. Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619-1807. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: North Carolina Press, 2014. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4322206>.

O’Shaughnessy, Andrew J. ‘The Formation of a Commercial Lobby: The West India Interest, British Colonial Policy and the American Revolution’. The Historical Journal 40.1 (1997): 71–95. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3020953>.

Pares, Richard. A West-India Fortune. London: Archon, 1968. Print.

Paton, D. ‘Punishment, Crime, and the Bodies of Slaves in Eighteenth-Century Jamaica’. Journal of Social History 34.4 (2001): 923–954. Web.

Paton, Diana. ‘Gender, Language, Violence and Slavery: Insult in Jamaica, 1800?1838’. Gender & History 18.2 (2006): 246–265. Web.

Paugh, Katherine. Politics of Reproduction: Race, Medicine, and Fertility in the Age of Abolition. First edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2017. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789789.001.0001>.

Petley, Christer. ‘British Links and the West Indian Proslavery Argument, by Christer Petley’. History in focus 12 n. pag. Web. <https://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/Slavery/articles/petley.html>.

---. ‘Gluttony, Excess, and the Fall of the Planter Class in the British Caribbean’. Atlantic Studies 9.1 (2012): 85–106. Web.

---. ‘"Home” and "this Country”: Britishness and Creole Identity in the Letters of a Transatlantic Slaveholder’. Atlantic Studies 6.1 (2009): 43–61. Web.

---. ‘Plantations and Homes: The Material Culture of the Early Nineteenth-Century Jamaican Elite’. Slavery & Abolition 35.3 (2014): 437–457. Web.

---. ‘Rethinking the Fall of the Planter Class’. Atlantic Studies 9.1 (2012): 1–17. Web.

---. ‘Slaveholders and Revolution: The Jamaican Planter Class, British Imperial Politics, and the Ending of the Slave Trade, 1775–1807’. Slavery & Abolition 39.1 (2018): 53–79. Web.

---. Slaveholders in Jamaica: Colonial Society and Culture during the Era of Abolition. no. 11. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2009. Print.

---. ‘Slavery, Emancipation and the Creole World View of Jamaican Colonists, 1800–1834’. Slavery & Abolition 26.1 (2005): 93–114. Web.

Price, Jacob M. ‘New Time Series for Scotland’s and Britain’s Trade with the Thirteen Colonies and States, 1740 to 1791’. The William and Mary Quarterly 32.2 (1975): n. pag. Web.

---. ‘What Did Merchants Do? Reflections on British Overseas Trade, 1660–1790’. The Journal of Economic History 49.02 (1989): 267–284. Web.

Price, Richard. Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979. Print.

Prior, Katherine. ‘Commemorating Slavery 2007: A Personal View from inside the Museums’. History Workshop Journal 64 (2007): 200–210. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25472940>.

Pybus, Cassandra. ‘From Epic Journeys of Freedom Runaway Slaves of the American Revolution and Their Global Quest for Liberty’. Callaloo 29.1 (2006): 114–130. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3805698>.

Quintanilla, Mark S. ‘Late Seventeenth-Century Indentured Servants in Barbados’. The Journal of Caribbean History 27 1–284. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1302740237?accountid=14540>.

Ragatz, Lowell J. The Fall of the Planter Class in the British Caribbean, 1763-1833: A Study in Social and Economic History. New York: Octagon Books, 1963. Print.

Ragatz, Lowell Joseph. ‘Absentee Landlordism in the British Caribbean 1750-1833’. Agricultural History 5 7–24. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1296071978?accountid=14540>.

Reed, P. Glasgow: The Forming of the City. [2nd ed.]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999. Print.

Reséndez, Andrés. The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America. First Mariner Books edition. Boston: Mariner Books/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017. Print.

Rice, C. Duncan. The Scots Abolitionists 1833-1861. Baton Rouge, La: Louisiana State University Press, 1981. Print.

Richardson, David. ‘The Slave Trade, Sugar, and British Economic Growth, 1748-1776’. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 17.4 (1987): n. pag. Web.

Richter, Daniel K. Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2003. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03491>.

Roberts, Justin. Slavery and the Enlightenment in the British Atlantic, 1750-1807. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Print.

---. ‘Uncertain Business: A Case Study of Barbadian Plantation Management, 1770–93’. Slavery & Abolition 32.2 (2011): 247–268. Web.

Robinson, Randall. The Debt: What America Owes to Blacks. New York: Plume, 2001. Print.

Rugemer, Edward B. ‘The Development of Mastery and Race in the Comprehensive Slave Codes of the Greater Caribbean during the Seventeenth Century’. The William and Mary Quarterly 70.3 (2013): n. pag. Web.

Ryden, David. West Indian Slavery and British Abolition, 1783-1807. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print.

Ryden, David Beck. ‘Does Decline Make Sense? The West Indian Economy and the Abolition of the British Slave Trade’. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 31.3 (2001): 347–374. Web.

Sarson, Steven. British America, 1500-1800: Creating Colonies, Imagining an Empire. London: Hodder Arnold, 2005. Print.

Satchell, Veront M. ‘The Hope Palimpsest: Liguanea Plain, St Andrew, Jamaica’. The Journal of Caribbean History 43.2 n. pag. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1542385373?pq-origsite=summon>.

Scully, Pamela, and Diana Paton. Gender and Slave Emancipation in the Atlantic World. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2005. Print.

Seymour, Susanne, Stephen Daniels, and Charles Watkins. ‘Estate and Empire: Sir George Cornewall’s Management of Moccas, Herefordshire and La Taste, Grenada, 1771–1819’. Journal of Historical Geography 24.3 (1998): 313–351. Web.

Shaw, Jenny. Everyday Life in the Early English Caribbean: Irish, Africans, and the Construction of Difference. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2013. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1441667>.

Shepherd, Verene A. ‘Jamaica and the Debate over Reparation for Slavery: An Overview1’. Emancipation and the Remaking of the British Imperial World. Ed. Catherine Hall, Nicholas Draper, and Keith McClelland. Manchester University Press, 2015. 223–250. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://manchester.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7228/manchester/9780719091834.001.0001/upso-9780719091834-chapter-14>.

Shepherd, Verene, and Hilary Beckles. Caribbean Slavery in the Atlantic World: A Student Reader. 2nd ed. Oxford: James Currey, 2000. Print.

Sheridan, R. B. ‘The Rise of a Colonial Gentry: A Case Study of Antigua, 1730-1775’. The Economic History Review 13.3 (1961): n. pag. Web.

---. ‘The Wealth of Jamaica in the Eighteenth Century’. The Economic History Review 18.2 (1965): 292–311. Web.

---. ‘The Wealth of Jamaica in the Eighteenth, Centuy: A Rejoinder’. The Economic History Review 21.1 (1968): 46–61. Web.

Sheridan, Richard B. ‘The Role of Scots in the Economy and Society of the West Indies’. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 292.1 Comparative P (1977): 94–106. Web.

Sheridan, Richard Bert. Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623-1775. Eagle Hall, Barbados: Caribbean Universities Press, 1974. Print.

‘Slavery & Abolition: Vol 30, No 2 - Special Issue: Remembering Slave Trade Abolitions: Reflections on 2007 in International Perspective’. 30.2 (2009): n. pag. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/fsla20/30/2?nav=tocList>.

Smallwood, Stephanie E. Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2007. Print.

Smith, Billy G., and Richard Wojtowicz. Blacks Who Stole Themselves: Advertisements for Runaways in the Pennsylvania Gazette, 1728-1790. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Print.

Smith, S. D. Slavery, Family, and Gentry Capitalism in the British Atlantic: The World of the Lascelles, 1648–1834. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497308>.

Smith, S.D. ‘Sugar’s Poor Relation: Coffee Planting in the British West Indies, 1720–1833’. Slavery & Abolition 19.3 (1998): 68–89. Web.

Snyder, Christina. Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2010. Print.

Solow, Barbara L., and Stanley L. Engerman. British Capitalism and Caribbean Slavery: The Legacy of Eric Williams. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Print.

Starna, William A., and Ralph Watkins. ‘Northern Iroquoian Slavery’. Ethnohistory 38.1 (1991): n. pag. Web.

Swaminathan, Srividhya. Debating the Slave Trade: Rhetoric of British National Identity, 1759-1815. Farnham: Ashgate, 2009. Print.

---. ‘Developing the West Indian Proslavery Position after the Somerset Decision’. Slavery & Abolition 24.3 (2003): 40–60. Web.

Swingen, Abigail Leslie. Competing Visions of Empire: Labor, Slavery, and the Origins of the British Atlantic Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300187540.001.0001>.

Temperley, Howard. ‘Capitalism, Slavery and Ideology’. Past and Present 75.1 (1977): 94–118. Web.

‘The American Historical Review: Vol. 112, No. 3, Jun., 2007 - AHR Forum: Entangled Empires in the Atlantic World’. 112.3 (2007): 710–799. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40000361>.

‘The William and Mary Quarterly. Vol. 65, No. 1, Jan., 2008 - The “Trade Gap” in Atlantic Studies: A Forum on Literary and Historical Scholarship’. 65.1 (2008): 135–186. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i25096766>.

Thomas, Robert Paul. ‘The Sugar Colonies of the Old Empire:Profit or Loss for Great Britain?’ The Economic History Review 21.1 (1968): 30–45. Web.

Thomas, Robert Paul, and Richard Nelson Bean. ‘The Fishers of Men: The Profits of the Slave Trade’. The Journal of Economic History 34.4 (1974): 885–914. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2116614>.

Thornton, John K. and American Council of Learned Societies. Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1800. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01405>.

Tibbles, Anthony. ‘Facing Slavery’s Past: The Bicentenary of the Abolition of the British Slave Trade’. Slavery & Abolition 29.2 (2008): 293–303. Web.

Tomlins, Christopher. ‘Reconsidering Indentured Servitude: European Migration and the Early American Labor Force, 1600–1775’. Labor History 42.1 (2001): 5–43. Web.

Torpey, John. ‘"Making Whole What Has Been Smashed”: Reflections on Reparations’. The Journal of Modern History 73.2 (2001): 333–358. Web.

Turner, Sasha. Contested Bodies: Pregnancy, Childrearing, and Slavery in Jamaica. 1st edition. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017. Print.

Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher. ‘Wheels, Looms, and the Gender Division of Labor in Eighteenth-Century New England’. The William and Mary Quarterly 55.1 (1998): n. pag. Web.

Vasconcellos, Colleen A. Slavery, Childhood, and Abolition in Jamaica, 1788-1838. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2015. Print.

Wada, Mitsuhiro. ‘Running from Bondage: An Analysis of the Newspaper Advertisements of Runaway Slaves in Colonial Maryland and Georgia’. JSL 2 (2006): 11–21. Web. <https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/02f6/2b3f238f086d1cdadf49f5db47b5c27d1d43.pdf>.

Waldstreicher, David. ‘Reading the Runaways: Self-Fashioning, Print Culture, and Confidence in Slavery in the Eighteenth-Century Mid-Atlantic’. The William and Mary Quarterly 56.2 (1999): n. pag. Web.

Wallace, B. K. ‘Uncomfortable Commemorations’. History Workshop Journal 68.1 (2009): 223–233. Web.

Walsh, Lorena Seebach. Motives of Honor, Pleasure, and Profit: Plantation Management in the Colonial Chesapeake, 1607-1763. Chapel Hill, [North Carolina]: Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia, by the University of North Carolina Press, 2010. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4321881>.

Walvin, James. ‘The Slave Trade, Abolition and Public Memory’. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 19 (2009): 139–149. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25593895>.

Ward, J. R. British West Indian Slavery, 1750-1834: The Process of Amelioration. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988. Print.

---. ‘The Profitability of Sugar Planting in the British West Indies, 1650-1834’. The Economic History Review 31.2 (1978): n. pag. Web.

Webster, Alison. ‘The Contribution of the Scottish Enlightenment to the Abandonment of the Institution of Slavery’. The European Legacy 8.4 (2003): 481–489. Web.

Whyte, Iain. Scotland and the Abolition of Black Slavery, 1756-1838. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748624324.001.0001>.

Wilder, Craig Steven. Ebony & Ivy: Race, Slavery, and the Troubled History of America’s Universities. Paperback edition. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2014. Print.

Williams, Eric Eustace. Capitalism & Slavery. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1994. Print.

Windley, Lathan A. A Profile of Runaway Slaves in Virginia and South Carolina from 1730 through 1787. New York: Routledge. Print.

---. A Profile of Runaway Slaves in Virginia and South Carolina from 1730 through 1787. New York: Routledge. Print.

Zacek, Natalie A. ‘Searching for the Invisible Woman: The Evolution of White Women’s Experience in Britain’s West Indian Colonies’. History Compass 7.1 (2009): 329–341. Web.

---. Settler Society in the English Leeward Islands, 1670-1776. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print.