Abdul-Rahman, A., & Hailes, S. (2000). Supporting trust in virtual communities. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2000.926814
Abramson, M., & Jones, P. (n.d.). Empowering under-represented students to succeed in higher education: initiatives in early engagement at a post-1992 university. http://www.face.stir.ac.uk/documents/paper107-PeterJonesR.pdf
Active Learning Examples. (n.d.). University of Edinburgh. https://ugc.futurelearn.com/uploads/files/e4/af/e4af16fa-3204-4360-9098-85489e271e95/Active_learning_examples.pdf
Active Learning in Online Courses. (n.d.). King’s College London Online Professional & Executive Education. https://www.kcl.ac.uk/teachlearntech/assets/dla-active-learning-in-online-courses-.pdf
Adekola, J., Dale, V. H. M., Gardiner, K., & Fischbacher-Smith, M. (2017). Student Transitions to Blended Learning: An Institutional Case Study. Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v5i2.273
Ahmad, T. (2020). Student perceptions on using cell phones as learning tools. PSU Research Review, 4(1), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRR-03-2018-0007
Ahmed, H., Allaf, M., & Elghazaly, H. (2020). COVID-19 and medical education. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(7), 777–778. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30226-7
Ahn, M. Y., & Davis, H. H. (2020). Students’ sense of belonging and their socio-economic status in higher education: a quantitative approach. Teaching in Higher Education, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2020.1778664
Ahumada-Newhart, V., & Olson, J. S. (2019). Going to School on a Robot. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 26(4), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1145/3325210
Akçayır, M., & Akçayır, G. (2017). Advantages and challenges associated with augmented reality for education: A systematic review of the literature. Educational Research Review, 20, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2016.11.002
Akçayır, M., Akçayır, G., Pektaş, H. M., & Ocak, M. A. (2016). Augmented reality in science laboratories: The effects of augmented reality on university students’ laboratory skills and attitudes toward science laboratories. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 334–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.054
Akers, A., Blough, C., & Iyer, M. S. (2020). COVID-19 Implications on Clinical Clerkships and the Residency Application Process for Medical Students. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7800
Akinbode, H. O. (2022). A sense of belonging – what it means for higher education institutions. https://blogs.kcl.ac.uk/behaviouralinsights/2022/01/12/a-sense-of-belonging-what-it-means-for-higher-education-institutions/
Akyol, Z., & Garrison, D. R. (2011). Understanding cognitive presence in an online and blended community of inquiry: Assessing outcomes and processes for deep approaches to learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(2), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01029.x
Akyol, Z., Garrison, D. R., & Ozden, M. Y. (2009). Online and blended communities of inquiry: Exploring the developmental and perceptional differences. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v10i6.765
Akyol, Z., & Garrison, R. D. (2008). The Development of a Community of Inquiry over Time in an Online Course: Understanding the Progression and Integration of Social, Cognitive and Teaching Presence. 12(3–4), 3–22. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ837483
Al Tawil, R. (2019). Nonverbal Communication in Text-Based, Asynchronous Online Education. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i1.3705
Alan B. Craig. (2009). Developing virtual reality applications. Morgan Kaufmann/Elsevier.
Alaraj, A., Charbel, F. T., Birk, D., Tobin, M., Luciano, C., Banerjee, P. P., Rizzi, S., Sorenson, J., Foley, K., Slavin, K., & Roitberg, B. (2013). Role of Cranial and Spinal Virtual and Augmented Reality Simulation Using Immersive Touch Modules in Neurosurgical Training. Neurosurgery, 72, A115–A123. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182753093
Al-Elq, A. (2010). Simulation-based medical teaching and learning. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-1683.68787
Al-Emran, M., Elsherif, H. M., & Shaalan, K. (2016). Investigating attitudes towards the use of mobile learning in higher education. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.033
Alerby, E., & Ekberg, N. (2020). The Digital Student: Beyond the Boundaries of the Body. NERA 2020 congress, 4-6 March, 2020, Turku, Finland. http://ltu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1417762&dswid=8049
Al‐Hosan, A. M., AlRajeh, N. M., & Arnout, B. A. (2020). The role of university teaching staff members in cognitive awareness and raising the level of health protection, value, and moral of students through the ‐19 pandemic. Journal of Public Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2332
Allen, E. I., & Seaman, J. (n.d.). Going the Distance: Online Education in the United States, 2011. Sloan Consortium (NJ1). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED529948
Allen, E., & Seaman, J. (n.d.). Changing Course: Ten Years of Tracking Online Education in the United States. Babson Survey Research Group and Quahog Research Group, LLC. http://www.onlinelearningsurvey.com/reports/changingcourse.pdf
Allie, S., Armien, M. N., Burgoyne, N., Case, J. M., Collier-Reed, B. I., Craig, T. S., Deacon, A., Fraser, D. M., Geyer, Z., Jacobs, C., Jawitz, J., Kloot, B., Kotta, L., Langdon, G., le Roux, K., Marshall, D., Mogashana, D., Shaw, C., Sheridan, G., & Wolmarans, N. (2009). Learning as acquiring a discursive identity through participation in a community: improving student learning in engineering education. European Journal of Engineering Education, 34(4), 359–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043790902989457
Alphin, H. C. (2013). E-Learning Accessibility Model. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design, 3(3), 18–42. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijopcd.2013070102
Al-Qahtani, A. A. Y., & Higgins, S. E. (2013). Effects of traditional, blended and e-learning on students’ achievement in higher education. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(3), 220–234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2012.00490.x
AltspaceVR. (n.d.). AltspaceVR. https://altvr.com/
Alverson, D. C., Saiki, S. M., Kalishman, S., Lindberg, M., Mennin, S., Mines, J., Serna, L., Summers, K., Jacobs, J., Lozanoff, S., Lozanoff, B., Saland, L., Mitchell, S., Umland, B., Greene, G., Buchanan, H. S., Keep, M., Wilks, D., Wax, D. S., … Caudell, T. P. (2008). Medical Students Learn Over Distance Using Virtual Reality Simulation. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, 3(1), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0b013e31815f0d51
Amante, A., & Balmer, C. (2020). Italy rushes new doctors into service as coronavirus deaths rise above 2,500. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-italy-idUSKBN214245
Amen, L. (17 C.E.). May 2020 graduates invited to virtual celebration. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. https://news.unl.edu/newsrooms/today/article/may-2020-graduates-invited-to-virtual-celebration/
Amir, L. R., Tanti, I., Maharani, D. A., Wimardhani, Y. S., Julia, V., Sulijaya, B., & Puspitawati, R. (2020). Student perspective of classroom and distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic in the undergraduate dental study program Universitas Indonesia. BMC Medical Education, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02312-0
Anderman, L. H. (2003). Academic and Social Perceptions as Predictors of Change in Middle School Students’ Sense of School Belonging. The Journal of Experimental Education, 72(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220970309600877
Anderson, L. W., & Bloom, B. S. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: a revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives (Abridged ed). Longman.
Anderson, T. (2008). Towards a theory of online learning. 45–74. https://ustpaul.ca/upload-files/DistanceEducation/TOWARDS_A_THEORY_OF_ONLINE_LEARNING.pdf
Anderson, T., & Dron, J. (2011). Three generations of distance education pedagogy. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v12i3.890
Anderson, T. & ProQuest (Firm). (2008). The theory and practice of online learning (2nd ed). AU Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=617514
Andreas, K., Tsiatsos, T., Terzidou, T., & Pomportsis, A. (2010). Fostering collaborative learning in Second Life: Metaphors and affordances. Computers & Education, 55(2), 603–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.021
Andrews, T., & Tyman, B. (2015). Learner Characteristics and Patterns of Online Learning: How Online Learners Successfully Manage their Learning. http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=special&sp=articles&inum=6&article=680&article=677
Andrews, T., Tynan, B., & Backstrom, K. (25 C.E.). Distance learners’ use of non-institutional social media to augment and enhance their learning experience. ASCILITE 2012: 29th Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education: Future Challenges, Sustainable Futures. https://eprints.usq.edu.au/22699/
Andujar, J. M., Mejias, A., & Marquez, M. A. (2011). Augmented Reality for the Improvement of Remote Laboratories: An Augmented Remote Laboratory. IEEE Transactions on Education, 54(3), 492–500. https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2010.2085047
Anistranski, J. A., & Brown, B. B. (2021). A Little Help From Their Friends? How Social Factors Relate to Students’ Sense of Belonging at a Large Public University. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025120985107
Antonsich, M. (2010). Searching for Belonging - An Analytical Framework. Geography Compass, 4(6), 644–659. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2009.00317.x
Araújo, N., Carlin, D., Clarke, B., Morieson, L., Lukas, K., & Wilson, R. (2014a). Belonging in the first year: A creative discipline cohort case study. The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.5204/intjfyhe.v5i2.240
Araújo, N., Carlin, D., Clarke, B., Morieson, L., Lukas, K., & Wilson, R. (2014b). Belonging in the first year: A creative discipline cohort case study. The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.5204/intjfyhe.v5i2.240
Arbaugh, J. B., Desai, A., Rau, B., & Sridhar, B. S. (2010). A review of research on online and blended learning in the management disciplines: 1994–2009. Organization Management Journal, 7(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1057/omj.2010.5
Archer, A., Guliani, J., Johns, F., McCartney, E., Smith, E. N., Ross, C. C., Sengupta, S., & Das, M. (2017). Effectiveness of a single day induction programme in changing medical students’ attitudes towards the speciality of forensic psychiatry. Australasian Psychiatry, 25(1), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856216671654
Arcila Hernández, L. M., Zamudio, K. R., Drake, A. G., & Smith, M. K. (2020). Implementing team‐based learning in the life sciences: A case study in an online introductory level evolution and biodiversity course. Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6863
Arciuli, J., Emerson, E., & Llewellyn, G. (2019). Adolescents’ self-report of school satisfaction: The interaction between disability and gender. School Psychology, 34(2), 148–158. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000275
Ardichvili, A., Maurer, M., Li, W., Wentling, T., & Stuedemann, R. (2006). Cultural influences on knowledge sharing through online communities of practice. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(1), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270610650139
Ardichvili, A., Page, V., & Wentling, T. (2003). Motivation and barriers to participation in virtual knowledge‐sharing communities of practice. Journal of Knowledge Management, 7(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270310463626
Aresta, M., Pedro, L., Santos, C., & Moreira, A. (2015). Portraying the self in online contexts: context-driven and user-driven online identity profiles. Contemporary Social Science, 10(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2014.980840
Artino, A. R. (2010). Online or face-to-face learning? Exploring the personal factors that predict students’ choice of instructional format. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(4), 272–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.07.005
Artino, A. R., La Rochelle, J. S., Dezee, K. J., & Gehlbach, H. (2014). Developing questionnaires for educational research: AMEE Guide No. 87. Medical Teacher, 36(6), 463–474. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2014.889814
Arvanitis, T. N., Petrou, A., Knight, J. F., Savas, S., Sotiriou, S., Gargalakos, M., & Gialouri, E. (2009). Human factors and qualitative pedagogical evaluation of a mobile augmented reality system for science education used by learners with physical disabilities. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 13(3), 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-007-0187-7
Asher, S. R., & Weeks, M. S. (2013). Loneliness and Belongingness in the College Years. In R. J. Coplan & J. C. Bowker (Eds.), The handbook of solitude : psychological perspectives on social isolation, social withdrawal, and being alone (pp. 283–301). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118427378.ch16
Ashworth, P., & Lucas, U. (2000). Achieving Empathy and Engagement: A practical approach to the design, conduct and reporting of phenomenographic research. Studies in Higher Education, 25(3), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/713696153
Aspinall, E. (n.d.). 08 Apr COVID-19 Timeline. British Foreign Policy Group. https://bfpg.co.uk/2020/04/covid-19-timeline/
Astin, A. (1999). Student Involvement: A Developmental Theory for Higher Education. 40(5), 518–529. https://www.middlesex.mass.edu/ace/downloads/astininv.pdf
Astin, A. W. (1993). What matters in college?: four critical years revisited (First edition). Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Atherton, S., Antley, A., Evans, N., Cernis, E., Lister, R., Dunn, G., Slater, M., & Freeman, D. (2016). Self-Confidence and Paranoia: An Experimental Study Using an Immersive Virtual Reality Social Situation. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 44(01), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465814000496
Azar, A. J., Khamis, A. H., Naidoo, N., Lindsbro, M., Boukhaled, J. H., Gonuguntla, S., Davis, D., & Banerjee, Y. (2021). Design, Implementation and Evaluation of a Distance Learning Framework to Expedite Medical Education during COVID-19 pandemic: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205211000349
Azuma, R., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S., Julier, S., & MacIntyre, B. (2001). Recent advances in augmented reality. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 21(6), 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/38.963459
Badge, J. L., Dawson, E., Cann, A. J., & Scott, J. (2008). Assessing the accessibility of online learning. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 45(2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703290801948959
Baker, S. C., Wentz, R. K., & Woods, M. M. (2009a). Using Virtual Worlds in Education: Second Life® as an Educational Tool. Teaching of Psychology, 36(1), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986280802529079
Baker, S. C., Wentz, R. K., & Woods, M. M. (2009b). Using Virtual Worlds in Education: Second Life® as an Educational Tool. Teaching of Psychology, 36(1), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986280802529079
Balderas, A., Berns, A., Palomo-Duarte, M., Dodero, J. M., & Ruiz-Rube, I. (2017). Retrieving Objective Indicators from Student Logs in Virtual Worlds. Journal of Information Technology Research, 10(3), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.4018/JITR.2017070105
Bamford, J., & Pollard, L. (2018). Developing relationality and student belonging: The need for building cosmopolitan engagement in undergraduate communities. London Review of Education. https://doi.org/10.18546/LRE.16.2.03
Barabari, P., & Moharamzadeh, K. (2020). Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Dentistry–A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Dentistry Journal, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/dj8020053
Barber, M. (2021). Gravity assist Propelling higher education towards a brighter future. Office for students. https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/publications/gravity-assist-propelling-higher-education-towards-a-brighter-future/
Bardzell, S., & Odom, W. (2008). The Experience of Embodied Space in Virtual Worlds. Space and Culture, 11(3), 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331208319148
Barnard, A., McCosker, H., & Gerber, R. (1999). Phenomenography: A Qualitative Research Approach for Exploring Understanding in Health Care. Qualitative Health Research, 9(2), 212–226. https://doi.org/10.1177/104973299129121794
Barnard-Brak, L., & Sulak, T. (2010). Online Versus Face-to-Face Accommodations Among College Students With Disabilities. American Journal of Distance Education, 24(2), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923641003604251
Barr, M. (2021). Designing online courses for better learning and well-being outcomes. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/campus/designing-online-courses-better-learning-and-wellbeing-outcomes
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. 17(1), 112–121. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40862298
Batanero, C., Karhu, M., Holvikivi, J., Oton, S., & Amado-Salvatierra, H. R. (2014). A Method to Evaluate Accessibility in E-learning Education Systems. 2014 IEEE 14th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 556–560. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2014.163
Bateman, P. J., Gray, P. H., & Butler, B. S. (2011). —The Impact of Community Commitment on Participation in Online Communities. Information Systems Research, 22(4), 841–854. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1090.0265
Baxter, G., & Hainey, T. (2022). Remote learning in the context of COVID-19: reviewing the effectiveness of synchronous online delivery. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-12-2021-0086
Bayne, S. (2004). ‘Mere jelly’: the bodies of networked learners. Networked Learning 2004. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e0d0/beedd312c42807da2dbfba48b72fb54c56d1.pdf
Bayne, S. (2015). Teacherbot: interventions in automated teaching. Teaching in Higher Education, 20(4), 455–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2015.1020783
Beard, L., Wilson, K., Morra, D., & Keelan, J. (2009). A Survey of Health-Related Activities on Second Life. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1192
Beaudoin, M. F. (2002). Learning or lurking? The Internet and Higher Education, 5(2), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(02)00086-6
Becker, H. S. & ProQuest (Firm). (2018). Outsiders: studies in the sociology of deviance (Free Press trade paperback edition). Free Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4934644
Beetham, H., McGill, L., & Littlejohn, A. (2009). Thriving in the 21st century: Learning Literacies for the Digital Age (LLiDA project): Executive Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations. http://oro.open.ac.uk/52237/1/llidaexecsumjune2009.pdf
Beetham, H., & Sharpe, R. (2013). Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age: designing for 21st century learning (2nd ed). Routledge.
Beldarrain, Y. (2006). Distance Education Trends: Integrating new technologies to foster student interaction and collaboration. Distance Education, 27(2), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587910600789498
Bell, J., Cain, W., Peterson, A., & Cheng, C. (2016). From 2D to Kubi to Doubles: Designs for Student Telepresence in Synchronous Hybrid Classrooms. 7(3). https://www.learntechlib.org/p/209594/
Bellack, A. A., & Davitz, J. R. (1963). The language of the classroom, meanings communicated in high school teaching. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED003273
Bellocchi, A., Mills, K. A., & Ritchie, S. M. (2016). Emotional experiences of preservice science teachers in online learning: the formation, disruption and maintenance of social bonds. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 11(3), 629–652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-015-9673-9
Belonging at Leeds. (n.d.). University of Leeds. https://peopledevelopment.leeds.ac.uk/belonging-at-leeds/
Belonging, Being & Becoming - The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia. (2009). Australian Government Department of Education, Skills and Employment. https://www.dese.gov.au/national-quality-framework-early-childhood-education-and-care/resources/belonging-being-becoming-early-years-learning-framework-australia
Belonging inclusion and mental health are all connected. (2022). https://wonkhe.com/blogs/belonging-inclusion-and-mental-health-are-all-connected/
Benne, K. D., & Sheats, P. (2010). Functional Roles of Group Members. Journal of Social Issues, 4(2), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1948.tb01783.x
Bennett, L. (2014). Learning from the early adopters: developing the Digital Practitioner. Research in Learning Technology, 22. https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v22.21453
Bente, G., Rüggenberg, S., & Krämer, N. C. (n.d.). Social presence and interpersonal trust in avatar-based, collaborative net-communications. 54–61. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gary_Bente/publication/228873904_Social_presence_and_interpersonal_trust_in_avatar-based_collaborative_net-communications/links/00b49520887c2a10be000000.pdf
Bernie Trilling & Charles Fadel. (2012). 21st Century Skills. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John.
Berragan, L. (2011). SIMULATION: AN EFFECTIVE PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH FOR NURSING? http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/20108/7/Simulation%20an%20effective%20pedagogical%20approach%20for%20nursing.pdf
Bettinger, E. P., Fox, L., Loeb, S., & Taylor, E. S. (2017). Virtual Classrooms: How Online College Courses Affect Student Success. American Economic Review, 107(9), 2855–2875. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20151193
Biasutti, M. (2017). A comparative analysis of forums and wikis as tools for online collaborative learning. Computers & Education, 111, 158–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.04.006
Bill Cope, Mary Kalantzis, & Simon J. Appleford. (2010). Ubiquitous Learning. University of Illinois Press.
Billinghurst, M., Clark, A., & Lee, G. (2015). A Survey of Augmented Reality. Foundations and Trends® in Human–Computer Interaction, 8(2–3), 73–272. https://doi.org/10.1561/1100000049
Billinghurst, M., & Duenser, A. (2012). Augmented Reality in the Classroom. Computer, 45(7), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2012.111
Birtchnell, T., & Gibson, C. (2015). Less talk more drone: social research with UAVs. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 39(1), 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2014.1003799
Black, A. (2005). The use of asynchronous discussion: Creating a text of talk. 5(1). https://citejournal.org/volume-5/issue-1-05/english-language-arts/the-use-of-asynchronous-discussion-creating-a-text-of-talk
Blanchard, A. L., & Markus, M. L. (2002). Sense of virtual community - maintaining the experience of belonging. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 3566–3575. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994449
Blanchard, A. L., & Markus, M. L. (2004). The experienced ‘sense’ of a virtual community. ACM SIGMIS Database, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.1145/968464.968470
Bloom, B. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals.
Boellstorff, T. (2008). Coming of age in Second Life: an anthropologist explores the virtually human. Princeton University Press.
Boling, E. C., Hough, M., Krinsky, H., Saleem, H., & Stevens, M. (2012). Cutting the distance in distance education: Perspectives on what promotes positive, online learning experiences. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(2), 118–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.11.006
Bolliger, D. U., & Halupa, C. (2018). Online student perceptions of engagement, transactional distance, and outcomes. Distance Education, 39(3), 299–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2018.1476845
Bolliger, D. U., & Inan, F. A. (2012). Development and Validation of the Online Student Connectedness Survey (OSCS) Abstract. 13(3), 40–65. http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/1171/2206
Bolliger, D. U., & Martin, F. (2018). Instructor and student perceptions of online student engagement strategies. Distance Education, 39(4), 568–583. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2018.1520041
Bonde, M. T., Makransky, G., Wandall, J., Larsen, M. V., Morsing, M., Jarmer, H., & Sommer, M. O. A. (2014). Improving biotech education through gamified laboratory simulations. Nature Biotechnology, 32(7), 694–697. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2955
Booker, K. (2016). Connection and Commitment: How Sense of Belonging and Classroom Community Influence Degree Persistence for African American Undergraduate Women. 28(2), 218–229. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1111140
Booker, K. C. (2007). Likeness, Comfort, and Tolerance: Examining African American Adolescents’ Sense of School Belonging. The Urban Review, 39(3), 301–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-007-0053-y
Borgonovi, F., & Ferrara, A. (2020). Academic achievement and sense of belonging among non-native-speaking immigrant students: The role of linguistic distance. Learning and Individual Differences, 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101911
Borup, J., West, R. E., & Graham, C. R. (2012). Improving online social presence through asynchronous video. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(3), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.11.001
Bosch, J., Ridao, P., Ribas, D., & Gracias, N. (2015). Creating 360° underwater virtual tours using an omnidirectional camera integrated in an AUV. OCEANS 2015 - Genova, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS-Genova.2015.7271525
Boston, W., & Ice, P. (18 C.E.). Comprehensive Assessment of Student Retention in Online Learning Environments. E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/35779/
Boud, D. (2001). Using journal writing to enhance reflective practice. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2001(90). https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.16
Boud, D., Cohen, R. N., & Sampson, J. (2001). Peer learning in higher education: learning from & with each other. Kogan Page.
Boulos, M. N. K., Hetherington, L., & Wheeler, S. (2007). Second Life: an overview of the potential of 3-D virtual worlds in medical and health education. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 24(4), 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2007.00733.x
Boumadan, M., Soto-Varela, R., Ortiz-Padilla, M., & Poyatos-Dorado, C. (2020). What Factors Determine the Value of an Online Teacher Education Experience from a Teacher’s Perspective? Sustainability, 12(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198064
Bourdieu, P. (2002). The Forms of Capital. In N. W. Biggart (Ed.), Readings in Economic Sociology (pp. 280–291). Blackwell Publishers Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470755679.ch15
Bower, M., Howe, C., McCredie, N., Robinson, A., & Grover, D. (2014a). Augmented Reality in education – cases, places and potentials. Educational Media International, 51(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2014.889400
Bower, M., Howe, C., McCredie, N., Robinson, A., & Grover, D. (2014b). Augmented Reality in education – cases, places and potentials. Educational Media International, 51(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2014.889400
Boyle, J., & Ramsay, S. (2023). Writing for science students (2nd edition). Bloomsbury Academic, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=7203860
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bressler, D. M., & Bodzin, A. M. (2013). A mixed methods assessment of students’ flow experiences during a mobile augmented reality science game. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(6), 505–517. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12008
Broadribb, S., & Carter, C. (2009). Not. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(3), 547–550. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00950.x
Brodie, J., & Osowska, R. (2021). Supporting entrepreneurship students’ sense of belonging in online virtual spaces. Industry and Higher Education, 35(4), 353–359. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422221999264
Bromley, P. (2013). Active Learning Strategies for Diverse Learning Styles: Simulations Are Only One Method. PS: Political Science & Politics, 46(04), 818–822. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096513001145
Brooman, S., & Darwent, S. (2014). Measuring the beginning: a quantitative study of the transition to higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 39(9), 1523–1541. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.801428
Broughton, K. M. (2019). Students’ Sense of Belonging in Study Spaces [The Patton College of Education of Ohio University]. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=ohiou1571956186042992&disposition=inline
Brown, M., & Hughes, H. (27 C.E.). Understanding the student experience: Doing things better in studying first-time distance learners. European Distance and E-Learning Network 2014 Research Workshop. http://www.eden-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/RW_2014_Oxford_Proceedings_NAP.pdf#page=69
Brown, M., Hughes, H., & Delaney, L. (2015). Giving Voice to Distance Learners: Methodological Decisions and Challenges. http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=special&sp=articles&inum=6&article=673&article=682
Brown, M., Hughes, H., Keppell, M., Hard, N., & Smith, L. (2013). In their own words: Student stories of seeking learning support. Open Praxis, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.5.4.87
Brown, M., Hughes, H., Keppell, M., Hard, N., & Smith, L. (2015). Stories from Students in Their First Semester of Distance Learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v16i4.1647
Brown, M., Hughes, H., Keppell, M., Shillington, S., & Smith, L. (4 C.E.). Lights, camera, action: Gathering experiences of first time distance learners. Ascilite 2011 Hobart. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/31832693/Brown-concise.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1547745256&Signature=1AA5GpaOPDaXuyRSX%2BpPuxOb6KM%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DLights_Camera_Action_Gathering_Experienc.pdf
Brown, M., Keppell, M., Hughes, H., Hard, N., Shillington, S., & Smith, L. (25 C.E.). Living the new normal: reflections on the experiences of first-time distance learners. ASCILITE 2012: 29th Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education: Future Challenges, Sustainable Futures. https://eprints.usq.edu.au/24963/
Brown, M., Keppell, M., Hughes, H., Hard, N., Shillington, S., & Smith, L. (2012). Superficial social inclusion? Reflections from first-time distance learners. A Practice Report. The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.5204/intjfyhe.v3i2.130
Brown, M., Keppell, M., Hughes, H., Hard, N., & Smith, L. (1 C.E.). Stories of learning spaces from distant places. 36th Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia Conference (HERDSA 2013): The Place of Learning and Teaching. https://eprints.usq.edu.au/24060/
Brown, M., Keppell, M., Hughes, H., Hard, N., & Smith, L. (2013). Exploring the disconnections: Student interaction with support services upon commencement of distance education. The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.5204/intjfyhe.v4i2.171
Brown, R. E. (2001). The process of community-building in distance learning classes. 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1.1.467.113&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Brown, T. H. (2015). Exploring new learning paradigms in ODL: A reflection on the paper of Barber, Donnelly and Rizvi (2013): "An avalanche is coming: Higher education and the revolution ahead”. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v16i4.1952
Browne, T., Jenkins, M., & Walker, R. (2006). A longitudinal perspective regarding the use of VLEs by higher education institutions in the United Kingdom. Interactive Learning Environments, 14(2), 177–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820600852795
Bruns, A. (2009). Blogs, Wikipedia, Second life, and Beyond: from production to produsage: Vol. v. 45. Peter Lang.
Brunton, J., Brown, M., Costello, E., & Farrell, O. (2018a). Pre-induction supports for flexible learners: The Head Start Online MOOC pilot. A Practice Report. Student Success, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v10i1.434
Brunton, J., Brown, M., Costello, E., & Farrell, O. (2018b). Head start online: flexibility, transitions and student success. Educational Media International, 55(4), 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2018.1548783
Bryans Bongey, S., Cizadlo, G., & Kalnbach, L. (2010). Blended solutions. Campus-Wide Information Systems, 27(1), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/10650741011011246
Buckley, A. (6 C.E.). Evaluating an online induction course at the University of Strathclyde. 3rd International Enhancement in Higher Education Conference. https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/61301/
Bujak, K. R., Radu, I., Catrambone, R., MacIntyre, B., Zheng, R., & Golubski, G. (2013). A psychological perspective on augmented reality in the mathematics classroom. Computers & Education, 68, 536–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.017
Bullen, M. (1998). Participation and Critical Thinking in Online University Distance Education. 13(2). http://ijede.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/140
Burgess, A., & Ivanič, R. (2010). Writing and Being Written: Issues of Identity Across Timescales. Written Communication, 27(2), 228–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088310363447
Burgstahler, S. (2006). The development of accessibility indicators for distance learning programs. ALT-J, 14(1), 79–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687760500479753
Burgstahler, S., Corrigan, B., & McCarter, J. (2004). Making distance learning courses accessible to students and instructors with disabilities: A case study. The Internet and Higher Education, 7(3), 233–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2004.06.004
Burke, L. (22 C.E.a). Virtual Classes in a Virtual World. https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/article/2019/11/22/stanford-conducts-classes-virtual-world
Burke, L. (22 C.E.b). Virtual Classes in a Virtual World. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/article/2019/11/22/stanford-conducts-classes-virtual-world
Burke, P., Bennett, A., Burgess, C., Gray, K., & Southgate, E. (2016). Capability, Belonging and Equity in Higher Education: Developing Inclusive Approach. https://www.newcastle.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/243992/CAPABILITY-ONLINE.pdf
Butler, L., Bullin, C., Bally, J., Tomtene, M., & Neuls, E. (2016). Learn Where You Live, Teach From a Distance: Choosing the Best Technology for Distributed Nursing Education. 43. https://thenorthernreview.ca/index.php/nr/article/view/590
Cacciamani, S., Cesareni, D., Martini, F., Ferrini, T., & Fujita, N. (2012). Influence of participation, facilitator styles, and metacognitive reflection on knowledge building in online university courses. Computers & Education, 58(3), 874–884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.10.019
Cain, W., Bell, J., & Cheng, C. (2016). Implementing Robotic Telepresence in a Synchronous Hybrid Course. 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), 171–175. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2016.79
Campbell, k. (2021). Building Belonging in the Post-Pandemic Landscape. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355196274_Building_Belonging_in_the_Post-Pandemic_Landscape
Campbell, E. (8 C.E.). Twitter trolls: time for academics to fight back? Times Higher Education. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/twitter-trolls-time-academics-fight-back
Campbell, S. D., Carter-Sowell, A. R., & Battle, J. S. (2019). Campus climate comparisons in academic pursuits: How race still matters for African American college students. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 22(3), 390–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430218823065
Canning, E. A., LaCosse, J., Kroeper, K. M., & Murphy, M. C. (2020). Feeling Like an Imposter: The Effect of Perceived Classroom Competition on the Daily Psychological Experiences of First-Generation College Students. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(5), 647–657. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619882032
Carmichael, H., & Moore, B. (2020). Common Framework for Online Education. University of Southampton. https://www.southampton.ac.uk/chep/teaching-and-learning/common-framework.page
Carmigniani, J., & Furht, B. (2011). Augmented Reality: An Overview. In B. Furht (Ed.), Handbook of Augmented Reality (pp. 3–46). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0064-6_1
Carmigniani, J., Furht, B., Anisetti, M., Ceravolo, P., Damiani, E., & Ivkovic, M. (2011a). Augmented reality technologies, systems and applications. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 51(1), 341–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0660-6
Carmigniani, J., Furht, B., Anisetti, M., Ceravolo, P., Damiani, E., & Ivkovic, M. (2011b). Augmented reality technologies, systems and applications. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 51(1), 341–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0660-6
Caroline Haythornthwaite. (2007). The Internet in Everyday Life. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carr, S. (11 C.E.). As Distance Education Comes of Age, the Challenge Is Keeping the Students. 46(23), A39-41. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ601725
Carroll, D., Fulmer, C., Sobel, D., Garrison-Wade, D., Aragon, L., & Corval, L. (2011). Peer reviewed PDF on ERIC Download full text ERIC Number: EJ937180 Record Type: Journal Publication Date: 2011 Pages: 8 Abstractor: As Provided Reference Count: 36 ISBN: N/A ISSN: ISSN-0827-3383 School Culture for Students with Significant Support Needs: Belonging Is Not Enough. 26, 120–127. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ937180
Carvalho, L., Garduno Freeman, C., Kearney, A., Mentis, M., & Martinez-Maldonado, R. (2018). Spaces of inclusion and belonging: The learning imaginaries of doctoral students in a multi-campus and distance university. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 34(6). https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.4483
Cashmore, A., Scott, J., & Cane, C. (n.d.). "Belonging” and "intimacy” factors in the retention of students – an investigation into the student perceptions of effective practice and how that practice can be replicated. https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/system/files/resources/leicester_what_works_final_report_0.pdf
Caspi, A., Chajut, E., & Saporta, K. (2008). Participation in class and in online discussions: Gender differences. Computers & Education, 50(3), 718–724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2006.08.003
Catherine Bovill, Joy Jarvis, & Karen Smith. (2020). Co-Creating Learning and Teaching. Critical Publishing.
Cavanaugh, C., Repetto, J., Wayer, N., & Spitler, C. (2013). Online Learning for Students with Disabilities: A Framework for Success. Journal of Special Education Technology, 28(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/016264341302800101
Cazeaux, C. (2000). The continental aesthetics reader. Routledge.
Cerbone, D. R. (2006). Understanding phenomenology. Acumen.
Cha, E., Chen, S., & Mataric, M. J. (2017). Designing telepresence robots for K-12 education. 2017 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), 683–688. https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2017.8172377
Chambliss, D. F., & Takacs, C. G. (2014). How college works. Harvard University Press. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780674726093
Chan, C. H. (2015). Evaluation of a simulation-based workshop on clinical performance for emergency physicians and nurses. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.01.003
Chandratre, S. (2020). Medical Students and COVID-19: Challenges and Supportive Strategies. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2382120520935059
Chang, H.-Y., Wu, H.-K., & Hsu, Y.-S. (2013). Integrating a mobile augmented reality activity to contextualize student learning of a socioscientific issue. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(3), E95–E99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01379.x
Chang, K.-E., Chang, C.-T., Hou, H.-T., Sung, Y.-T., Chao, H.-L., & Lee, C.-M. (2014). Development and behavioral pattern analysis of a mobile guide system with augmented reality for painting appreciation instruction in an art museum. Computers & Education, 71, 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.09.022
Change, Y. (Eunice), & Hannafin, M. J. (2015). ‘THE USES (AND MISUSES) OF COLLABORATIVE DISTANCE EDUCATION TECHNOLOGIES Implications for the Debate on Transience in Technology’. 16(2), 77–92. http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/ps/i.do?ty=as&v=2.1&u=glasuni&it=DIourl&s=RELEVANCE&p=EAIM&qt=TI~%22THE%20USES%20%28AND%20MISUSES%29%20OF%20COLLABORATIVE%20DISTANCE%20EDUCATION%20TECHNOLOGIES%20Implications%20for%20the%20Debate%20on%20Transience%20in%20Technology%22~~SP~77=~~IU~2~~SN~1528-3518~~VO~16&lm=DA~120150101&sw=w&authCount=1
Chatterjee, R., & Correia, A.-P. (2020). Online Students’ Attitudes Toward Collaborative Learning and Sense of Community. American Journal of Distance Education, 34(1), 53–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2020.1703479
Cheal, C. (2009). Student Perceptions of a Course Taught in Second Life. 5(5). https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=innovate
Chen, B., & deNoyelles, A. (7 C.E.). Exploring Students’ Mobile Learning Practices in Higher Education. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2013/10/exploring-students-mobile-learning-practices-in-higher-education
Chen, C.-M., & Tsai, Y.-N. (2012). Interactive augmented reality system for enhancing library instruction in elementary schools. Computers & Education, 59(2), 638–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.001
Chen, C.-Y., Pedersen, S., & Murphy, K. L. (2012). The influence of perceived information overload on student participation and knowledge construction in computer-mediated communication. Instructional Science, 40(2), 325–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-011-9179-0
Chen, P.-S. D., Lambert, A. D., & Guidry, K. R. (2010). Engaging online learners: The impact of Web-based learning technology on college student engagement. Computers & Education, 54(4), 1222–1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.11.008
Chen, S. (1995). QuickTime VR – An Image-Based Approach to Virtual Environment Navigation (pp. 29–38). SIGGRAPH ’95: Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~ravir/6998/papers/p29-chen.pdf
Chen, S.-J. (2007). Instructional Design Strategies for Intensive Online Courses: An Objectivist-Constructivist Blended Approach. 6(1). https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/46551269/6.1.6.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1515851988&Signature=0S37BfMvyYvklZl4g05q8ykSz28%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DInstructional_design_strategies_for_inte.pdf
Chen, Y.-C., Chi, H.-L., Hung, W.-H., & Kang, S.-C. (2011). Use of Tangible and Augmented Reality Models in Engineering Graphics Courses. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 137(4), 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000078
Cheng, K.-H., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013a). Affordances of Augmented Reality in Science Learning: Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(4), 449–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-012-9405-9
Cheng, K.-H., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013b). Affordances of Augmented Reality in Science Learning: Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(4), 449–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-012-9405-9
Cheung, C. M. K., Chiu, P.-Y., & Lee, M. K. O. (2011). Online social networks: Why do students use facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 27(4), 1337–1343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.028
Cheung, W. S., Hew, K. F., & Ng, C. S. L. (2008). Toward an Understanding of Why Students Contribute in Asynchronous Online Discussions. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 38(1), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.2190/EC.38.1.b
Chi, H.-L., Kang, S.-C., & Wang, X. (2013). Research trends and opportunities of augmented reality applications in architecture, engineering, and construction. Automation in Construction, 33, 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.12.017
Chiang, T. H. C., Yang, S. J. H., & Hwang, G.-J. (2014). Students’ online interactive patterns in augmented reality-based inquiry activities. Computers & Education, 78, 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.05.006
Chickering, A. W., & Gamson, Z. F. (n.d.). Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education. 3–7. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED282491
Childress, M. D., & Braswell, R. (2006). Using Massively Multiplayer Online Role‐Playing Games for Online Learning. Distance Education, 27(2), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587910600789522
Chinyamurindi, W. T. (2018). Narratives of a sense of belonging: Perspectives from a sample of international students in South Africa. South African Journal of Higher Education, 32(3). https://doi.org/10.20853/32-3-2581
Chiu, C.-M., Hsu, M.-H., & Wang, E. T. G. (2006). Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities: An integration of social capital and social cognitive theories. Decision Support Systems, 42(3), 1872–1888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2006.04.001
Cho, E., Smith, K. R., & Hubert, S. K. (2021). Delivering Experiential Learning Through Virtual Study Tour and Alternative Internship Options During a Pandemic. Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences, 113(2), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.14307/JFCS113.2.14
Cho, Y.-H., Wang, Y., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2002). Searching for Experiences. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 12(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v12n04_01
Chrétien, L.-P., Théau, J., & Ménard, P. (2016). Visible and thermal infrared remote sensing for the detection of white-tailed deer using an unmanned aerial system. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 40(1), 181–191. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.629
Clark, M. A. (2009). Genome Island: A Virtual Science Environment in Second Life. 5(6), 1–6. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=innovate
Clarke, L. (2009). Video reflections in initial teacher education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(5), 959–961. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2008.00896.x
Clarke, T. (28 C.E.). Social Media Trolls: A Practical Guide for Dealing With Impossible People. Hootsuite. https://blog.hootsuite.com/how-to-deal-with-trolls-on-social-media/
Claro, S., Paunesku, D., & Dweck, C. S. (2016). Growth mindset tempers the effects of poverty on academic achievement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(31), 8664–8668. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608207113
Cobb, S., Heaney, R., Corcoran, O., & Henderson-Begg, S. (2009). The Learning Gains and Student Perceptions of a Second Life Virtual Lab. Bioscience Education, 13(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3108/beej.13.5
Cobb-Stevens, R. (2002). Introduction to Phenomenology by Robert Sokolowski. The Thomist: A Speculative Quarterly Review, 66(1), 159–163. https://doi.org/10.1353/tho.2002.0004
Codd, A. M., & Choudhury, B. (2011). Virtual reality anatomy: Is it comparable with traditional methods in the teaching of human forearm musculoskeletal anatomy? Anatomical Sciences Education, 4(3), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.214
Coe, R., Waring, M., Hedges, L. V., & Arthur, J. (Eds.). (2017). Research methods and methodologies in education (2nd edition). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K., & Askews & Holts Library Services. (2018). Research methods in education (Eighth edition). Routledge. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781315456522
Colbert, S. (2020). Robots replace students at Japan graduation ceremony amid Covid-19 outbreak – video. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2020/apr/08/robots-replace-students-at-japan-graduation-ceremony-amid-covid-19-outbreak-video
Coldwell, J., Craig, A., Paterson, T., & Mustard, J. (2008). Online students : relationships between participation, demographics and academic performance. 6, 19–30. http://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30017242
Cole, D., Newman, C. B., & Hypolite, L. I. (2020). Sense of Belonging and Mattering Among Two Cohorts of First-Year Students Participating in a Comprehensive College Transition Program. American Behavioral Scientist, 64(3), 276–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764219869417
Collins, A., Azmat, F., & Rentschler, R. (2019). ‘Bringing everyone on the same journey’: revisiting inclusion in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 44(8), 1475–1487. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2018.1450852
Collins, H., Glover, H., Myers, F., & Watson, M. (2016). Automation in distance learning: an empirical study of unlearning and academic identity change linked to automation of student messaging within distance learning. http://oro.open.ac.uk/46254/
Conrad, D. (2002). Deep in the Hearts of Learners: Insights into the Nature of Online Community. 17(1), 1–19. http://www.ijede.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/133
Conrad, O. (n.d.). Community of Inquiry and Video in Higher Education: Engaging Students Online. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED556456
Conrad, R.-M., & Donaldson, J. A. (2004). Engaging the online learner: activities and resources for creative instruction: Vol. v. 1 (1st ed). Jossey-Bass.
Constructivism and the technology of instruction. (1993). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Cooke, A., Smith, D., & Booth, A. (2012). Beyond PICO. Qualitative Health Research, 22(10), 1435–1443. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732312452938
Cooke, C. (n.d.). Research in belonging. https://miro.com/app/board/o9J_l2Mhowg=/
Cook-Sather, A., & Felton, P. (2017). Where Student Engagement Meets Faculty Development: How Student-Faculty Pedagogical Partnership Fosters a Sense of Belonging. 1(2). https://sehej.raise-network.com/raise/article/view/cook
Cooper, K. M., & Brownell, S. E. (2016). Coming Out in Class: Challenges and Benefits of Active Learning in a Biology Classroom for LGBTQIA Students. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-01-0074
Cooper, M. (2006). Making online learning accessible to disabled students: an institutional case study. ALT-J, 14(1), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687760500479779
Cooper, M., Ferguson, R., & Wolff, A. (2016). What can analytics contribute to accessibility in e-learning systems and to disabled students’ learning? Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge - LAK ’16, 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1145/2883851.2883946
Cooper, R. (2009). Constructing Belonging in a Diverse Campus Community. Journal of College and Character, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1085
Coronavirus. (n.d.). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
Coronavirus: Zoom under increased scrutiny as popularity soars. (1 C.E.). BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-52115434
Cortegiani, A., Russotto, V., Montalto, F., Iozzo, P., Palmeri, C., Raineri, S. M., & Giarratano, A. (2015). Effect of High-Fidelity Simulation on Medical Students’ Knowledge about Advanced Life Support: A Randomized Study. PLOS ONE, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125685
Cosido, O., Teran, L., Lopez, O. R., Sarachaga, M., Campi, M., Catuogno, R., Gutierrez, N. G., & Latorre, E. M. (2015). 3D tour through university spaces for the management and dissemination of the cultural heritage of the University of Cantabria. 2015 Digital Heritage, 667–670. https://doi.org/10.1109/DigitalHeritage.2015.7419594
Cottrell, S., & Morris, N. (2012). Study skills connected: using technology to support your studies. Palgrave Macmillan.
Cousin, G. (2009). Researching learning in higher education: an introduction to contemporary methods and approaches: Vol. Staff and Educational Development Series. Routledge.
Coy, K., Marino, M. T., & Serianni, B. (2014). Using Universal Design for Learning in Synchronous Online Instruction. Journal of Special Education Technology, 29(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/016264341402900105
Coyne, P., Pisha, B., Dalton, B., Zeph, L. A., & Smith, N. C. (2012). Literacy by Design. Remedial and Special Education, 33(3), 162–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741932510381651
Craig, A. B. (2013). Understanding augmented reality: concepts and applications. Morgan Kaufmann. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780240824086
Craig, P., Cooper, C., Gunnell, D., Haw, S., Lawson, K., Macintyre, S., Ogilvie, D., Petticrew, M., Reeves, B., Sutton, M., & Thompson, S. (2012). Using natural experiments to evaluate population health interventions: new Medical Research Council guidance. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(12), 1182–1186. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2011-200375
Creative techniques to support your laboratory practicals: Student engagement via interactive simulations, smart worksheets and more - STEM Conference 2018. (n.d.). https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/creative-techniques-support-your-laboratory-practicals-student-engagement-interactive
Crick Learning for Resilient Agency (CLARA). (n.d.). https://utscic.edu.au/tools/clara/
Crick, R. D. (2012). Deep Engagement as a Complex System: Identity, Learning Power and Authentic Enquiry. In S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Student Engagement (pp. 675–694). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_32
Crick, R. D., Broadfoot, P., & Claxton, G. (2004). Developing an Effective Lifelong Learning Inventory: the ELLI Project. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 11(3), 247–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594042000304582
Crisanto, M. A. L. (2018). Group reporting as a tool to enhance the quality of courses. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal, 13(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-01-2018-0006
Crisp, G., & Nora, A. (2010). Hispanic Student Success: Factors Influencing the Persistence and Transfer Decisions of Latino Community College Students Enrolled in Developmental Education. Research in Higher Education, 51(2), 175–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-009-9151-x
Cuendet, S., Bonnard, Q., Do-Lenh, S., & Dillenbourg, P. (2013). Designing augmented reality for the classroom. Computers & Education, 68, 557–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.015
Cummings, R., Phillips, R., Tilbrook, R., & Lowe, K. (2005). Middle-Out Approaches to Reform of University Teaching and Learning: Champions striding between the top-down and bottom-up approaches. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v6i1.224
Curcio, I. D. D., Dipace, A., & Norlund, A. (2016). Virtual realities and education. Research on Education and Media, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1515/rem-2016-0019
Curnock Cook, M. (2020). Connectedness, trust and student engagement. https://www.hepi.ac.uk/2020/03/24/connectedness-trust-and-student-engagement/
Currant, N. J. (2020). "My Stomach Churns”: Belonging and Strategies for Belonging for BME Students in a White University [Oxford Brookes University]. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/file/ea510237-87ca-4f14-bc9e-5e3edcffa073/1/Currant2020Belonging.pdf
Curry, C. (n.d.). Universal Design: Accessibility for All Learners. 61(2), 55–60. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.483.7152&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Dabbagh, N. (n.d.). The Online Learner: Characteristics and Pedagogical Implications. 7(3). https://www.learntechlib.org/p/22904/
Dabbagh, N. (2007). The online learner: Characteristics and pedagogical implications. 7(3). http://www.citejournal.org/volume-7/issue-3-07/general/the-online-learner-characteristics-and-pedagogical-implications
Dahlstrom-Hakki, I., Alstad, Z., & Banerjee, M. (2020). Comparing synchronous and asynchronous online discussions for students with disabilities: The impact of social presence. Computers & Education, 150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103842
D’Alba, A., & Jones, G. (2013). Analyzing the Effects of a 3D Online Virtual Museum in Visitors’ Discourse, Attitudes, Preferences, and Knowledge Acquisition. In K. F. Nettleton & L. Lennex (Eds.), Cases on 3D Technology Application and Integration in Education (pp. 26–47). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2815-1.ch002
Dale, G., & Shawn Green, C. (2017). The Changing Face of Video Games and Video Gamers: Future Directions in the Scientific Study of Video Game Play and Cognitive Performance. Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, 1(3), 280–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-017-0015-6
Dale, V., & Sheridan, N. (2021). Learners, Teachers and Places: A conceptual framework for creative pedagogies. 2(1). https://gla-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/g/personal/nathalie_sheridan_glasgow_ac_uk/ESyWVR7uy1RLo0lwByF44loBycwUHSZBd-QMke_EezMajA?e=4%3APflKVi&at=9&CID=6DBAA9B8-240B-4F32-9C61-BC74F21FC07A&wdLOR=c5AB6452F-539A-4F56-B424-430268C513E3
Dalgarno, B., Lee, M. J. W., Carlson, L., Gregory, S., & Tynan, B. (2011). An Australian and New Zealand scoping study on the use of 3D immersive virtual worlds in higher education. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.978
Darby, F. (2021). How to create human connection when teaching online. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/campus/how-create-human-connection-when-teaching-online
David, A., & Glore, P. (2010). The Impact of Design and Aesthetics on Usability, Credibility, and Learning in an Online Environment. 13(4). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ918574
Davies, J., & Graff, M. (2005). Performance in e-learning: online participation and student grades. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(4), 657–663. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00542.x
Davis, M. C., Can, D. D., Pindrik, J., Rocque, B. G., & Johnston, J. M. (2016). Virtual Interactive Presence in Global Surgical Education: International Collaboration Through Augmented Reality. World Neurosurgery, 86, 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2015.08.053
Davis, S. D. (2020). A Sense of Belonging Among Minority Students at a Southeastern State Flagship University [Abilene Christian University]. https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1243&context=etd
Dawson, S. (2010). ‘Seeing’ the learning community: An exploration of the development of a resource for monitoring online student networking. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(5), 736–752. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00970.x
de Faria, J. W. V., Teixeira, M. J., de Moura Sousa Júnior, L., Otoch, J. P., & Figueiredo, E. G. (2016). Virtual and stereoscopic anatomy: when virtual reality meets medical education. Journal of Neurosurgery, 125(5), 1105–1111. https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.8.JNS141563
de Freitas, S. I., Morgan, J., & Gibson, D. (2015). Will MOOCs transform learning and teaching in higher education? Engagement and course retention in online learning provision. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(3), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12268
De Lucia, A., Francese, R., Passero, I., & Tortora, G. (2009a). Development and evaluation of a virtual campus on Second Life: The case of SecondDMI. Computers & Education, 52(1), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2008.08.001
De Lucia, A., Francese, R., Passero, I., & Tortora, G. (2009b). Development and evaluation of a virtual campus on Second Life: The case of SecondDMI. Computers & Education, 52(1), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2008.08.001
de Souza, M. (2016). The Spiritual Dimension of Education – Addressing Issues of Identity and Belonging. Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/dcse-2016-0009
de Vries, L. E., & May, M. (2019). Virtual laboratory simulation in the education of laboratory technicians–motivation and study intensity. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 47(3), 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1002/bmb.21221
Deakin Crick, R., & Goldspink, C. (2014). Learner Dispositions, Self-Theories and Student Engagement. British Journal of Educational Studies, 62(1), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2014.904038
Deakin Crick, R., Huang, S., Ahmed Shafi, A., & Goldspink, C. (2015). Developing Resilient Agency in Learning: The Internal Structure of Learning Power. British Journal of Educational Studies, 63(2), 121–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2015.1006574
Decolonising SOAS Learning and Teaching Toolkit for Programme and Module Convenors. (2018). SOAS University of London. https://blogs.soas.ac.uk/decolonisingsoas/files/2018/10/Decolonising-SOAS-Learning-and-Teaching-Toolkit-AB.pdf
Dede, C. (2009a). Immersive Interfaces for Engagement and Learning. Science, 323(5910), 66–69. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1167311
Dede, C. (2009b). Immersive Interfaces for Engagement and Learning. Science, 323(5910), 66–69. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1167311
Dede, C., Jass Ketelhut, D., Whitehouse, P., Breit, L., & McCloskey, E. M. (2009). A Research Agenda for Online Teacher Professional Development. Journal of Teacher Education, 60(1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487108327554
Delahunty, J. (2012). ‘Who am I?’: Exploring identity in online discussion forums. International Journal of Educational Research, 53, 407–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2012.05.005
Delahunty, J., Verenikina, I., & Jones, P. (2014). Socio-emotional connections: identity, belonging and learning in online interactions. A literature review. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 23(2), 243–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2013.813405
Delaney, L., & Brown, M. (2018). To walk invisible: distance students in a dual-mode university. Distance Education, 39(2), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2018.1457948
Delaney, L., & Fox, S. (2013). The role of distance education in broadening access to Irish higher education. In: How Equal? Access to Higher Education in Ireland. http://doras.dcu.ie/19966/
Delanty, G. & Taylor & Francis Group. (2018). Community (Third edition). Routledge. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315158259
Dennen, V. P. (2008). Pedagogical lurking: Student engagement in non-posting discussion behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(4), 1624–1633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.06.003
Dennen, V. P., & Hao, S. (2014). Intentionally mobile pedagogy: the M-COPE framework for mobile learning in higher education. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 23(3), 397–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2014.943278
Denojean-Mairet, M. (2016). Telepresence Robot Enable Remote Lab in Distance Education [Athabasca University Library]. https://dt.athabascau.ca/jspui/handle/10791/189
Denojean-Mairet, M., Tan, Q., Pivot, F., & Ally, M. (2014). A Ubiquitous Computing Platform - Affordable Telepresence Robot Design and Applications. 2014 IEEE 17th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, 793–798. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSE.2014.162
Desk, T. (23 C.E.). Watch: Students from the Philippines attend cyber-graduation ceremony. The Indian Express. https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/cyber-graduation-virtual-graduation-philippine-high-school-graduation-6423820/
Developing digital literacies. (n.d.). https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/developing-digital-literacies
Devkota, K. R. (2021). Inequalities reinforced through online and distance education in the age of COVID-19: The case of higher education in Nepal. International Review of Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-021-09886-x
Dhawan, S. (2020). Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934018
Dhein, C. R. (2007). Current Perspectives on Distance Education in Veterinary Medicine. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 34(3), 286–291. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.34.3.286
Di Serio, Á., Ibáñez, M. B., & Kloos, C. D. (2013). Impact of an augmented reality system on students’ motivation for a visual art course. Computers & Education, 68, 586–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.002
Diaz, D. P., & Cartnal, R. B. (1999). Students’ Learning Styles in Two Classes: Online Distance Learning and Equivalent On-Campus. College Teaching, 47(4), 130–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567559909595802
DiGiacomo, D. K., Usher, E. L., Han, J., Abney, J. M., Cole, A. E., & Patterson, J. T. (2023). The benefits of belonging: Students’ perceptions of their online learning experiences. Distance Education, 44(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2155615
Digital Accessibility Guidance. (n.d.). University of Glasgow. https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/digitalaccessibility/
Digital Education Virtual Graduation, November 2017. (2017). University of Edinburgh media hopper Create. https://media.ed.ac.uk/media/Digital+Education+Virtual+Graduation%2C+November+2017/1_3uyjbwjy
Digital multimedia sharing in virtual worlds. (n.d.). Google Patents. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090106671A1/en
Digital multimedia sharing in virtual worlds. (2007). Google Patents. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090106671A1/en
Dill, E., Fischer, K., McMurtrie, B., & Supiano, b. (2020). As Coronavirus Spreads, the Decision to Move Classes Online Is the First Step. What Comes Next? https://www.chronicle.com/article/as-coronavirus-spreads-the-decision-to-move-classes-online-is-the-first-step-what-comes-next/?
Dimitoglou, G. (2019). Telepresence: evaluation of robot stand-ins for remote student learning. 35(3). https://doi.org/10.5555/3381569.3381582
Dirksen, A. N. (2022). An Exploratory Research to Students’ Sense of Belonging in Distance Education in Higher Education in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic [University of Twente]. http://essay.utwente.nl/91556/1/Dirksen_MA_BMS_2.pdf
Diwakar, V., Ertmer, P. A., & Nour, A. Y. M. (2003). Developing Interactive Course Web Sites for Distance Education and Characteristics of Students Enrolled in Distance Learning Courses. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 30(4), 351–357. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.30.4.351
Dixon-Woods, M., Fitzpatrick, R., & Roberts, K. (2001). Including qualitative research in systematic reviews: opportunities and problems. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 7(2), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2753.2001.00257.x
Donovan, C., & Erskine-Shaw, M. (2020). ‘Maybe I can do this. Maybe I should be here’: evaluating an academic literacy, resilience and confidence programme. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(3), 326–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2018.1541972
Doolittle, R. J., & Macdonald, D. (1978). Communication and a sense of community in a metropolitan neighborhood: A factor analytic examination. Communication Quarterly, 26(3), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463377809369297
Doreen B. Massey. (1994). Space, place, and gender. University of Minnesota Press.
Dos Santos, L. M. (2020). How Does COVID-19 Pandemic Influence the Sense of Belonging and Decision-Making Process of Nursing Students: The Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155603
Dost, S., Hossain, A., Shehab, M., Abdelwahed, A., & Al-Nusair, L. (2020). Perceptions of medical students towards online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional survey of 2721 UK medical students. BMJ Open, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042378
Doubleday, A. F., & Wille, S. J. (2014). We are what we do: Examining learner-generated content in the anatomy laboratory through the lens of activity theory. Anatomical Sciences Education, 7(5), 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1434
Downing, A., & Klein, L. (2001). A multilingual virtual tour for international students: The Web-based lbrary at Baruch College opens doors. 62. https://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/view/19381/22673
Drake, R. L., McBride, J. M., Lachman, N., & Pawlina, W. (2009). Medical education in the anatomical sciences: The winds of change continue to blow. Anatomical Sciences Education, 2(6), 253–259. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.117
Drea, J. (2021). Online? In Person? The Power of Letting Students Choose. https://hbsp.harvard.edu/inspiring-minds/online-in-person-the-power-of-letting-students-choose?
Driver, R. & Taylor & Francis Group. (2015). Making sense of secondary science: research into children’s ideas (Classic edition). Routledge. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315747415
Duckworth, A. L. (2013). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance. TED. https://www.ted.com/talks/angela_lee_duckworth_grit_the_power_of_passion_and_perseverance?language=en
Duffy, M. E. (2002). Methodological Issues In Web-based Research. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 34(1), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2002.00083.x
Duh, H. B.-L., & Billinghurst, M. (2008). Trends in augmented reality tracking, interaction and display: A review of ten years of ISMAR. 2008 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637362
Dukes, L. L., Koorland, M. A., & Scott, S. S. (2009). Making Blended Instruction Better: Integrating the Principles of Universal Design for Instruction into Course Design and Delivery. Action in Teacher Education, 31(1), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2009.10463509
Dunleavy, M., & Dede, C. (2014). Augmented Reality Teaching and Learning. In J. M. Spector, M. D. Merrill, J. Elen, & M. J. Bishop (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology (pp. 735–745). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3185-5_59
Dunleavy, M., Dede, C., & Mitchell, R. (2009). Affordances and Limitations of Immersive Participatory Augmented Reality Simulations for Teaching and Learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 18(1), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-008-9119-1
Dutile, C., Wright, N., & Beauchesne, M. (2011). Virtual Clinical Education: Going the Full Distance in Nursing Education. Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews, 11(1), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.nainr.2010.12.008
Dweck, C. (2014). The power of believing that you can improve. TED. https://www.ted.com/talks/carol_dweck_the_power_of_believing_that_you_can_improve
Dweck, C. S. (2013). Self-theories. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315783048
Dyment, J., Downing, J., & Budd, Y. (2013). Framing Teacher Educator Engagement in an Online Environment. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2013v38n1.6
Dziorny, M. A. (n.d.). ONLINE COURSE DESIGN ELEMENTS TO BETTER MEET THE ACADEMIC NEEDS OF STUDENTS WITH DYSLEXIA IN HIGHER EDUCATION. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1223343675?pq-origsite=gscholar
Eardley, W. A., Ashe, D. E., & Fletcher, B. D. (2016). An Ontology Engineering Approach to User Profiling for Virtual Tours of Museums and Galleries. International Journal of Knowledge Engineering, 2(2), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijke.2016.2.2.058
Ebert, L., Levett-Jones, T., & Jones, D. (2019). Nursing and Midwifery Students’ Sense of Connectedness Within Their Learning Communities. Journal of Nursing Education, 58(1), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20190103-08
Edirisingha, P., Nie, M., Pluciennik, M., & Young, R. (2009). Socialisation for learning at a distance in a 3-D multi-user virtual environment. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(3), 458–479. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00962.x
Education: From disruption to recovery. (2020). UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse
Edwards, A., Edwards, C., Spence, P. R., Harris, C., & Gambino, A. (2016). Robots in the classroom: Differences in students’ perceptions of credibility and learning between "teacher as robot” and "robot as teacher”. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 627–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.005
Edwards, J. D., Barthelemy, R. S., & Frey, R. F. (2022). Relationship between Course-Level Social Belonging (Sense of Belonging and Belonging Uncertainty) and Academic Performance in General Chemistry 1. Journal of Chemical Education, 99(1), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00405
El Sayed, N. A. M., Zayed, H. H., & Sharawy, M. I. (2010). ARSC: Augmented Reality Student Card. 2010 International Computer Engineering Conference (ICENCO), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICENCO.2010.5720437
Elias, T. (2010). Universal instructional design principles for Moodle. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v11i2.869
Elliott, G., Kao, S., & Grant, A.-M. (2004). Mattering: Empirical Validation of a Social-Psychological Concept. Self and Identity, 3(4), 339–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000119
Erichsen, E. A., & Bolliger, D. U. (2011). Towards understanding international graduate student isolation in traditional and online environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 59(3), 309–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-010-9161-6
Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2013). Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism: Comparing Critical Features From an Instructional Design Perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 26(2), 43–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.21143
Ertmer, P. A., Richardson, J. C., Belland, B., Camin, D., Connolly, P., Coulthard, G., Lei, K., & Mong, C. (2007). Using Peer Feedback to Enhance the Quality of Student Online Postings: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(2), 412–433. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00331.x
ETEC Virtual Graduation in Second Life. (2013). https://coe.hawaii.edu/about/events/2013/04/etec-virtual-graduation-second-life
Evans, C., Muijs, D., & Tomlinson, M. (2015). Engaged student learning. Higher Education Academy. https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets.creode.advancehe-document-manager/documents/hea/private/engaged_student_learning_high-impact_pedagogies_1568037336.pdf
Exter, M., Harlin, N., & Bichelmeyer, B. (2008). Story of a conference: Distance education students’ experiences in a departmental conference. The Internet and Higher Education, 11(1), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2007.12.003
Fabri, M., Moore, D. J., & Hobbs, D. J. (1999). The Emotional Avatar: Non-verbal Communication Between Inhabitants of Collaborative Virtual Environments. In A. Braffort, R. Gherbi, S. Gibet, D. Teil, & J. Richardson (Eds.), Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction (Vol. 1739, pp. 269–273). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46616-9_24
Farmer, B., Yue, A., & Brooks, C. (2008). Using blogging for higher order learning in large cohort university teaching: A case study. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1215
Farnadi, G., Sitaraman, G., Sushmita, S., Celli, F., Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., Davalos, S., Moens, M.-F., & De Cock, M. (2016). Computational personality recognition in social media. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 26(2–3), 109–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11257-016-9171-0
Farrell, O., & Brunton, J. (2020). A balancing act: a window into online student engagement experiences. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00199-x
Favila, A. (n.d.). Photo: ‘Cyber-graduation’ in Manila. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/live-blog/2020-05-22-coronavirus-news-n1212671/ncrd1212851#blogHeader
Feddy, K. (27 C.E.). ‘Virtual’ graduation ceremony. Manchester Evening News. https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/uk-news/virtual-graduation-ceremony-910609https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/uk-news/virtual-graduation-ceremony-910609
Fernández-López, Á., Rodríguez-Fórtiz, M. J., Rodríguez-Almendros, M. L., & Martínez-Segura, M. J. (2013). Mobile learning technology based on iOS devices to support students with special education needs. Computers & Education, 61, 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.09.014
Ferrel, M. N., & Ryan, J. J. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Medical Education. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7492
Fichten, C. S., Ferraro, V., Asuncion, J. V., Chwojka, C., Barile, M., Nguyen, M. N., Klomp, R., & Wolforth, J. (n.d.). Disabilities and e-Learning Problems and Solutions: An Exploratory Study. 12(4), 241–256. https://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.12.4.241
Field, A. P. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics: and sex and drugs and rock ‘n’ roll (4th edition). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Fiock, H. (2020). Designing a Community of Inquiry in Online Courses. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 21(1), 134–152. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i5.3985
Fisher, J. B., Keenan, T. F., Buechner, C., Shirkey, G., Perez‐Quezada, J. F., Knox, S. H., Frank, J. M., Runkle, B. R. K., & Bohrer, G. (2021). Once Upon a Time, in AmeriFlux. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 126(1). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG006148
Fitter, N. T., Chowdhury, Y., Cha, E., Takayama, L., & Matarić, M. J. (2018). Evaluating the Effects of Personalized Appearance on Telepresence Robots for Education. Companion of the 2018 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction - HRI ’18, 109–110. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173386.3177030
FitzGerald, E., Ferguson, R., Adams, A., Gaved, M., Mor, Y., & Thomas, R. (2013). Augmented Reality and Mobile Learning. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 5(4), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmbl.2013100103
Fitzpatrick, R., & Boulton, M. (1996). Qualitative research in health care: I. The scope and validity of methods. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 2(2), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.1996.tb00036.x
Flett, G., Khan, A., & Su, C. (2019). Mattering and Psychological Well-being in College and University Students: Review and Recommendations for Campus-Based Initiatives. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(3), 667–680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00073-6
Flores, P. (2018). Establishing a Cultural Connection and a Sense of Place - Virtual Tour. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/55886
Fokides, E., Papadakis, D., & Kourtis-Kazoullis, V. (2017). To drone or not to drone? Results of a pilot study in primary school settings. Journal of Computers in Education, 4(3), 339–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-017-0087-4
Foley, K., & Marr, L. (2019). Scaffolding Extracurricular Online Events to Support Distance Learning University Students. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2019(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/jime.525
Fombuena, A. (2017). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Spatial Thinking: Boarding Education With Geotechnology And Drones. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine, 5(3), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/MGRS.2017.2710054
Fonseca, D., Martí, N., Redondo, E., Navarro, I., & Sánchez, A. (2014). Relationship between student profile, tool use, participation, and academic performance with the use of Augmented Reality technology for visualized architecture models. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 434–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.03.006
Fostering a Sense of Belonging at our University, A Guide for Schools. (2020). University of Edinburgh. https://www.ed.ac.uk/files/atoms/files/belongingguide.pdf
Four Types of Disabilities: Their Impact on Online Learning. (2008). TechTrends, 52(1), 51–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-008-0112-6
Fox, J., Murray, C., & Warm, A. (2003). Conducting research using web-based questionnaires: Practical, methodological, and ethical considerations. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 6(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570210142883
Framework for Educational Leadership. (n.d.). http://www.scelscotland.org.uk/about-the-framework/
Francis, C. D. P. (n.d.). Students with disabilities experience in higher education online courses: An exploratory study of self-efficacy, use of assistive technologies and mobile media [FACULTY OF THE USC ROSSIER SCHOOL OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA]. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1027933799?pq-origsite=gscholar
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004a). School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004b). School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059
Freeman, D., Evans, N., Lister, R., Antley, A., Dunn, G., & Slater, M. (2014). Height, social comparison, and paranoia: An immersive virtual reality experimental study. Psychiatry Research, 218(3), 348–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.014
Freeman, T. M., Anderman, L. H., & Jensen, J. M. (2007). Sense of Belonging in College Freshmen at the Classroom and Campus Levels. The Journal of Experimental Education, 75(3), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.3200/JEXE.75.3.203-220
Furht, B. & SpringerLink (Online service). (2011). Handbook of augmented reality. Springer. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0064-6
Furrer, C., & Skinner, E. (2003). Sense of relatedness as a factor in children’s academic engagement and performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.148
Gagné, R. M. (1965). The conditions of learning. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Gagne, R. M., Wager, W. W., Golas, K. G., & Keller, J. M. (2005). Principles of instructional design (5th ed). Thomson/Wadsworth.
Galesic, M., & Bosnjak, M. (2009). Effects of Questionnaire Length on Participation and Indicators of Response Quality in a Web Survey. Public Opinion Quarterly, 73(2), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfp031
GALL, K., KNIGHT, D. W., CARLSON, L. E., & SULLIVAN, J. F. (2003). Making the Grade with Students: The Case for Accessibility. Journal of Engineering Education, 92(4), 337–343. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2003.tb00778.x
Gallon, L., Abenia, A., Dubergey, F., & Negui, M. (2019). Using a Telepresence robot in an educational context. https://hal-univ-pau.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02410364/document
Gao, J., Zhao, B., Tu, M., & Xiong, Y. (2018). The Construction of Online Learning Community for Learners’ Sense of Belonging. 2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSESS.2018.8663792
Garau, C., & Ilardi, E. (2014). The "Non-Places” Meet the "Places:” Virtual Tours on Smartphones for the Enhancement of Cultural Heritage. Journal of Urban Technology, 21(1), 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.884384
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (1999). Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2–3), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00016-6
Garrison, D. R., & Arbaugh, J. B. (2007). Researching the community of inquiry framework: Review, issues, and future directions. The Internet and Higher Education, 10(3), 157–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2007.04.001
Garrison, D. R., & Cleveland-Innes, M. (2005). Facilitating Cognitive Presence in Online Learning: Interaction Is Not Enough. American Journal of Distance Education, 19(3), 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15389286ajde1903_2
Garrison, D. R., Cleveland-Innes, M., & Fung, T. S. (2010). Exploring causal relationships among teaching, cognitive and social presence: Student perceptions of the community of inquiry framework. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(1–2), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2009.10.002
Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. D. (2007). Blended Learning in Higher Education. Jossey-Bass. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118269558
Gather. (n.d.). Gather. https://gather.town/about
Gavish, N., Gutiérrez, T., Webel, S., Rodríguez, J., Peveri, M., Bockholt, U., & Tecchia, F. (2015). Evaluating virtual reality and augmented reality training for industrial maintenance and assembly tasks. Interactive Learning Environments, 23(6), 778–798. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2013.815221
Gedeon, P., & Khalil, L. (2015). Management of the Transition to e-Learning in Higher Education Based on Competence Quotient. Procedia Computer Science, 65, 324–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.091
Geith, C., & Vignare, K. (n.d.). ACCESS TO EDUCATION WITH ONLINE LEARNING AND OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES: CAN THEY CLOSE THE GAP? 12(1), 105–126. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ837472
Geng, S., Law, K. M. Y., & Niu, B. (2019). Investigating self-directed learning and technology readiness in blending learning environment. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0147-0
George Floyd death: Thousands join London protest. (2020). BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-52907101
Getzin, S., Wiegand, K., & Schöning, I. (2012). Assessing biodiversity in forests using very high-resolution images and unmanned aerial vehicles. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3(2), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00158.x
Gewin, V. (2020). Five tips for moving teaching online as COVID-19 takes hold. Nature, 580(7802), 295–296. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00896-7
Gibb, J., Vasudev, A., & Helyer, R. (2018). Simulation provides deep learning opportunities for medical students intercalating in the biosciences. BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjstel-2018-000318
Gibbons, A. (2 C.E.). Coronavirus: Teachers warned of ‘zoombombing’ risk. Tes. https://www.tes.com/news/coronavirus-teachers-warned-zoombombing-risk
Gillani, B., & Gillani, R. (n.d.). From droughts to drones: an after-school club uses drones to learn about environmental science. http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/ps/i.do?p=EAIM&u=glasuni&id=GALE|A430496782&v=2.1&it=r&sid=summon&authCount=1#
Gleason, B., & Greenhow, C. (2017). Hybrid Education: The Potential of Teaching and Learning with Robot-Mediated Communication. 21(4). https://www.learntechlib.org/p/183770/
Glendinning, S. (2007). In the name of phenomenology. Routledge.
Go Pro Fusion. (n.d.). Go Pro. https://gopro.com/en/hk/shop/cameras/fusion/CHDHZ-103-FW.html
Goldie, J. G. S. (2016). Connectivism: A knowledge learning theory for the digital age? Medical Teacher, 38(10), 1064–1069. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2016.1173661
Gómez-Rey, P., Barbera, E., & Fernández-Navarro, F. (2016). Measuring teachers and learners’ perceptions of the quality of their online learning experience. Distance Education, 37(2), 146–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2016.1184396
González, C. (2012). The relationship between approaches to teaching, approaches to e-teaching and perceptions of the teaching situation in relation to e-learning among higher education teachers. Instructional Science, 40(6), 975–998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-011-9198-x
Gonzalez, L., Montes, G., Puig, E., Johnson, S., Mengersen, K., & Gaston, K. (2016). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Artificial Intelligence Revolutionizing Wildlife Monitoring and Conservation. Sensors, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/s16010097
Goodenow, C. (n.d.). The psychological sense of school membership among adolescents: Scale development and educational correlates. 30(1), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807
Goodenow, C. (1993). Classroom Belonging among Early Adolescent Students. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 13(1), 21–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431693013001002
Google Cardboard. (n.d.). Google. https://arvr.google.com/cardboard/
Google Daydream support. (n.d.). Google. https://support.google.com/daydream/?hl=en#topic=7105096
Gopalan, M., Linden-Carmichael, A., & Lanza, S. (2022). College Students’ Sense of Belonging and Mental Health Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Adolescent Health, 70(2), 228–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.10.010
Gorard, S. (2006). Using everyday numbers effectively in research. Continuum.
Gordon, M., Fell, C. W. R., Box, H., Farrell, M., & Stewart, A. (2017). Learning health ‘safety’ within non-technical skills interprofessional simulation education: a qualitative study. Medical Education Online, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2017.1272838
Gorini, A., Gaggioli, A., Vigna, C., & Riva, G. (2008). A Second Life for eHealth: Prospects for the Use of 3-D Virtual Worlds in Clinical Psychology. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1029
Gornitsky, M. (2011). Distance Education: Accessibility for Students With Disabilities. 8, 47–53. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1014264677?pq-origsite=gscholar
Gourlay, L. (2015). ‘Student engagement’ and the tyranny of participation. Teaching in Higher Education, 20(4), 402–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2015.1020784
Gourlay, L. (2022). Digital masks: screens, selves and symbolic hygiene in online higher education. Learning, Media and Technology, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2022.2039940
Graafland, M., Schraagen, J. M., & Schijven, M. P. (2012). Systematic review of serious games for medical education and surgical skills training. British Journal of Surgery, 99(10), 1322–1330. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.8819
Graduates Start a New Life via Second Life. (2010). https://online.bryantstratton.edu/slgraduation/
Graduating Student Attends Convocation Via Robot. (2015). George Mason University College of Education and Human Development. https://cehd.gmu.edu/news/stories/graduating-student-attends-convocation-via-robot
Graff, M. (2003). Individual Differences in Sense of Classroom Community in a Blended Learning Environment. Journal of Educational Media, 28(2–3), 203–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/1358165032000165635
Graham, C. W., & Moir, Z. (2022). Belonging to the university or being in the world: From belonging to relational being. 19(4). https://ro.uow.edu.au/jutlp/vol19/iss4/04
Graham, M., Zook, M., & Boulton, A. (2013). Augmented reality in urban places: contested content and the duplicity of code. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 38(3), 464–479. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00539.x
Granić, A., & Ćukušić, M. (2007). Universal Design Within the Context of e-Learning. In C. Stephanidis (Ed.), Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services (Vol. 4556, pp. 617–626). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73283-9_68
Graves, L., Asunda, P. A., Plant, S. J., & Goad, C. (n.d.). Asynchronous Online Access as an Accommodation on Students with Learning Disabilities and/or Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders in Postsecondary STEM Courses. 24(4), 317–330. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ966132
Gravett, K., & Ajjawi, R. (2021). Belonging as situated practice. Studies in Higher Education, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2021.1894118
Gravett, K., & Ajjawi, R. (2022). Belonging as situated practice. Studies in Higher Education, 47(7), 1386–1396. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2021.1894118
Gray, C. M. (2015). Critiquing the Role of the Learner and Context in Aesthetic Learning Experiences. In B. Hokanson, G. Clinton, & M. W. Tracey (Eds.), The Design of Learning Experience (pp. 199–213). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16504-2_14
Greenberg, B. S., Eastin, M. S., Skalski, P., Cooper, L., Levy, M., & Lachlan, K. (2005). Comparing Survey and Diary Measures of Internet and Traditional Media Use. Communication Reports, 18(1–2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/08934210500084164
Greenland, S. J., & Moore, C. (2014). Patterns of online student enrolment and attrition in Australian open access online education: a preliminary case study. Open Praxis, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.6.1.95
Gregory, S., & Bannister-Tyrrell, M. (2017). Digital learner presence and online teaching tools: higher cognitive requirements of online learners for effective learning. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-017-0059-3
Greiner, B., Caravella, M., & Roth, A. E. (2014). Is avatar-to-avatar communication as effective as face-to-face communication? An Ultimatum Game experiment in First and Second Life. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 108, 374–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.01.011
Groves, O., & O’Shea, S. (2019). Learning to ‘be’ a university student: First in family students negotiating membership of the university community. International Journal of Educational Research, 98, 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.08.014
Grow, G. O. (1991). Teaching Learners To Be Self-Directed. Adult Education Quarterly, 41(3), 125–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001848191041003001
Guizzo, E. (2010). When My Avatar Went to Work. IEEE Spectrum, 47(9), 26–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2010.5557512
Guri-Rosenblit, S. (2012). Open/distance teaching universities worldwide: Current challenges and future prospects. 2(4), 4–12. https://oerknowledgecloud.org/content/opendistance-teaching-universities-worldwide-current-challenges-and-future-prospects
Gustafson, D., Shaw, B., Isham, A., Dillon, D., & Spartz, J. (n.d.). Exploring the potential of the web-based virtual world of Second Life to improve substance abuse treatment outcomes. https://www.niatx.net/pdf/enews/september2008/secondlife_report.pdf
Guthrie, K. L., & Meriwether, J. L. (2018). Leadership Development in Digital Spaces Through Mentoring, Coaching, and Advising. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2018(158), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20291
Guy, R. S., & Lownes-Jackson, M. (2015). The Use of Computer Simulation to Compare Student Performance in Traditional Versus Distance Learning Environments. 12, 95–109. http://iisit.org/Vol12/IISITv12p095-109Guy1767.pdf
Guyotte, K. W., Flint, M. A., & Latopolski, K. S. (2021). Cartographies of belonging: mapping nomadic narratives of first-year students. Critical Studies in Education, 62(5), 543–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2019.1657160
Haddow, C., & Brodie, J. (2023a). What Works for ‘Authentic Belonging’ Enhancement in Criminology?. https://bscltn.wordpress.com/2023/04/17/what-works-for-authentic-belonging-enhancement-in-criminology/
Haddow, C., & Brodie, J. (2023b). Harnessing innovation approaches to support community and belonging in Higher Education. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2176907
Häfner, P., Häfner, V., & Ovtcharova, J. (2013). Teaching Methodology for Virtual Reality Practical Course in Engineering Education. Procedia Computer Science, 25, 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.11.031
Hagerty, B. M. K., Lynch-Sauer, J., Patusky, K. L., Bouwsema, M., & Collier, P. (1992). Sense of belonging: A vital mental health concept. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 6(3), 172–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(92)90028-H
Hagerty, B. M., Williams, R. A., Coyne, J. C., & Early, M. R. (1996). Sense of belonging and indicators of social and psychological functioning. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 10(4), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9417(96)80029-X
Hahn, N., Mwakatobe, A., Konuche, J., de Souza, N., Keyyu, J., Goss, M., Chang’a, A., Palminteri, S., Dinerstein, E., & Olson, D. (2017). Unmanned aerial vehicles mitigate human–elephant conflict on the borders of Tanzanian Parks: a case study. Oryx, 51(03), 513–516. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605316000946
Hakan Gurkanli, C. (2018). Exploring design requirements for educational robots used in K-12 education from educator’s perspective [Middle East Technical University]. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12622743/index.pdf
Halic, O., Lee, D., Paulus, T., & Spence, M. (2010). To blog or not to blog: Student perceptions of blog effectiveness for learning in a college-level course. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(4), 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.04.001
Hamann, B. P. (2022). Exploration of Sense of Belonging Phenomenon for Students Who Commute t Commute to Campus at Priv o Campus at Private, Not-F ate, Not-For-Profit, F oour-Year Institutions [Bellarmine University]. https://scholarworks.bellarmine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1137&context=tdc
Hamburg, I., Hamburg, A., Gavota, M., & Lazea, M. (2004). Integrating wireless technology in e-learning for disabled. Proceedings. 2004 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies: From Theory to Applications, 2004., 123–124. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTTA.2004.1307645
Han, F., & Ellis, R. A. (2019). Using Phenomenography to Tackle Key Challenges in Science Education. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01414
Handbook of research on Web 2.0 and second language learning. (2009). Information Science Reference.
Hanssen, S. (2016). Drone Class: Keeping Coursework Current as Technology Advances. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 40(10), 871–874. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2015.1102105
Harders, M. & SpringerLink (Online service). (2008). Surgical scene generation for virtual reality based training in medicine. Springer. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-107-7
Hargis, J. (n.d.). A Second Life for Distance Learning. 9(2), 57–63. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED501107
Harland, T. (2014). Learning about case study methodology to research higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 33(6), 1113–1122. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2014.911253
Harley, J. M., Poitras, E. G., Jarrell, A., Duffy, M. C., & Lajoie, S. P. (2016). Comparing virtual and location-based augmented reality mobile learning: emotions and learning outcomes. Educational Technology Research and Development, 64(3), 359–388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-015-9420-7
Harrington, R. (2018). Fascinating images reveal how people with autism see the world. https://www.businessinsider.com.au/how-autistic-people-see-the-world-2015-10#/#in-the-study-people-with-autism-tended-to-focus-on-the-center-of-images-even-when-other-objects-were-in-a-photo-1
Harrison, R., & Thomas, M. (2009). Identity in Online Communities: Social Networking Sites and Language Learning. 7(2). https://search.proquest.com/docview/223216120?pq-origsite=gscholar
Hartnett, M., St. George, A., & Dron, J. (n.d.). Examining Motivation in Online Distance Learning Environments: Complex, Multifaceted, and Situation-Dependent. 12(6), 20–38. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ963930
Harwood, E. M., & Kocovski, N. L. (2017). Self-Compassion Induction Reduces Anticipatory Anxiety Among Socially Anxious Students. Mindfulness, 8(6), 1544–1551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0721-2
Hasegawa, K., & Nakauchi, Y. (2014a). Telepresence robot that exaggerates non-verbal cues for taking turns in multi-party teleconferences. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction - HAI ’14, 293–296. https://doi.org/10.1145/2658861.2658945
Hasegawa, K., & Nakauchi, Y. (2014b). Facilitation of telepresence robot turn-takings by gesture exaggeration. 2014 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration, 650–654. https://doi.org/10.1109/SII.2014.7028115
Hashey, A. I., & Stahl, S. (2014). Making Online Learning Accessible for Students With Disabilities. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 46(5), 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059914528329
Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: a synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. Routledge.
Hausmann, L. R. M., Schofield, J. W., & Woods, R. L. (2007). Sense of Belonging as a Predictor of Intentions to Persist Among African American and White First-Year College Students. Research in Higher Education, 48(7), 803–839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-007-9052-9
Hawthorne, J. D. (2006a). Virtual Event Attendance Systems. Google Patents. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20080147430A1/en
Hawthorne, J. D. (2006b). Virtual Event Attendance Systems. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20080147430A1/en
Hays, E. R. (1970). Ego-threatening classroom communication: A factor analysis of student perceptions. 19(1).
Haythornthwaite, C., Kazmer, M. M., Robins, J., & Shoemaker, S. (2006). Community Development Among Distance Learners: Temporal and Technological Dimensions. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2000.tb00114.x
He, Y. (n.d.). Universal Design for Learning in an Online Teacher Education Course: Enhancing Learners’ Confidence to Teach Online. 10(2), 283–298. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1614680173?pq-origsite=gscholar
Help earning your CUNY degree. (n.d.). https://growingupnyc.cityofnewyork.us/programs/cuny-asap/#:~:text=CUNY%20ASAP%20helps%20students%20earn,colleges%20in%20all%20five%20boroughs
Heriot Watt University Virtual Tour. (n.d.). https://www.hw.ac.uk/virtual-tours/
Hernández-Sellés, N., & González-Sanmamed, M. (2019). Computer-supported collaborative learning: An analysis of the relationship between interaction, emotional support and online collaborative tools. Computers & Education, 138, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.012
Herridge, A. S., McNaughtan, J., & James, L. J. (2020). Online Orientation among Community College Students: Academic Engagement and Sense of Belonging. 27(1), 17–31. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2401888477/abstract/D9141AB7BC6F4CB0PQ/1?accountid=14116
Hew, K. F., & Cheung, W. S. (2008). Attracting student participation in asynchronous online discussions: A case study of peer facilitation. Computers & Education, 51(3), 1111–1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2007.11.002
Higgins, K., & Harreveld, R. E. (Bobby). (2013). Professional development and the university casual academic: integration and support strategies for distance education. Distance Education, 34(2), 189–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2013.801759
Higher Education Standards Panel Final Report - Improving Retention, Completion and Success in Higher Education. (2018). Austrailian Government Department of Education, Skills and Employement. https://www.dese.gov.au/uncategorised/resources/higher-education-standards-panel-final-report-improving-retention-completion-and-success-higher
Hiltz, S. R. (1994). The virtual classroom: learning without limits via computer networks. Ablex Pub. Corp.
Hiltz, S. R., & Wellman, B. (1997). Asynchronous learning networks as a virtual classroom. Communications of the ACM, 40(9), 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1145/260750.260764
History of Graduation. (n.d.). University of Glasgow. https://universitystory.gla.ac.uk/history-of-graduation/
Hockridge, D. (2013). Challenges for educators using distance and online education to prepare students for relational professions. Distance Education, 34(2), 142–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2013.793640
Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The Difference Between Emergency Remote Teaching and Online Learning. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning
Hodgson, J. C., Baylis, S. M., Mott, R., Herrod, A., & Clarke, R. H. (2016). Precision wildlife monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles. Scientific Reports, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22574
Hoffman, M., Richmond, J., Morrow, J., & Salomone, K. (2002). Investigating "Sense of Belonging” in First-Year College Students. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 4(3), 227–256. https://doi.org/10.2190/DRYC-CXQ9-JQ8V-HT4V
Hofstede, G. H., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind : [intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival] ([Rev. & exp. 2nd ed.]). McGraw-Hill.
Holcomb, K. (2022). "Where do we fit in?”: Exploring a Sense of Belonging Among Fat College Students. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2053&context=theses
Holland, J. (2013). The Excellent Online Instructor: Strategies for Professional Development. By Rena M. Palloff and Keith Pratt. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass, 2011. xxii + 176 pages. ISBN 978-0-470-63523-0. $42.00. Teaching Theology & Religion, 16, e17–e17. https://doi.org/10.1111/teth.12073
Hollander, J. E., & Carr, B. G. (2020). Virtually Perfect? Telemedicine for Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1679–1681. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2003539
Holliman, A. J., Hulme, J., & Wilson-Smith, K. (2019). Transition and adaptability in educational and organisational contexts. Psychology Teaching Review, 25(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsptr.2019.25.1.4
Honeychurch, S., Bozkurt, A., Singh, L., & Koutropoulos, A. (2017). Learners on the periphery: Lurkers as invisible learners. 20(1), 191–211. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1187845.pdf
Hookham, G., Nesbitt, K., Cooper, J., & Rasiah, R. (2014). Developing a Virtual Tour of a Community Pharmacy for Use in Education. 2(1), 33–37. http://www.it-in-industry.org/index.php/itii/article/view/10
Hoops, L. D. (2017). College Students’ Sense of Belonging and Instructor Messages about Student Success [The Ohio State University]. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=osu1492690711368004&disposition=inline
Horn, L., Rubin, O., & Schouenborg, L. (2015). Undead Pedagogy: How a Zombie Simulation Can Contribute to Teaching International Relations. International Studies Perspectives, n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111/insp.12103
Horton, R. (2020). Offline: CoHERE—a call for a post-pandemic health strategy. The Lancet, 395(10232). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30895-3
Hosler, K. A., & Arend, B. D. (2012). The importance of course design, feedback, and facilitation: student perceptions of the relationship between teaching presence and cognitive presence. Educational Media International, 49(3), 217–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2012.738014
Hou, H.-T., & Wu, S.-Y. (2011). Analyzing the social knowledge construction behavioral patterns of an online synchronous collaborative discussion instructional activity using an instant messaging tool: A case study. Computers & Education, 57(2), 1459–1468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.02.012
Howland, J. L., & Moore, J. L. (2002). Student Perceptions as Distance Learners in Internet-Based Courses. Distance Education, 23(2), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158791022000009196
Hrastinski, S. (2008). What is online learner participation? A literature review. Computers & Education, 51(4), 1755–1765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2008.05.005
Hrastinski, S. (2009). A theory of online learning as online participation. Computers & Education, 52(1), 78–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2008.06.009
Hu, Y.-H., Lo, C.-L., & Shih, S.-P. (2014). Developing early warning systems to predict students’ online learning performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 469–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.002
Huang, E. Y., Lin, S. W., & Huang, T. K. (2012). What type of learning style leads to online participation in the mixed-mode e-learning environment? A study of software usage instruction. Computers & Education, 58(1), 338–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.003
Huang, H.-M. (2002). Toward constructivism for adult learners in online learning environments. British Journal of Educational Technology, 33(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8535.00236
Huang, H.-M., Liaw, S.-S., & Lai, C.-M. (2016). Exploring learner acceptance of the use of virtual reality in medical education: a case study of desktop and projection-based display systems. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2013.817436
Huang, Y.-C., Backman, S. J., Chang, L.-L., Backman, K. F., & McGuire, F. A. (2013). Experiencing student learning and tourism training in a 3D virtual world: An exploratory study. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 13, 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2013.09.007
Hughes, G. (2007). Diversity, identity and belonging in e-learning communities: some theories and paradoxes. Teaching in Higher Education, 12(5), 709–720. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562510701596315
Hughes, G. (2010). Identity and belonging in social learning groups: the importance of distinguishing social, operational and knowledge‐related identity congruence. British Educational Research Journal, 36(1), 47–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920902834167
Huizenga, J., Admiraal, W., Akkerman, S., & Dam, G. ten. (2009). Mobile game-based learning in secondary education: engagement, motivation and learning in a mobile city game. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 25(4), 332–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2009.00316.x
Hulme, J. (2023). Belonging, being, and becoming: Exploring possible selves through the transitions into, through, and beyond higher education. https://higherpsyched.home.blog/2023/06/08/belonging-being-and-becoming-exploring-possible-selves-through-the-transitions-into-through-and-beyond-higher-education/
Hung, M.-L., Chou, C., Chen, C.-H., & Own, Z.-Y. (2010). Learner readiness for online learning: Scale development and student perceptions. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1080–1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.05.004
Hurtado, S., & Carter, D. F. (1997). Effects of College Transition and Perceptions of the Campus Racial Climate on Latino College Students’ Sense of Belonging. Sociology of Education, 70(4). https://doi.org/10.2307/2673270
Husén, T., & Postlethwaite, T. N. (1994). The International encyclopedia of education (2nd ed). Pergamon.
Hwang, G.-J., & Wu, P.-H. (2012). Advancements and trends in digital game-based learning research: a review of publications in selected journals from 2001 to 2010. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(1), E6–E10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2011.01242.x
Ian Roffe. (n.d.). Innovation and e-Learning. University of Wales Press.
Ibáñez, M. B., Di Serio, Á., Villarán, D., & Delgado Kloos, C. (2014). Experimenting with electromagnetism using augmented reality: Impact on flow student experience and educational effectiveness. Computers & Education, 71, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.09.004
Ilgaz, H., & Gülbahar, Y. (2015). A snapshot of online learners: e-Readiness, e-Satisfaction and expectations. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v16i2.2117
Illeris, K. (2014). Transformative Learning and Identity. Journal of Transformative Education, 12(2), 148–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344614548423
Imenda, S. N. (2018). On the Unity of Behaviourism, Cognitivism and Constructivism in Teaching and Learning. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 20, 86–95. http://krepublishers.com/02-Journals/IJES/IJES-20-0-000-18-Web/IJES-20-1-3-000-18-Abst-PDF/IJES-20-1-3-086-18-789-Imenda-S-N/IJES-20-1-3-086-18-789-Imenda-S-N-Tx[11].pmd.pdf
In Touch With The Future The Sense Of Touch From Cognitive Neuroscience To Virtual Reality. (2014). Oxford University Press.
Information technology and constructivism in higher education. (2009). Information Science Reference.
Iniesto, F. I., Rodrigo, C., & Teixeira, A. M. (n.d.). Accessibility analysis in MOOC platforms. A case study: UNED COMA and UAbiMOOC. http://www.esvial.org/cafvir2014/
Inman, C., Wright, V. H., & Hartman, J. A. (n.d.). USE OF SECOND LIFE IN K - 12 AND HIGHER EDUCATION: A Review of Research. 12(3/2), 67–85. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/af71/0510ffa6a156da8f283d1b1b7cfe01068812.pdf
Integrated Life Sciences Learning Centre (Bradford). (n.d.). https://www.bradford.ac.uk/life-sciences/lslc/
Interpersonal rejection. (2001). Oxford University Press.
Interviews. (n.d.). Imperial college london. https://www.imperial.ac.uk/education-research/evaluation/what-can-i-evaluate/sense-of-belonging/tools-for-assessing-sense-of-belonging/interviews/
Islam, M. (2021). Building belonging: Developing religiously inclusive cultures for Muslim students in higher education. Advance HE. https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/building-belonging-developing-religiously-inclusive-cultures-muslim-students-higher
Jaasma, M. A., & Koper, R. J. (1999). The relationship of student‐faculty out‐of‐class communication to instructor immediacy and trust and to student motivation. Communication Education, 48(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634529909379151
Jackson, A., Capper, G., & Blake, S. (n.d.). The four foundations of belonging at university. https://wonkhe.com/blogs/the-four-foundations-of-belonging-at-university/
Jackson, L. (2016). Sense of Belonging of Black Students in STEM Majors: A mixed methods study [Virginia Commonwealth University]. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5503&context=etd
Jadhav, D., Shah, P., & Shah, H. (2018). A Study to Design VI Classrooms Using Virtual Reality Aided Telepresence. 2018 IEEE 18th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), 319–321. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2018.00080
Jara, C. A., Candelas, F. A., Torres, F., Dormido, S., Esquembre, F., & Reinoso, O. (2009). Real-time collaboration of virtual laboratories through the Internet. Computers & Education, 52(1), 126–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2008.07.007
Jarmon, L., Traphagan, T., Mayrath, M., & Trivedi, A. (2009a). Virtual world teaching, experiential learning, and assessment: An interdisciplinary communication course in Second Life. Computers & Education, 53(1), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.01.010
Jarmon, L., Traphagan, T., Mayrath, M., & Trivedi, A. (2009b). Virtual world teaching, experiential learning, and assessment: An interdisciplinary communication course in Second Life. Computers & Education, 53(1), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.01.010
Jarmon, L., Traphagan, T., Mayrath, M., & Trivedi, A. (2009c). Virtual world teaching, experiential learning, and assessment: An interdisciplinary communication course in Second Life. Computers & Education, 53(1), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.01.010
Jefferies, A. (2009). Building the future student’s blended learning experience from current research findings (pp. 282–286). 8th European Conference on eLearning. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=qGw4tvVrKUEC&oi=fnd&pg=PA282&dq=Building+the+future+student%27s+blended+learning+experience+from+current+research+findings&ots=rb42KbuOxk&sig=Rr_6A7hZra2b8E1UYyrANAMAXfs#v=onepage&q=Building%20the%20future%20student’s%20blended%20learning%20experience%20from%20current%20research%20findings&f=false
Jefferies, A. (2010). Diversity and Conformity in the Use of Technology by ‘Net Generation’ Learners : Exploring Research Outcomes to Inform Future Academic Practice. 9th European Conference for E-Learning. https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/handle/2299/7987
Jefferies, A. (2015). Video diaries: a discussion of their use for researching the learner experience in higher education. International Journal of Learning Technology, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLT.2015.072359
Jefferies, A., Bullen, P., & Hyde, R. (1 C.E.). Researching Learners’ Journeys : STROLL: a JISC funded project (Student Reflections On Lifelong e-Learning). https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/handle/2299/8293
Jefferies, A. L., Hyde, R. S., & Bullen, P. R. (2008). ‘How it was for me…’: First steps on our Learners’ Journeys through HE. https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/handle/2299/3625
Jeffers, D. (2008a). Is there a second life in your future? In Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services conference - SIGUCCS ’08. SIGUCCS ’08: Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM SIGUCCS fall conference: moving mountains, blazing trails. https://doi.org/10.1145/1449956.1450012
Jeffers, D. (2008b). Is there a second life in your future? In Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services conference - SIGUCCS ’08. SIGUCCS ’08: Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM SIGUCCS fall conference: moving mountains, blazing trails. https://doi.org/10.1145/1449956.1450012
Jesionkowska, J., Wild, F., Fominykh, M., & Molka-Danielsen, J. (2020). Pandemic-Induced Constraints on Rapid Transformation to Digital Education. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2676/paper3.pdf
Jin, J., & Bridges, S. M. (2014). Educational Technologies in Problem-Based Learning in Health Sciences Education: A Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(12). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3240
Joan Mantz Yorke, L., Hill, M., O’ Mahony, J., & York, M. (2017). Supporting student success: strategies for institutional change. Higher Education Academy. https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/supporting-student-success-strategies-institutional-change
Johnson, C., & Taylor, J. (2019). Validity and Reliability of the Sense of Belonging Instrument with Online Graduate Nursing Students. 2019 Eighth International Conference on Educational Innovation through Technology (EITT), 16–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/EITT.2019.00012
Johnson, D. R., Soldner, M., Leonard, J. B., Alvarez, P., Inkelas, K. K., Rowan-Kenyon, H. T., & Longerbeam, S. D. (2007). Examining Sense of Belonging Among First-Year Undergraduates From Different Racial/Ethnic Groups. Journal of College Student Development, 48(5), 525–542. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2007.0054
Johnson, G. M. (2015). On-Campus and Fully-Online University Students: Comparing Demographics, Digital Technology Use and Learning Characteristics. 12(1). https://ro.uow.edu.au/jutlp/vol12/iss1/4/
Johnson, G., Scholes, K., & Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring corporate strategy: text and cases (8th ed). Financial Times Prentice Hall. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780273724186
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Cummins, M., Estrada, V., Freeman, A., & Hall, C. (n.d.). NMC Horizon Report: 2016 Higher Education Edition. The New Media Consortium. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/171478/
Jónasson, J. (2001). On-line distance education a feasible choice in teacher education in Iceland? [University of Strathclyde]. https://skrif.hi.is/rannum/files/2018/01/jonjonasson_thesis.pdf
Joo, Y. J., Lim, K. Y., & Kim, E. K. (2011). Online university students’ satisfaction and persistence: Examining perceived level of presence, usefulness and ease of use as predictors in a structural model. Computers & Education, 57(2), 1654–1664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.02.008
Joseph R. Gusfield. (1975). Community. B. Blackwell.
Jowsey, T., Foster, G., Cooper-Ioelu, P., & Jacobs, S. (2020). Blended learning via distance in pre-registration nursing education: A scoping review. Nurse Education in Practice, 44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102775
Jump, P. (2020). THE Leaders Survey: Will Covid-19 leave universities in intensive care? THE. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/leaders-survey-will-covid-19-leave-universities-intensive-care
Junco, R. (2012). The relationship between frequency of Facebook use, participation in Facebook activities, and student engagement. Computers & Education, 58(1), 162–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.004
Jung, T., Chung, N., & Leue, M. C. (2015). The determinants of recommendations to use augmented reality technologies: The case of a Korean theme park. Tourism Management, 49, 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.02.013
Kahu, E. (2014). Increasing the emotional engagement of first year mature-aged distance students: Interest and belonging. The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.5204/intjfyhe.v5i2.231
Kahu, E. R. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 38(5), 758–773. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.598505
Kahu, E. R., & Nelson, K. (2018). Student engagement in the educational interface: understanding the mechanisms of student success. Higher Education Research & Development, 37(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2017.1344197
Kahu, E. R., Stephens, C., Leach, L., & Zepke, N. (2013). The engagement of mature distance students. Higher Education Research & Development, 32(5), 791–804. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2013.777036
Kahu, E. R., Stephens, C., Zepke, N., & Leach, L. (2014). Space and time to engage: mature-aged distance students learn to fit study into their lives. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 33(4), 523–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2014.884177
Kahu, E., Stephens, C., Leach, L., & Zepke, N. (2015). Linking academic emotions and student engagement: mature-aged distance students’ transition to university. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 39(4), 481–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2014.895305
Kai‐Wai Chu, S., & Kennedy, D. M. (2011). Using online collaborative tools for groups to co‐construct knowledge. Online Information Review, 35(4), 581–597. https://doi.org/10.1108/14684521111161945
Kamarainen, A. M., Metcalf, S., Grotzer, T., Browne, A., Mazzuca, D., Tutwiler, M. S., & Dede, C. (2013). EcoMOBILE: Integrating augmented reality and probeware with environmental education field trips. Computers & Education, 68, 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.018
Kandiko, C. B. (n.d.). STUDENT EXPECTATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION. King’s College London and QAA. https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/learningteaching/kli/People/Research/DL/QAAReport.pdf
Kandlbinder, P., & Peseta, T. (2009). Key concepts in postgraduate certificates in higher education teaching and learning in Australasia and the United Kingdom. International Journal for Academic Development, 14(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/13601440802659247
Kara, M., Erdoğdu, F., Kokoç, M., & Cagiltay, K. (2019). Challenges Faced by Adult Learners in Online Distance Education: A Literature Review. Open Praxis, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.11.1.929
Kate Carruthers Thomas. (n.d.). Rethinking Student Belonging in Higher Education. Routledge.
Katz, J. E., & Halpern, D. (2015). Can Virtual Museums Motivate Students? Toward a Constructivist Learning Approach. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24(6), 776–788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-015-9563-7
Kaufman, D. M., & Mann, K. V. (2010). Teaching and Learning in Medical Education: How Theory can Inform Practice. In T. Swanwick (Ed.), Understanding Medical Education (pp. 16–36). Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444320282.ch2
Kaufmann, R., & Frisby, B. N. (2013). Let’s Connect: Using Adobe Connect to Foster Group Collaboration in the Online Classroom. Communication Teacher, 27(4), 230–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2013.798014
Keegan, D. (1993). Theoretical principles of distance education. Routledge.
Keeler, C. G., & Horney, M. (2007). Online Course Designs: Are Special Needs Being Met? American Journal of Distance Education, 21(2), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923640701298985
Kelly, B., Phipps, L., & Swift, E. (2004). Developing a Holistic Approach for E-Learning Accessibility. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology / La Revue Canadienne de l’apprentissage et de La Technologie, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.21432/T2D60S
Kelly, M., Lyng, C., McGrath, M., & Cannon, G. (2009). A multi-method study to determine the effectiveness of, and student attitudes to, online instructional videos for teaching clinical nursing skills. Nurse Education Today, 29(3), 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2008.09.004
Kelly, N., Reushle, S., Chakrabarty, S., & Kinnane, A. (2014). Beginning Teacher Support in Australia: Towards an Online Community to Augment Current Support. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2014v39n4.6
Kelly, P., & Stevens, C. (2009). Narrowing the distance: using e-learner support to enhance the student experience. http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2009&halfyea&article=380
Kemp, W. C. (2002a). Persistence of Adult Learners in Distance Education. American Journal of Distance Education, 16(2), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15389286AJDE1602_2
Kemp, W. C. (2002b). Persistence of Adult Learners in Distance Education. American Journal of Distance Education, 16(2), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15389286AJDE1602_2
Kenny, S., McGrath, B., & Phillips, R. (Eds.). (2018). The Routledge handbook of community development: perspectives from around the globe. Routledge.
Kentnor, H. (13 C.E.). Distance Education and the Evolution of Online Learning in the United States. 17. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2643748
Keppell, M., & Carless, D. (2006). Learning‐oriented assessment: a technology‐based case study. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 13(2), 179–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/09695940600703944
Kesim, M., & Ozarslan, Y. (2012). Augmented Reality in Education: Current Technologies and the Potential for Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 297–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.654
Keskitalo, T., Pyykkö, E., & Ruokamo, H. (n.d.). Exploring the Meaningful Learning of Students in Second Life. 14(1), 16–26. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/jeductechsoci.14.1.16.pdf
Khan, M. S. L., & Réhman, S. ur. (2015a). Embodied Head Gesture and Distance Education. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 2034–2041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.251
Khan, M. S. L., & Réhman, S. ur. (2015b). Embodied Head Gesture and Distance Education. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 2034–2041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.251
Khojasteh, N., Liu, C., & Fussell, S. R. (2019). Understanding Undergraduate Students’ Experiences of Telepresence Robots on Campus. Conference Companion Publication of the 2019 on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing - CSCW ’19, 241–246. https://doi.org/10.1145/3311957.3359450
Kibble, J. (2007). Use of unsupervised online quizzes as formative assessment in a medical physiology course: effects of incentives on student participation and performance. Advances in Physiology Education, 31(3), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00027.2007
Kidd, T. T., & Chen, I. (2009). Wired for learning: an educator’s guide to web 2.0. IAP, Information Age Publishing.
Kift, S., Nelson, K., & Clarke, J. (2010). Transition pedagogy: A third generation approach to FYE - A case study of policy and practice for the higher education sector. 1(1), 1–20. https://fyhejournal.com/article/download/13/60/13-1-153-1-10-20100802.pdf
Kim, D. J., & Zhang, D. (2011). The Effects of Sense of Presence, Sense of Belonging, and Cognitive Absorption on Satisfaction and User Loyalty toward an Immersive 3D Virtual World. In R. Sharman, H. R. Rao, & T. S. Raghu (Eds.), Exploring the Grand Challenges for Next Generation E-Business (Vol. 52, pp. 30–43). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17449-0_4
Kim, H. K., & Bateman, B. (2010). Student Participation Patterns in Online Discussion: Incorporating Constructivist Discussion into Online Courses. 9(1). https://www.learntechlib.org/p/28165/
Kim, J. (2013). Influence of group size on students’ participation in online discussion forums. Computers & Education, 62, 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.025
King, A. (1993). From Sage on the Stage to Guide on the Side. College Teaching, 41(1), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.1993.9926781
King, K. P., & Cox, T. D. (2011). The professor’s guide to taming technology: leveraging digital media, Web 2.0, and more for learning. Information Age Publishing.
Kinnison, T., Forrest, N. D., Frean, S. P., & Baillie, S. (2009a). Teaching bovine abdominal anatomy: Use of a haptic simulator. Anatomical Sciences Education, 2(6), 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.109
Kinnison, T., Forrest, N. D., Frean, S. P., & Baillie, S. (2009b). Teaching bovine abdominal anatomy: Use of a haptic simulator. Anatomical Sciences Education, 2(6), 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.109
Kipper, G., & Rampolla, J. (2012). Augmented reality: an emerging technologies guide to AR. Syngress. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9781597497336
Kirkman, M. A., Ahmed, M., Albert, A. F., Wilson, M. H., Nandi, D., & Sevdalis, N. (2014). The use of simulation in neurosurgical education and training. Journal of Neurosurgery, 121(2), 228–246. https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.5.JNS131766
Kirkwood, A., & Price, L. (2005). Learners and learning in the twenty‐first century: what do we know about students’ attitudes towards and experiences of information and communication technologies that will help us design courses? Studies in Higher Education, 30(3), 257–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070500095689
Kirriemuir, J. (n.d.). A Spring 2008 ‘snapshot’ of UK Higher and Further Education Developments in Second Life. Eduserv Foundation. http://www.silversprite.com/ss/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/snapshot-three.pdf
Kizilcec, R. F., & Kambhampaty, A. (2020). Identifying course characteristics associated with sociodemographic variation in enrollments across 159 online courses from 20 institutions. PLOS ONE, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239766
Klem, A. M., & Connell, J. P. (2004). Relationships Matter: Linking Teacher Support to Student Engagement and Achievement. Journal of School Health, 74(7), 262–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2004.tb08283.x
Klempka, A., & Stimson, A. (1 C.E.). Anonymous Communication on the Internet and Trolling. 1. https://digitalcommons.csp.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=comjournal
Kleven, N. F., Prasolova-Forland, E., Fominykh, M., Hansen, A., Rasmussen, G., Sagberg, L. M., & Lindseth, F. (2014). Training nurses and educating the public using a virtual operating room with Oculus Rift. 2014 International Conference on Virtual Systems & Multimedia (VSMM), 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1109/VSMM.2014.7136687
Klink, J. L., Byars-Winston, A., & Bakken, L. L. (2008). Coping efficacy and perceived family support: potential factors for reducing stress in premedical students. Medical Education, 42(6), 572–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03091.x
Klopfer, E., & Sheldon, J. (2010). Augmenting your own reality: Student authoring of science-based augmented reality games. New Directions for Youth Development, 2010(128), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.378
Klopfer, E., & Squire, K. (2008a). Environmental Detectives—the development of an augmented reality platform for environmental simulations. Educational Technology Research and Development, 56(2), 203–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-007-9037-6
Klopfer, E., & Squire, K. (2008b). Environmental Detectives—the development of an augmented reality platform for environmental simulations. Educational Technology Research and Development, 56(2), 203–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-007-9037-6
Knekta, E., Chatzikyriakidou, K., & McCartney, M. (2020). Evaluation of a Questionnaire Measuring University Students’ Sense of Belonging to and Involvement in a Biology Department. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-09-0166
Knight, H., Carlisle, S., O’Connor, M., Briggs, L., Fothergill, L., Al-Oraibi, A., Yildirim, M., Morling, J. R., Corner, J., Ball, J., Denning, C., Vedhara, K., & Blake, H. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Self-Isolation on Students and Staff in Higher Education: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010675
Koh, J., Kim, Y.-G., & Kim, Y.-G. (2003). Sense of Virtual Community: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Validation. 8(2), 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/10684415.2003.11004295
Kop, R., & Hill, A. (2008). Connectivism: Learning theory of the future or vestige of the past? The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v9i3.523
Kordi, M., Fakari, F. R., Khadivzadeh, T., Mazloum, S. R., Akhlaghi, F., & Tara, M. (2015). The Effect of Web-based and Simulation-based Education on Midwifery Students’ Self-Confidence in Postpartum Hemorrhage Management. 3(1), 262–268. https://doi.org/10.22038/JMRH.2015.3247
Kotsis, S. V., & Chung, K. C. (2013). Application of the "See One, Do One, Teach One” Concept in Surgical Training. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 131(5), 1194–1201. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318287a0b3
Kounavis, C. D., Kasimati, A. E., & Zamani, E. D. (2012). Enhancing the Tourism Experience through Mobile Augmented Reality: Challenges and Prospects. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 4. https://doi.org/10.5772/51644
Kouroupetroglou, G., Pino, A., & Kacorri, H. (n.d.). A Model of Accessibility Services Provision for Students with Disabilities in Higher Education (pp. 23–33). International Conference Universal Learning Design. http://access.uoa.gr/Unit%20Publicity%20Files/Kouroupetroglou_Brno_2011.pdf
Koutropoulos, A., Honeychurch, S., & Singh, L. (2019). Rethinking Lurking. eLearn, 2019(5). https://doi.org/10.1145/3329488.3331169
Kramer, R., Modsching, M., ten Hagen, K., & Gretzel, U. (2007). Behavioural Impacts of Mobile Tour Guides. In M. Sigala, L. Mich, & J. Murphy (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2007 (pp. 109–118). Springer Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-69566-1_11
Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy: An Overview. Theory Into Practice, 41(4), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4104_2
Kristoffersson, A., Coradeschi, S., & Loutfi, A. (2013). A Review of Mobile Robotic Telepresence. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2013, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/902316
Kubincova, E., Dale, V. H. M., & Kerr, J. (2018). How a MOOC can effectively facilitate student transitions to an online distance postgraduate programme. Research in Learning Technology, 26. https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v26.2055
Küçük, M. (2010). Lurking in online asynchronous discussion. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 2260–2263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.319
Kuh, G. D. (2001a). Assessing What Really Matters to Student Learning Inside The National Survey of Student Engagement. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 33(3), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091380109601795
Kuh, G. D. (2001b). Assessing What Really Matters to Student Learning Inside The National Survey of Student Engagement. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 33(3), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091380109601795
Kuhn, K.-A. L., Russell-Bennett, R., & Rundle-Thiele, S. (2015). Promoting Student Learning with Online Videos: A Research Agenda. In D. R. Deeter-Schmelz (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2010 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 206–210). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11797-3_118
Kumar, K. L., & Owston, R. (2016). Evaluating e-learning accessibility by automated and student-centered methods. Educational Technology Research and Development, 64(2), 263–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-015-9413-6
Kuo, Y.-C., Walker, A. E., Schroder, K. E. E., & Belland, B. R. (2014). Interaction, Internet self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning as predictors of student satisfaction in online education courses. The Internet and Higher Education, 20, 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.10.001
Kuong, H. C. (2015). Enhancing Online Learning Experience: From Learners’ Perspective. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 1002–1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.403
Kurucay, M., & Inan, F. A. (2017). Examining the effects of learner-learner interactions on satisfaction and learning in an online undergraduate course. Computers & Education, 115, 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.06.010
La Cerra, C., Dante, A., Caponnetto, V., Franconi, I., Gaxhja, E., Petrucci, C., Alfes, C. M., & Lancia, L. (2019). Effects of high-fidelity simulation based on life-threatening clinical condition scenarios on learning outcomes of undergraduate and postgraduate nursing students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025306
Labster. (n.d.). Labster. https://www.labster.com/
Lagier, J. (2003). Distance learning and the minority student: special needs and opportunities. The Internet and Higher Education, 6(2), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(03)00023-X
Lai, H.-M., & Chen, T. T. (2014). Knowledge sharing in interest online communities: A comparison of posters and lurkers. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.004
Lai, P. (2017). THE LITERATURE REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION MODELS AND THEORIES FOR THE NOVELTY TECHNOLOGY. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4301/S1807-17752017000100002
Lancaster, C. (2020). A study of sense of belonging and its relationship with engagement, persistence, and intersectionality in higher education [Eastern Michigan University]. https://commons.emich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2397&context=theses
Lane, F. C., Martin, G. L., & Henson, R. K. (2015). A Multidimensional Comparison of Traditional, Transfer, and Online Students’ University Attachment. 56(7), 746–751. http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/article/597273
Langdridge, D. (2007). Phenomenological psychology: theory, research, and method. Pearson Education.
Language learning strategies in independent settings. (2008). Multilingual Matters.
LaRocco, D. J., & Wilken, D. S. (2013). Universal Design for Learning: University Faculty Stages of Concerns and Levels of Use. 16(1). https://cie.asu.edu/ojs/index.php/cieatasu/article/view/1132
Larsson, J., & Holmström, I. (2007). Phenomenographic or phenomenological analysis: does it matter? Examples from a study on anaesthesiologists’ work. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 2(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482620601068105
Latulipe, C., & De Jaeger, A. (2022). Comparing Student Experiences of Collaborative Learning in Synchronous CS1 Classes in Gather.Town vs. Zoom. Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 411–417. https://doi.org/10.1145/3478431.3499383
Lau, J., & Dasgupta, B. Y. R. (2020). Will the coronavirus make online education go viral? https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/will-coronavirus-make-online-education-go-viral
Laurie, M. M. (2020). eService-Learning. In J. A. Delello & R. R. McWhorter (Eds.), Disruptive and Emerging Technology Trends Across Education and the Workplace (pp. 116–142). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2914-0.ch005
Laurillard, D. (1993). Rethinking university teaching: a framework for the effective use of educational technology. Routledge.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press.
Le, Q. T., Pedro, A., & Park, C. S. (2015). A Social Virtual Reality Based Construction Safety Education System for Experiential Learning. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 79(3–4), 487–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-014-0112-z
Learning and teaching reimagined. (2020). JISC. https://www.jisc.ac.uk/sites/default/files/ltr-report-change-and-challenge-for-students-staff-and-leaders-aug-2020.pdf
Leatherdale, S. T. (2019). Natural experiment methodology for research: a review of how different methods can support real-world research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 22(1), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2018.1488449
Leathwood, C., & O’Connell, P. (2003). ‘It’s a struggle’: the construction of the ‘new student’ in higher education. Journal of Education Policy, 18(6), 597–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093032000145863
Leavitt, H. J., Pondy, L. R., & Boje, D. M. (1989). Readings in managerial psychology (4th ed). Chicago U.P.
Lee, G. A., Dunser, A., Nassani, A., & Billinghurst, M. (2013). AntarcticAR: An outdoor AR experience of a virtual tour to Antarctica. 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality - Arts, Media, and Humanities (ISMAR-AMH), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-AMH.2013.6671264
Lee, J.-S. (2014). The Relationship Between Student Engagement and Academic Performance: Is It a Myth or Reality? The Journal of Educational Research, 107(3), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2013.807491
Lee, K., Choi, H., & Cho, Y. H. (2019). Becoming a competent self: A developmental process of adult distance learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 41, 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2018.12.001
Lee, S., Choi, J., & Park, J. (2009). Interactive e-learning system using pattern recognition and augmented reality. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 55(2), 883–890. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2009.5174470
Lee, S. H. (Mark), Sergueeva, K., Catangui, M., & Kandaurova, M. (2017). Assessing Google Cardboard virtual reality as a content delivery system in business classrooms. Journal of Education for Business, 92(4), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2017.1308308
Leeds, E., Campbell, S., Baker, H., Ali, R., Brawley, D., & Crisp, J. (2013). The impact of student retention strategies: an empirical study. International Journal of Management in Education, 7(1/2). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMIE.2013.050812
Leese, M. (2010). Bridging the gap: supporting student transitions into higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 34(2), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098771003695494
Lei, M., Clemente, I. M., & Hu, Y. (2019a). Student in the shell: The robotic body and student engagement. Computers & Education, 130, 59–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.11.008
Lei, M., Clemente, I. M., & Hu, Y. (2019b). Engagement data of robotic students in a synchronous-hybrid course. Data in Brief, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.103822
Lenards, N. (2011). Student Perceptions of an Online Medical Dosimetry Program. Medical Dosimetry, 36(2), 178–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meddos.2010.03.001
Lenchus, J. D. (n.d.). End of the "See One, Do One, Teach One” Era: The Next Generation of Invasive Bedside Procedural Instruction. 110, 340–346. http://jaoa.org/article.aspx?articleid=2094047
Leon, K., & Pigg, S. (2011). Graduate Students Professionalizing in Digital Time/Space: A View From "Down Below”. Computers and Composition, 28(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2010.12.002
Lestander, Ö., Lehto, N., & Engström, Å. (2016). Nursing students’ perceptions of learning after high fidelity simulation: Effects of a Three-step Post-simulation Reflection Model. Nurse Education Today, 40, 219–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.03.011
Lewis, J. L. (2009). Student Attitudes Toward Impairment and Accessibility: an Evaluation of Awareness Training for Urban Planning Students. Vocations and Learning, 2(2), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-009-9020-y
Lim, D. H., Morris, M. L., & Kupritz, V. W. (2019). ONLINE VS. BLENDED LEARNING: DIFFERENCES IN INSTRUCTIONAL OUTCOMES AND LEARNER SATISFACTION. Online Learning, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v11i2.1725
LIm, D. H., Morris, M. L., & Kurpritz, V. W. (2007). Online vs. Blended Learning: Differences in Instructional Outcomes and Learner Satisfaction. 11, 27–42. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ842695
Lim, E. C., Oh, V. M., Koh, D., & Seet, R. C. (2009). The Challenges of "Continuing Medical Education” in a Pandemic Era. 38(8), 724–726. https://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf/38VolNo8Aug2009/V38N8p724.pdf
Lin, C.-L., Hou, H.-T., & Tsai, C.-C. (2016). Analyzing the Social Knowledge Construction and Online Searching Behavior of High School Learners During a Collaborative Problem Solving Learning Activity: a Multi-Dimensional Behavioral Pattern Analysis. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 25(5–6), 893–906. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-016-0317-y
Lin, T.-J., Duh, H. B.-L., Li, N., Wang, H.-Y., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013). An investigation of learners’ collaborative knowledge construction performances and behavior patterns in an augmented reality simulation system. Computers & Education, 68, 314–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.05.011
Lindgren, R., & Johnson-Glenberg, M. (2013). Emboldened by Embodiment. Educational Researcher, 42(8), 445–452. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X13511661
Lindsay, W. K. (2017). A Summary of Four Key Issues Affecting Distance Education. In T. Kidd & L. R. Morris, Jr. (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Instructional Systems and Educational Technology (pp. 37–44). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2399-4.ch004
Liu, X., Magjuka, R. J., Bonk, C. J., & Lee, S. (2007). DOES SENSE OF COMMUNITY MATTER? An Examination of Participants’ Perceptions of Building Learning Communities in Online Courses. 8(1), 87–88. https://search.proquest.com/docview/231180604?pq-origsite=gscholar
Liu, Y. Q., & Briggs, S. (2015). A Library in the Palm of Your Hand: Mobile Services in Top 100 University Libraries. Information Technology and Libraries, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v34i2.5650
Locks, A. M., Hurtado, S., Bowman, N. A., & Oseguera, L. (2008). Extending Notions of Campus Climate and Diversity to Students’ Transition to College. The Review of Higher Education, 31(3), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2008.0011
Looi, Q. E., & See, S. L. (2011). Assessing the Suitability of MMORPGs as Educational Games Using HCI Evaluation Methods. In A. Abd Manaf, A. Zeki, M. Zamani, S. Chuprat, & E. El-Qawasmeh (Eds.), Informatics Engineering and Information Science (Vol. 252, pp. 289–298). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25453-6_26
Lopez, S. J., & Louis, M. C. (2009). The Principles of Strengths-Based Education. Journal of College and Character, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1041
Lowe, C. (2009). Graduate Student Perceptions of Learning in a Virtual World. 25th Annual Conference on Distance Learning.
Lowe, C., & Clark, M. A. (2008). Student Perceptions of Learning Science in a Virtual World. University of Wisconsin.
Lowe, H., & Cook, A. (2003). Mind the Gap: Are students prepared for higher education? Journal of Further and Higher Education, 27(1), 53–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098770305629
Lozar, F., Clari, P., Dela Pierre, F., Natalicchio, M., Bernardi, E., Violanti, D., Costa, E., & Giardino, M. (2015). Virtual Tour of Past Environmental and Climate Change: the Messinian Succession of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (Italy). Geoheritage, 7(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-014-0098-8
Lucas, P., Wilkinson, H., Rae, S., Dean, B., Eady, M., Capocchiano, H., Trede, F., & Yuen, L. (2021). Knowing me, Knowing you: Humanitas in work-integrated learning during adversity. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 159–176. https://doi.org/10.53761/1.18.7.10
Ludlow, P. (1996). High noon on the electronic frontier: conceptual issues in cyberspace. MIT Press.
Ludwig-hardman, S., & Dunlap, J. C. (2003). Learner Support Services for Online Students: Scaffolding for success. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v4i1.131
Luévano, E., Lara, E. L. de, & Castro, J. E. (2015). Use of Telepresence and Holographic Projection Mobile Device for College Degree Level. Procedia Computer Science, 75, 339–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.256
Luursema, J.-M., Buzink, S. N., Verwey, W. B., & Jakimowicz, J. J. (2010). Visuo-spatial ability in colonoscopy simulator training. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 15(5), 685–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-010-9230-y
Luursema, J.-M., Vorstenbosch, M., & Kooloos, J. (2017a). Stereopsis, Visuospatial Ability, and Virtual Reality in Anatomy Learning. Anatomy Research International, 2017, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1493135
Luursema, J.-M., Vorstenbosch, M., & Kooloos, J. (2017b). Stereopsis, Visuospatial Ability, and Virtual Reality in Anatomy Learning. Anatomy Research International, 2017, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1493135
Luzón, M.-J. (2018). Constructing academic identities online: Identity performance in research group blogs written by multilingual scholars. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 33, 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2018.01.004
Ma, W. W. K., & Yuen, A. H. K. (2011). Understanding online knowledge sharing: An interpersonal relationship perspective. Computers & Education, 56(1), 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.08.004
MacKay, M. (2020). COVID-19 response: EdTech expertise strengthening remote learning transition. https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196253/covid-19-response-edtech-expertise-strengthening-remote/
MacKeogh, K., & Fox, S. (2009). Strategies for Embedding e-Learning in Traditional Universities: Drivers and Barriers. 7(2), 147–154. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ867112.pdf
Macleod, H., Sinclair, C., Haywood, J., & Woodgate, A. (2016). Massive Open Online Courses: designing for the unknown learner. Teaching in Higher Education, 21(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2015.1101680
Maestas, R., Vaquera, G. S., & Zehr, L. M. (2007). Factors Impacting Sense of Belonging at a Hispanic-Serving Institution. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 6(3), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192707302801
Mahdy, M. A. A. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Academic Performance of Veterinary Medical Students. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.594261
Maines, C., & Tang, S. (2015a). An Application of Game Technology to Virtual University Campus Tour and Interior Navigation. 2015 International Conference on Developments of E-Systems Engineering (DeSE), 341–346. https://doi.org/10.1109/DeSE.2015.15
Maines, C., & Tang, S. (2015b). An Application of Game Technology to Virtual University Campus Tour and Interior Navigation. 2015 International Conference on Developments of E-Systems Engineering (DeSE), 341–346. https://doi.org/10.1109/DeSE.2015.15
Makransky, G., & Lilleholt, L. (2018). A structural equation modeling investigation of the emotional value of immersive virtual reality in education. Educational Technology Research and Development, 66(5), 1141–1164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-018-9581-2
Makransky, G., Mayer, R. E., Veitch, N., Hood, M., Christensen, K. B., & Gadegaard, H. (2019). Equivalence of using a desktop virtual reality science simulation at home and in class. PLOS ONE, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214944
Makransky, G., Terkildsen, T. S., & Mayer, R. E. (2017). Adding immersive virtual reality to a science lab simulation causes more presence but less learning. Learning and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2017.12.007
Makransky, G., Thisgaard, M. W., & Gadegaard, H. (2016). Virtual Simulations as Preparation for Lab Exercises: Assessing Learning of Key Laboratory Skills in Microbiology and Improvement of Essential Non-Cognitive Skills. PLOS ONE, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155895
Mallman, M., & Lee, H. (2016). Stigmatised learners: mature-age students negotiating university culture. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 37(5), 684–701. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2014.973017
Mancuso, D. S., Chlup, D. T., & McWhorter, R. R. (2010). A Study of Adult Learning in a Virtual World. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 12(6), 681–699. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422310395368
Mañeru, G., Altarejos, M., & Rodríguez-Sedano, A. (2011). Learning By Simulation - An Educational Experience In The Simulation Center Of The School Of Medicine Of The University Of Navarra. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, 253–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.049
Manning, K., & Kuh, G. (2005). Promoting Student Success: Making Place Matter to Student Success. Occasional Paper No. 13. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED506539
Mansoor, K., Cassum, S., Hirji, A., David, A., & Aijaz, A. (2020). Challenges in Teaching Palliative Care Module Virtually during COVID-19 Era. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.4103/apjon.apjon_42_20
Maor, D. (2003). The Teacher’s Role in Developing Interaction and Reflection in an Online Learning Community. Educational Media International, 40(1–2), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/0952398032000092170
Marquess, M., Johnston, S. P., Williams, N. L., Giordano, C., Leiby, B. E., Hurwitz, M. D., Dicker, A. P., & Den, R. B. (2017). A pilot study to determine if the use of a virtual reality education module reduces anxiety and increases comprehension in patients receiving radiation therapy. Journal of Radiation Oncology, 6(3), 317–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13566-017-0298-3
Marron, M. B. (2013). Drones in Journalism Education. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 68(2), 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695813486973
Martín, A., Cechich, A., & Rossi, G. (2011). Accessibility at early stages. Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility - W4A ’11. https://doi.org/10.1145/1969289.1969302
Martin, F., Ritzhaupt, A., Kumar, S., & Budhrani, K. (2019). Award-winning faculty online teaching practices: Course design, assessment and evaluation, and facilitation. The Internet and Higher Education, 42, 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2019.04.001
Martin, S., Diaz, G., Sancristobal, E., Gil, R., Castro, M., & Peire, J. (2011). New technology trends in education: Seven years of forecasts and convergence. Computers & Education, 57(3), 1893–1906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.04.003
Martinez, M. (2003). High attrition rates in e-learning: challenges, predictors, and solutions. 1–9. https://www.learningguild.com/pdf/2/071403mgt-l.pdf
Martínez-Graña, A. M., Goy, J. L., & Cimarra, C. A. (2013). A virtual tour of geological heritage: Valourising geodiversity using Google Earth and QR code. Computers & Geosciences, 61, 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.07.020
Martín-Gutiérrez, J., Fabiani, P., Benesova, W., Meneses, M. D., & Mora, C. E. (2015). Augmented reality to promote collaborative and autonomous learning in higher education. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 752–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.093
Martins, E. C., & Terblanche, F. (2003). Building organisational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 6(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601060310456337
Marton, F. (1981). Phenomenography ? Describing conceptions of the world around us. Instructional Science, 10(2), 177–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00132516
Marton, F. (1986). Phenomenography: A Research Approach to Investigating Different Understandings of Reality. 21(3), 28–49.
Martzoukou, K., & Kemp, V. (2016). Nurturing Supportive and Engaging Induction Environments for Distance-learning Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 228, 535–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.07.082
Masika, R., & Jones, J. (2016). Building student belonging and engagement: insights into higher education students’ experiences of participating and learning together. Teaching in Higher Education, 21(2), 138–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2015.1122585
Maslow, A. H. (14 C.E.). A Theory of Human Motivation. Sublime books.
Maslow, A. H. (28 C.E.). Toward a Psychology of Being. Dancing Unicorn Books.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
Mason, A. (2000). Community, solidarity, and belonging: levels of community and their normative significance. Cambridge University Press.
Matheson, R., & Sutcliffe, M. (2017). Creating belonging and transformation through the adoption of flexible pedagogies in masters level international business management students. Teaching in Higher Education, 22(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1221807
Maunder, R. E. (2018). Students’ peer relationships and their contribution to university adjustment: the need to belong in the university community. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 42(6), 756–768. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1311996
Mayisela, T. (n.d.). The potential use of mobile technology: enhancing accessibility and communication in a blended learning course. 33(1), 1–18. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0256-01002013000100005&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt
Mazzolini, M., & Maddison, S. (2003). Sage, guide or ghost? The effect of instructor intervention on student participation in online discussion forums. Computers & Education, 40(3), 237–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1315(02)00129-X
McBrien, J. L., Cheng, R., & Jones, P. (2009). Virtual Spaces: Employing a Synchronous Online Classroom to Facilitate Student Engagement in Online Learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v10i3.605
McCabe, A., & O’Connor, U. (2014). Student-centred learning: the role and responsibility of the lecturer. Teaching in Higher Education, 19(4), 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2013.860111
McCloy, R., & Stone, R. (20 C.E.). Virtual reality in surgery. 323(7318), 912–915. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121442/
McClure, C. D., & Williams, P. N. (2021). Gather.town: An opportunity for self-paced learning in a synchronous, distance-learning environment. Compass: Journal of Learning and Teaching, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.21100/compass.v14i2.1232
McConnell, D. & Society for Research into Higher Education. (2006). E-learning groups and communities. Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press.
McDowell, J. (4 C.E.). VELOCITy: Video Enhanced Learning Opportunities in Computing and Information Technology. British Educational Research Association Conference. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/19912/
McDowell, J. (2012). Cultivating a viral community of practice to drive institutional enhancement through the promotion of video-enhanced learning, feedback and assessment. 7th International Blended Learning Conference. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/19911/
McElhinney, E. (2015). Living in 3D Social Virtual Worlds and the Influence on Health Literacy, Health Behaviour and Wellbeing. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30336.84487
McEvoy, J. F., Hall, G. P., & McDonald, P. G. (2016). Evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicle shape, flight path and camera type for waterfowl surveys: disturbance effects and species recognition. PeerJ, 4. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1831
McInnerney, J. M., & Roberts, T. S. (2004). Online Learning: Social Interaction and the Creation of a Sense of Community. 7(3), 73–81. https://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.7.3.73
McInnis, C., James, R., & Hartley, R. (2000). Trends in the first year experience in Australian universities. The University of Melbourne. https://melbourne-cshe.unimelb.edu.au/research/archived-research/trends-in-the-first-year-experience
McKee, T. (2010). Thirty years of distance education: Personal reflections. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v11i2.870
McKenzie, L. (3 C.E.). ‘Zoombies’ Take Over Online Classrooms. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/04/03/zoombombing-isn%E2%80%99t-going-away-and-it-could-get-worse
McKerlich, R., Riis, M., Anderson, T., & Eastman, B. (n.d.). Student Perceptions of Teaching Presence, Social Presence, and Cognitive Presence in a Virtual World. 7(3), 324–336. https://auspace.athabascau.ca/handle/2149/3519
McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (n.d.). Sense of Community: A Definition and Theory. 14, 6–23. http://iranarze.ir/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/3026-engilish.pdf
McPake, J., Plowman, L., & Stephen, C. (2013). Pre-school children creating and communicating with digital technologies in the home. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(3), 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01323.x
Meehan, C., & Howells, K. (2018). In search of the feeling of ‘belonging’ in higher education: undergraduate students transition into higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2018.1490702
Meehan, C., & Howells, K. (2019). In search of the feeling of ‘belonging’ in higher education: undergraduate students transition into higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 43(10), 1376–1390. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2018.1490702
Mehrabian, A. (1968). Some referents and measures of nonverbal behavior. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 1(6), 203–207. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03208096
Meisewnzahl, M. (2020). The avatars were controlled by the few graduates who physically attended the ceremony. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/university-in-japan-used-robots-for-virtual-graduation-2020-4?r=US&IR=T#when-a-graduates-name-was-called-the-avatar-moved-to-the-universitys-president-omae-kenichi-who-stood-on-stage-the-graduates-face-appeared-on-the-tablet-so-they-could-experience-receiving-a-diploma-6
Melús-Palazón, E., Bartolomé-Moreno, C., Palacín-Arbués, J. C., Lafuente-Lafuente, A., García, I. G., Guillen, S., Esteban, A. B., Clemente, S., Marco, Á. M., Gargallo, P. M., López, C., & Magallón-Botaya, R. (2012). Experience with using second life for medical education in a family and community medicine education unit. BMC Medical Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-12-30
Mendolia-Moore, T. (2019). The College Path: A Virtual Tour [Bronco Scholar]. https://broncoscholar.library.cpp.edu/handle/10211.3/208084
Mendolia-Moore, T. A. (2018). The College Path: A Virtual Tour [California State Polytechnic University, Pomona]. https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/8p58pg378?locale=en
Mian, A., & Khan, S. (2020). Medical education during pandemics: a UK perspective. BMC Medicine, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01577-y
Michael, K. (2012). Virtual classroom: reflections of online learning. Campus-Wide Information Systems, 29(3), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1108/10650741211243175
Michels, P. (25 C.E.). Universities use Second Life to teach complex concepts. Govtech.com. http://www.govtech.com/education/Universities-Use-Second-Life-to-Teach.html
Michou, A., Vansteenkiste, M., Mouratidis, A., & Lens, W. (2014). Enriching the hierarchical model of achievement motivation: Autonomous and controlling reasons underlying achievement goals. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(4), 650–666. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12055
Milgram, P., & Kishino, F. (n.d.). A TAXONOMY OF MIXED REALITY VISUAL DISPLAYS. E77-D(12), 1321–1329. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231514051_A_Taxonomy_of_Mixed_Reality_Visual_Displays
Milheim, K. L. (n.d.). Towards a Better Experience: Examining Student Needs in the Online Classroom through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Model. 8(2). http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1499824204?accountid=14540
Millei, Z., & Sumsion, J. (2011). The ‘Work’ of Community in Belonging, Being and Becoming: The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 12(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.2304/ciec.2011.12.1.71
Miller, J. J. (2011). Impact of a University Recreation Center on Social Belonging and Student Retention. Recreational Sports Journal, 35(2), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1123/rsj.35.2.117
Miller, M., & Jensen, R. (2014). Avatars in Nursing. Nurse Educator, 39(1), 38–41. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NNE.0000437367.03842.63
Mirk, D., & Hlavacs, H. (2014). Using Drones for Virtual Tourism. In D. Reidsma, I. Choi, & R. Bargar (Eds.), Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment (Vol. 136, pp. 144–147). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08189-2_21
Mogaji, E. (2016). University WebsiteWebsites Design in International Student Recruitment: Some Reflections. In T. Wu & V. Naidoo (Eds.), International Marketing of Higher Education (pp. 99–117). Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54291-5_5
Mohamed Atwa, H., Ahmed, S., Kamel Shehata, M., Wells, R., & Ahmed Amin, H. (2020). Step-by-step guide to managing the educational crisis: Lessons learned from COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_79_20
Moller, L. (1998). Designing communities of learners for asynchronous distance education. Educational Technology Research and Development, 46(4), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02299678
Molloy, M., Shaw, R. J., Vaughn, J., & Hueckel, R. (2016). An Innovative Use of Telepresence Robots for Educating Healthcare Professional. 225, 989–990. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-658-3-989
Moloo, R. K., Pudaruth, S., Ramodhin, M., & Rozbully, R. B. (2016). A 3D Virtual Tour of the University of Mauritius using WebGL. 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), 2891–2894. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEOT.2016.7755226
Mon, L. (15 C.E.). A Virtual Graduation Ceremony for Online Distance Students. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2010/12/a-virtual-graduation-ceremony-for-online-distance-students
Moore, C., & Greenland, S. (2017). Employment-driven online student attrition and the assessment policy divide: An Australian open-access higher education perspective. 21(1), 52–62. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1148193.pdf
Moore, M. G. (1989). Editorial: Three types of interaction. American Journal of Distance Education, 3(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923648909526659
Moran, D. (2000). Introduction to phenomenology. Routledge.
Mørch, A. I., Caruso, V., Hartley, M. D., & Ludlow, B. L. (2018). Creating Contexts for Collaborative Learning in a 3D Virtual World for Distance Education. In Y. Qian (Ed.), Integrating Multi-User Virtual Environments in Modern Classrooms (pp. 137–164). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3719-9.ch007
Moros, K. (2010). Virtual campus tour launched to increase undergraduate population. 21(15), 2–2. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1422&context=nsudigital_newspaper/
Morra, T., & Reynolds, J. (2010). Universal Design for Learning: Application for Technology-Enhanced Learning. 15(1), 43–51. https://commons.vccs.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=inquiry
Morris, L. V. (2015). On or Coming to your Campus Soon: Drones. Innovative Higher Education, 40(3), 187–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-015-9323-x
Morris, L. V., Finnegan, C., & Wu, S.-S. (2005). Tracking student behavior, persistence, and achievement in online courses. The Internet and Higher Education, 8(3), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2005.06.009
Moses, O. O. (n.d.). Improving Mobile Learning with Enhanced Shih’s Model of Mobile Learning. 5(11), 22–28. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED504950
Moss, T., & Pittaway, S. (2013). Student identity construction in online teacher education: a narrative life history approach. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 26(8), 1004–1018. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2012.725139
Motteram, G., & Forrester, G. (2005). Becoming an Online Distance Learner: What can be learned from students’ experiences of induction to distance programmes? Distance Education, 26(3), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587910500291330
Muir, T., Milthorpe, N., Stone, C., Dyment, J., Freeman, E., & Hopwood, B. (2019). Chronicling engagement: students’ experience of online learning over time. Distance Education, 40(2), 262–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2019.1600367
Mulero-Pázmány, M., Jenni-Eiermann, S., Strebel, N., Sattler, T., Negro, J. J., & Tablado, Z. (2017). Unmanned aircraft systems as a new source of disturbance for wildlife: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178448
Murphy, A., & Farley, H. (2017). Introduction: Supporting the Sustainable Implementation of Mobile Learning for Higher Education in the Asia-Pacific Region. In A. Murphy, H. Farley, L. E. Dyson, & H. Jones (Eds.), Mobile Learning in Higher Education in the Asia-Pacific Region (Vol. 40, pp. 3–23). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4944-6_1
Murphy, B. (2020). COVID-19: How the virus is impacting medical schools. https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/covid-19-how-virus-impacting-medical-schools
Murray, J.-A., & Boyd, S. (2015). A Preliminary Evaluation of Using WebPA for Online Peer Assessment of Collaborative Performance by Groups of Online Distance Learners. 30(2). http://ijede.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/920/1593
Murray, J.-A., Hale, F., & Dozier, M. (2015). Use and Perceptions of Second Life by Distance Learners: A Comparison with Other Communication Media. 30(1). http://www.ijede.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/922/1584
Murray, R. (2002). How to write a thesis. Open University Press.
Murray, R. & Dawson Books. (2006). How to write a thesis (2nd ed). Open University Press. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780335226597
Muse, H. E. (2003). The Web-based community college student: An examination of factors that lead to success and risk. The Internet and Higher Education, 6(3), 241–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(03)00044-7
Nagy, J. T. (2018). Evaluation of Online Video Usage and Learning Satisfaction: An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i1.2886
Nah, F. F.-H., Zeng, Q., Telaprolu, V. R., Ayyappa, A. P., & Eschenbrenner, B. (2014). Gamification of Education: A Review of Literature. In F. F.-H. Nah (Ed.), HCI in Business (Vol. 8527, pp. 401–409). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07293-7_39
Najjar, N., Stubler, A., Ramaprasad, H., Lipford, H., & Wilson, D. (2022). Evaluating Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning with 2-D Virtual Spaces. Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1145/3478431.3499396
Navab, N., Blum, T., Wang, L., Okur, A., & Wendler, T. (2012). First Deployments of Augmented Reality in Operating Rooms. Computer, 45(7), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2012.75
Neate, R. (31 C.E.). Zoom booms as demand for video-conferencing tech grows. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/mar/31/zoom-booms-as-demand-for-video-conferencing-tech-grows-in-coronavirus-outbreak
Nee, A. Y. C., Ong, S. K., Chryssolouris, G., & Mourtzis, D. (2012). Augmented reality applications in design and manufacturing. CIRP Annals, 61(2), 657–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2012.05.010
Newhart, V. A. (2014). Virtual inclusion via telepresence robots in the classroom. Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 32nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI EA ’14, 951–956. https://doi.org/10.1145/2559206.2579417
Newhart, V. A., & Olson, J. S. (2017a). My Student is a Robot. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’17, 342–347. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025809
Newhart, V. A., & Olson, J. S. (2017b). My Student is a Robot. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’17, 342–347. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025809
Newhart, V. A., Olson, J., Warschauer, M., & Eccles, J. (2017). Go home and get better: An exploration of inequitable educational services for homebound children. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8js3h9zc
Newhart, V. A., Warschauer, M., & Sender, L. (2016). Virtual Inclusion via Telepresence Robots in the Classroom: An Exploratory Case Study. 23(4), 9–25. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zm4h7nf
Newman, M. E. J., & Girvan, M. (2004). Finding and evaluating community structure in networks. Physical Review E, 69(2). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.69.026113
Nganji, J. T., Brayshaw, M., & Tompsett, B. (2011). Ontology-Based E-Learning Personalisation For Disabled Students in Higher Education. Innovation in Teaching and Learning in Information and Computer Sciences, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.11120/ital.2011.10010001
Nguyen, D. J., & Herron, A. (2021). Keeping up with the Joneses or feeling priced out?: Exploring how low-income students’ financial position shapes sense of belonging. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 14(3), 429–440. https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000191
Ní Shé, C., Farrell, O., Brunton, J., Costello, E., Donlon, E., Trevaskis, S., & Eccles, S. (2019). Teaching online is different: critical perspectives from the literature. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3479402
Nichols, M. (2011). Intervention for retention through distance education: A comparison study. https://ako.ac.nz/assets/Knowledge-centre/RHPF-n17-Intervention-for-retention-through-distance-education/RESEARCH-REPORT-Intervention-for-Retention-through-Distance-Education-A-Comparison-Study.pdf
Nikolaos, P., & Ioannis, K. (2013). E-Learning Quality through Second Life. In V. C. Bryan & V. C. X. Wang (Eds.), Technology Use and Research Approaches for Community Education and Professional Development (pp. 250–273). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2955-4.ch015
Nordman, E., & Horlin, C. (2023). Lecture recordings make for inclusive learning. https://wonkhe.com/blogs/lecture-recordings-make-for-inclusive-learning/
Nordmann, E., Horlin, C., Hutchison, J., Murray, J.-A., Robson, L., Seery, M. K., & MacKay, J. R. D. (27 C.E.). 10 simple rules for supporting a temporary online pivot in higher education. https://psyarxiv.com/qdh25
Nordmann, E., Horlin, C., Hutchison, J., Murray, J.-A., Robson, L., Seery, M. K., & MacKay, J. R. D. (2020). Ten simple rules for supporting a temporary online pivot in higher education. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008242
Novet, J. (21 C.E.). Why Zoom has become the darling of remote workers during the COVID-19 crisis. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/21/why-zoom-has-become-darling-of-remote-workers-amid-covid-19-outbreak.html
Nurunnabi, M., Almusharraf, N., & Aldeghaither, D. (2021). Mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in higher education: Evidence from G20 countries. Journal of Public Health Research, 9(s1). https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2020.2010
O’ Shea, S., Stone, C., & Delahunty, J. (2015). "I ‘feel’ like I am at university even though I am online.” Exploring how students narrate their engagement with higher education institutions in an online learning environment. Distance Education, 36(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2015.1019970
O’Dowd, R. (2012). Online Intercultural Exchanges. In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1194
Oermann, M. H. (28 C.E.). Teaching in Nursing and Role of the Educator, Second Edition: The Complete Guide to Best Practice in Teaching, Evaluation, and Curriculum Development. Springer Publishing Company. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=BFi2DgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA95&dq=vlog+online+learner&ots=VhfaEvhsmA&sig=ZevLCtLwJIUOedx90YwEQ_lse7I#v=onepage&q&f=false
Oh, P.-J., Jeon, K. D., & Koh, M. S. (2015). The effects of simulation-based learning using standardized patients in nursing students: A meta-analysis. Nurse Education Today, 35(5), e6–e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.01.019
O’Keeffe, P. (2013). A sense of belonging: Improving student rentention. 47(4), 605–613. https://researchrepository.rmit.edu.au/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9921862552801341&context=L&vid=61RMIT_INST:ResearchRepository&lang=en&search_scope=Research&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Research&query=any,contains,A%20sense%20of%20belonging:%20Improving%20student%20retention&offset=0
Olaf Zawacki-Richter & Terry Anderson. (2014). Online Distance Education. Athabasca University Press.
Oliveira, M. M. S. de, Penedo, A. S. T., & Pereira, V. S. (2018). Distance education: advantages and disadvantages of the point of view of education and society. Dialogia, 29, 139–152. https://doi.org/10.5585/dialogia.N29.7661
Olsson, T., & Salo, M. (2011). Online user survey on current mobile augmented reality applications. 2011 10th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2011.6092372
Olwal, A., Gustafsson, J., & Lindfors, C. (2008, February 14). Spatial augmented reality on industrial CNC-machines. The Engineering Reality of Virtual Reality 2008. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.760960
Oomen-Early, J., & Early, A. D. (2015). Teaching in a Millennial World. Pedagogy in Health Promotion, 1(2), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/2373379915570041
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2003). Student Engagement at School: A Sense of Belonging and Participation: Results from PISA 2000: Vol. PISA. OECD Publishing. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264018938-en
Orgill, M. (2012). Phenomenography. In N. M. Seel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (pp. 2608–2611). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_271
Ormond Simpson. (2003). Student retention in online, open, and distance learning. Kogan Page.
Osmon, K. (2016). Good Practice Guide: Support for Students Improving Transition from School and College to University. Brunel Educational Excellence Centre Brunel University London. https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/system/files/brunel_university_london_good_practice_guide_support_for_students.pdf
Osterman, K. F. (2000). Students’ Need for Belonging in the School Community. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), 323–367. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543070003323
Osterman, K. F. (2010). Teacher Practice and Students’ Sense of Belonging. In T. Lovat, R. Toomey, & N. Clement (Eds.), International Research Handbook on Values Education and Student Wellbeing (pp. 239–260). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8675-4_15
Othering & Belonging: A Framework and Analysis for a Fair and Inclusive Society. (n.d.). https://haasinstitute.berkeley.edu/othering-belonging-framework-and-analysis-fair-and-inclusive-society
Ott, M., & Freina, L. (2015). A literature review on immersive virtual reality in education: state of the art and perspectives (Issue 1, pp. 133–141). Editura Universităţii Naţionale de Apărare "Carol I”. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=289829
Oztok, M. (2013). Tacit knowledge in online learning: community, identity, and social capital. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 22(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2012.720414
Page, A., Charteris, J., Anderson, J., & Boyle, C. (2021). Fostering school connectedness online for students with diverse learning needs: inclusive education in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2021.1872842
Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual: a step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (6th edition). McGraw-Hill Education.
Palloff, R. M., & Pratt, K. (2003). The virtual student: a profile and guide to working with online learners. Jossey-Bass.
Palmer, A. E. K. (2016). Social Satisfaction and Sense of Belonging: Revisiting Student Persistence [UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY]. https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/185084/Kaser_umn_0130M_17804.pdf?sequence=1
Palmer, S., Holt, D., & Bray, S. (2008). Does the discussion help? The impact of a formally assessed online discussion on final student results. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(5), 847–858. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2007.00780.x
Papagiannakis, G., Singh, G., & Magnenat-Thalmann, N. (2008). A survey of mobile and wireless technologies for augmented reality systems. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 19(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/cav.221
Pareek, M., Bangash, M. N., Pareek, N., Pan, D., Sze, S., Minhas, J. S., Hanif, W., & Khunti, K. (2020). Ethnicity and COVID-19: an urgent public health research priority. The Lancet, 395(10234), 1421–1422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30922-3
Parker, A. (1999). A Study of Variables that Predict Dropout from Distance Education. 1–10. http://ascilite.org/archived-journals/ijet/v1n2/parker/
Parker, E. C. (2010). Exploring student experiences of belonging within an urban high school choral ensemble: an action research study. Music Education Research, 12(4), 339–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/14613808.2010.519379
Parker, H., Hughes, A., Marsh, C., Ahmed, S., Cannon, J., Taylor-Steeds, E., Jones, L., & Page, N. (2017). Understanding the different challenges facing students in transitioning to university particularly with a focus on ethnicity. New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Sciences, 12. https://doi.org/10.29311/ndtps.v0i12.2450
Parrish, P. E. (2009). Aesthetic principles for instructional design. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(4), 511–528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-007-9060-7
Passantino, F. (2021). Reflections: diversity, inclusion and belonging in education Post-Covid. Intercultural Education, 32(5), 583–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2021.1857575
Paterson, M. (2013). The senses of touch: haptics, affects and technologies. Bloomsbury Academic.
Paul, I., Mohanty, S., & Sengupta, R. (2022). The role of social virtual world in increasing psychological resilience during the on-going COVID-19 pandemic. Computers in Human Behavior, 127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107036
Peachey, A., Childs, M., & SpringerLink (Online service). (2011). Reinventing ourselves: contemporary concepts of identity in virtual worlds. Springer-Verlag. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-361-9
Peacock, S., Cowan, J., Irvine, L., & Williams, J. (2020a). An Exploration Into the Importance of a Sense of Belonging for Online Learners. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 21(2), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i5.4539
Peacock, S., Cowan, J., Irvine, L., & Williams, J. (2020b). An Exploration Into the Importance of a Sense of Belonging for Online Learners. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 21(2), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i5.4539
Peacock, S., & DePlacido, C. (2018). Supporting Staff Transitions into Online Learning: A Networking Approach. Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 6(2), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v6i2.336
Peacock, S., Murray, S., Dean, J., Brown, D., Girdler, S., & Mastrominico, B. (2012). Exploring Tutor and Student Experiences in Online Synchronous Learning Environments in the Performing Arts. Creative Education, 03(07), 1269–1280. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2012.37186
Pei, L., & Wu, H. (2019). Does online learning work better than offline learning in undergraduate medical education? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medical Education Online, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2019.1666538
Pellas, N. (2014a). What Makes Students to Participate in Online Collaborative Settings Through Second Life? International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence, 5(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijdldc.2014010103
Pellas, N. (2014b). The influence of computer self-efficacy, metacognitive self-regulation and self-esteem on student engagement in online learning programs: Evidence from the virtual world of Second Life. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.048
Pence, H. E. (2010a). Smartphones, Smart Objects, and Augmented Reality. The Reference Librarian, 52(1–2), 136–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/02763877.2011.528281
Pence, H. E. (2010b). Smartphones, Smart Objects, and Augmented Reality. The Reference Librarian, 52(1–2), 136–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/02763877.2011.528281
Perdana, D., Irawan, A., & Munadi, R. (2020). Implementation of a Web Based Campus Virtual Tour for Introducing Telkom University Building. International Journal of Simulation: Systems, Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.5013/IJSSST.a.20.01.06
Perez, M. L. (2020). Sense of Belonging from a Distance: How Online Students Describe, Perceive, and Experience Belonging to the Institution. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6536&context=open_access_etds
Peters, O. (1992). Some observations on dropping out in distance education. Distance Education, 13(2), 234–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158791920130206
Peto, J., Alwan, N. A., Godfrey, K. M., Burgess, R. A., Hunter, D. J., Riboli, E., Romer, P., Buchan, I., Colbourn, T., Costelloe, C., Davey Smith, G., Elliott, P., Ezzati, M., Gilbert, R., Gilthorpe, M. S., Foy, R., Houlston, R., Inskip, H., Lawlor, D. A., … Yao, G. L. (2020). Universal weekly testing as the UK COVID-19 lockdown exit strategy. The Lancet, 395(10234), 1420–1421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30936-3
Petrakou, A. (2010). Interacting through avatars: Virtual worlds as a context for online education. Computers & Education, 54(4), 1020–1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.10.007
Phipps, L., & Kelly, B. (2006). Holistic approaches to e-learning accessibility. ALT-J, 14(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687760500479860
Phirangee, K., & Malec, A. (2017). Othering in online learning: an examination of social presence, identity, and sense of community. Distance Education, 38(2), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2017.1322457
Picciano, A. G. (n.d.). Beyond student perceptions: issues of interaction, presence, and performance in an online course. 6(1). http://sloanconsortium.org/sites/default/files/v6n1_picciano_1.pdf
Pichon, H. W. (2016). Developing a sense of belonging in the classroom: community college students taking courses on a four-year college campus. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 40(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2014.964429
Pickens, A. (2009). A virtual tour of Muncie, Indiana for prospective international students to Ball State University [Ball State University Muncie Indiana]. https://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/195077?show=full
Pina Tarricone. (2011). The taxonomy of metacognition. PsyPress. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=668569
Piselli, F. (2007). Communities, Places, and Social Networks. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(7), 867–878. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764206298312
Pisha, B., & Coyne, P. (2001). Smart From the Start. Remedial and Special Education, 22(4), 197–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/074193250102200402
Pittaway, S. M. (2012). Student and Staff Engagement: Developing an Engagement Framework in a Faculty of Education. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(4). https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2012v37n4.8
Pittman, L. D., & Richmond, A. (2007). Academic and Psychological Functioning in Late Adolescence: The Importance of School Belonging. The Journal of Experimental Education, 75(4), 270–290. https://doi.org/10.3200/JEXE.75.4.270-292
Pittman, L. D., & Richmond, A. (2008). University Belonging, Friendship Quality, and Psychological Adjustment During the Transition to College. The Journal of Experimental Education, 76(4), 343–362. https://doi.org/10.3200/JEXE.76.4.343-362
Polizzi, S. J., Head, M., Barrett-Williams, D., Ellis, J., Roehrig, G. H., & Rushton, G. T. (2018). The use of teacher leader roles in an online induction support system. Teaching and Teacher Education, 75, 174–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.06.010
Pollock, N., & Cornford, J. (2002). The Theory and Practice of the Virtual University: Working Through the Work of Making Work Mobile. Minerva, 40(4), 359–373. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020977705523
Poole, D. M. (2000). Student Participation in a Discussion-Oriented Online Course. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33(2), 162–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/08886504.2000.10782307
Pranuta Murnaka, N. (2020). Virtual Campus Tour (Student Perception of University Virtual Environment). 7(19), 4964–4969. http://www.jcreview.com/fulltext/197-1598166143.pdf
Prasad, P., Balse, R., & Warriem, J. M. (2023). Understanding Students’ Experiences in an Online Programming Course from a Transactional Distance Perspective. Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 1, 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1145/3587102.3588850
Prati, C., Pelliccioni, G. A., Sambri, V., Chersoni, S., & Gandolfi, M. G. (2020). COVID‐19: its impact on dental schools in Italy, clinical problems in endodontic therapy and general considerations. International Endodontic Journal, 53(5), 723–725. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13291
Preece, J., & Maloney-Krichmar, D. (2005). Online Communities: Design, Theory, and Practice. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(4), 00–00. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00264.x
Preece, J., Nonnecke, B., & Andrews, D. (2004). The top five reasons for lurking: improving community experiences for everyone. Computers in Human Behavior, 20(2), 201–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2003.10.015
Preradović, N. M., & Jandrić, P. (2016). USING VIDEO JOURNALS IN ACADEMIC SERVICE-LEARNING. 4(4), 407–419. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/258023
Pride and Prejudice in Education. (2016). University and College Union. https://www.ucu.org.uk/media/8359/Summary-of-Pride-and-Prejudice-in-Education-report-Oct-16/pdf/Summary_of_Pride_and_Prejudice_in_Eduation_report_Oct_2016.pdf
Prilleltensky, I. (2020). Mattering at the Intersection of Psychology, Philosophy, and Politics. American Journal of Community Psychology, 65(1–2), 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12368
Principle 9 A Sense of Belonging. (n.d.). Napier University. https://staff.napier.ac.uk/services/dlte/DSP/Pages/DSP_09Belonging.aspx
Procentese, F., Capone, V., Caso, D., Donizzetti, A., & Gatti, F. (2020). Academic Community in the Face of Emergency Situations: Sense of Responsible Togetherness and Sense of Belonging as Protective Factors against Academic Stress during COVID-19 Outbreak. Sustainability, 12(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229718
Pugh, K. J., & Girod, M. (2007). Science, Art, and Experience: Constructing a Science Pedagogy From Dewey’s Aesthetics. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 18(1), 9–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10972-006-9029-0
Puterbaugh, M. D., Shannon, M., & Gorton, H. (2010). A Survey of Nurses’ Attitudes Toward Distance Education and the Educational Use of 3-D Virtual Environments. Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries, 7(4), 292–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/15424065.2010.527243
Putnam, C., Dahman, M., Rose, E., Cheng, J., & Bradford, G. (2015). Teaching Accessibility, Learning Empathy. Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility - ASSETS ’15, 333–334. https://doi.org/10.1145/2700648.2811365
Pychyl, T. A., Flett, G. L., Long, M., Carreiro, E., & Azil, R. (2022). Faculty Perceptions of Mattering in Teaching and Learning: A Qualitative Examination of the Views, Values, and Teaching Practices of Award-Winning Professors. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 40(1), 142–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/07342829211057648
Qu, D., Zhang, X., Wang, J., Liu, B., Wen, X., Feng, Y., & Chen, R. (2023). New form of addiction: An emerging hazardous addiction problem of milk tea among youths. Journal of Affective Disorders, 341, 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.102
Quinn, J. (2005). Belonging in a learning community: The re-imagined university and imagined social capital. Studies in the Education of Adults, 37(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2005.11661504
Raaper, R. (2021). Contemporary dynamics of student experience and belonging in higher education. Critical Studies in Education, 62(5), 537–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2021.1983852
Rackham, A. (11 C.E.). Disability blogger: ‘Trolls said I was too ugly for selfies, so I hit back’. BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-49662140
Radu, I. (2014). Augmented reality in education: a meta-review and cross-media analysis. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 18(6), 1533–1543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-013-0747-y
Rae, I. (2013). Using robot-mediated communication to improve remote collaboration. CHI ’13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems on - CHI EA ’13. https://doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2468709
Ragusa, A. T., & Crampton, A. (2018a). Sense of connection, identity and academic success in distance education: sociologically exploring online learning environments. Rural Society, 27(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/10371656.2018.1472914
Ragusa, A. T., & Crampton, A. (2018b). Sense of connection, identity and academic success in distance education: sociologically exploring online learning environments. Rural Society, 27(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/10371656.2018.1472914
Rajab, M. H., Gazal, A. M., & Alkattan, K. (2020). Challenges to Online Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8966
Rao, K., Edelen-Smith, P., & Wailehua, C.-U. (2015). Universal design for online courses: applying principles to pedagogy. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 30(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2014.991300
Rapanta, C., Botturi, L., Goodyear, P., Guàrdia, L., & Koole, M. (2020). Online University Teaching During and After the Covid-19 Crisis: Refocusing Teacher Presence and Learning Activity. Postdigital Science and Education, 2(3), 923–945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00155-y
Rapanta, C., Botturi, L., Goodyear, P., Guàrdia, L., & Koole, M. (2021). Balancing Technology, Pedagogy and the New Normal: Post-pandemic Challenges for Higher Education. Postdigital Science and Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-021-00249-1
Rapanta, C., & Cantoni, L. (2014). Being in the users’ shoes: Anticipating experience while designing online courses. British Journal of Educational Technology, 45(5), 765–777. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12102
Rapid Evidence Assessment: The Prevalence and Impact of Online Trolling. (n.d.). UK Government Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/811449/DCMS_REA_Online_trolling_.pdf
Ravasi, D., & Schultz, M. (2006). Responding to Organizational Identity Threats: Exploring the Role of Organizational Culture. 49(3), 433–458. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20159775
Ravi, R. (2020). Lockdown of colleges and universities due to COVID-19: Any impact on the educational system in India? Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_327_20
Rayle, A. D., & Chung, K.-Y. (2007). Revisiting First-Year College Students’ Mattering: Social Support, Academic Stress, and the Mattering Experience. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 9(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.2190/X126-5606-4G36-8132
Razia Sulthana, A., Arokiaraj Jovith, A., Saveetha, D., & Jaithunbi, A. K. (2018). A game based virtual campus tour. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1000. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1000/1/012131
Read, B., Archer, L., & Leathwood, C. (2003). Challenging Cultures? Student Conceptions of ‘Belonging’ and ‘Isolation’ at a Post-1992 University. Studies in Higher Education, 28(3), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070309290
Redmond, P., Heffernan, A., Abawi, L., Brown, A., & Henderson, R. (2018). An Online Engagement Framework for Higher Education. Online Learning, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v22i1.1175
Reed, B. (2006). Phenomenography as a way to research the understanding by students of technical concepts. http://www.mecheng.uct.ac.za/usr/mecheng/staff/academic/brandon/Reed2006.pdf
Reed, T., Pirotte, M., McHugh, M., Oh, L., Lovett, S., Hoyt, A. E., Quinones, D., Adams, W., Gruener, G., & McGaghie, W. C. (2016). Simulation-Based Mastery Learning Improves Medical Student Performance and Retention of Core Clinical Skills. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, 11(3), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0000000000000154
Reeves, S., Fletcher, S., McLoughlin, C., Yim, A., & Patel, K. D. (2017). Interprofessional online learning for primary healthcare: findings from a scoping review. BMJ Open, 7(8). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016872
Reis, A., Martins, M., Martins, P., Sousa, J., & Barroso, J. (2019). Telepresence Robots in the Classroom: The State-of-the-Art and a Proposal for a Telepresence Service for Higher Education. In M. Tsitouridou, J. A. Diniz, & T. A. Mikropoulos (Eds.), Technology and Innovation in Learning, Teaching and Education (Vol. 993, pp. 539–550). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20954-4_41
Reiser, R. A. (2017). Eight Trends Affecting the Field of Instructional Design and Technology: Opportunities and Challenges. In F.-Q. Lai & J. D. Lehman (Eds.), Learning and Knowledge Analytics in Open Education (pp. 139–147). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38956-1_11
Remuzzi, A., & Remuzzi, G. (2020). COVID-19 and Italy: what next? The Lancet, 395(10231), 1225–1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30627-9
Rethinking learning for a digital age. (2010). Routledge.
Rice, S., & Gregor, M. N. (n.d.). This Library Orientation is Fun!: Building a Successful Virtual Tour Experience for Students. 583–588. http://www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/conferences/confsandpreconfs/2013/papers/RiceGregor_ThisLibrary.pdf
Richardson, M. J., & Tate, S. (2013). Improving the transition to university: introducing student voices into the formal induction process for new geography undergraduates. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 37(4), 611–618. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2013.769092
Ridings, C. M., Gefen, D., & Arinze, B. (2002). Some antecedents and effects of trust in virtual communities. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11(3–4), 271–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8687(02)00021-5
Rizvi, S., Rienties, B., & Khoja, S. A. (2019). The role of demographics in online learning; A decision tree based approach. Computers & Education, 137, 32–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.001
Roberts, J. (2018). Future and changing roles of staff in distance education: a study to identify training and professional development needs. Distance Education, 39(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2017.1419818
Roberts, J. B. (2014). Accessibility in M-Learning. In Handbook of Mobile Learning. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203118764.ch37
Roberts, J. B., Crittenden, L. A., & Crittenden, J. C. (2011). Students with disabilities and online learning: A cross-institutional study of perceived satisfaction with accessibility compliance and services. The Internet and Higher Education, 14(4), 242–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.05.004
Roberts, K. (2004). The Need for Universal Design in Online Learning Environments (OLEs). 12(2), 188–197. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/11442/
Robins, J. (2002). Affording a place: the role of persistent structures in social navigation. 7(3). http://informationr.net/ir/7-3/paper131.html?pagewanted=all
Robinson, C. C., & Hullinger, H. (2008). New Benchmarks in Higher Education: Student Engagement in Online Learning. Journal of Education for Business, 84(2), 101–109. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEB.84.2.101-109
Robot dons gown in virtual graduation ceremony. (2018). https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-46399507
Robot stands in for US student at graduation. (2018). https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-us-canada-44145602/robot-stands-in-for-us-student-at-graduation
Robson, C. (2011). Real world research: a resource for users of social research methods in applied settings (3rd ed). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Rodriguez-Paz, J. M., Kennedy, M., Salas, E., Wu, A. W., Sexton, J. B., Hunt, E. A., & Pronovost, P. J. (2009). Beyond ‘see one, do one, teach one’: toward a different training paradigm. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 85(1003), 244–249. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2007.023903
Rogaly, B., & Taylor, B. (2011). Moving histories of class and community: identity, place and belonging in contemporary England (Pbk. ed). Palgrave Macmillan.
Rogers, C., Lau, J., Huynh, D., Albertson, S., Beem, J., & Qian, E. (2016). Capturing the Perceived Phantom Limb through Virtual Reality. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2016, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8608972
Rogers, L. (2009). Simulating clinical experience: Exploring Second Life as a learning tool for nurse education (pp. 883–887). Ascilite Auckland 2009. https://www.ascilite.org/conferences/auckland09/procs/rogers.pdf
Rogers, L. (2011). Developing simulations in multi-user virtual environments to enhance healthcare education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(4), 608–615. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01057.x
Rohizan, R. B., Vistro, D. M., & Puasa, M. R. B. (2019a). Enhanced Visitor Experience Through Campus Virtual Tour. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1228. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1228/1/012067
Rohizan, R. B., Vistro, D. M., & Puasa, M. R. B. (2019b). Enhanced Visitor Experience Through Campus Virtual Tour. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1228. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1228/1/012067
Role of Virtual Reality in Medical Diagnosis. (2018). International Journal of Computing, Communications and Networking, 7(2), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.30534/ijccn/2018/02722018
Roll, I., Russell, D. M., & Gašević, D. (2018). Learning at Scale. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 28(4), 471–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-018-0170-7
Romano, A. (2020). Stuck at Home? These 12 Famous Museums Offer Virtual Tours You Can Take on Your Couch (Video). https://www.travelandleisure.com/attractions/museums-galleries/museums-with-virtual-tours
Romero, C., López, M.-I., Luna, J.-M., & Ventura, S. (2013). Predicting students’ final performance from participation in on-line discussion forums. Computers & Education, 68, 458–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.06.009
Rovai, A. P. (2001). Building classroom community at a distance: A case study. Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(4), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504946
Rovai, A. P. (2002a). Sense of community, perceived cognitive learning, and persistence in asynchronous learning networks. The Internet and Higher Education, 5(4), 319–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(02)00130-6
Rovai, A. P. (2002b). Sense of community, perceived cognitive learning, and persistence in asynchronous learning networks. The Internet and Higher Education, 5(4), 319–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(02)00130-6
Rovai, A. P. (2002c). Building Sense of Community at a Distance. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v3i1.79
Rovai, A. P. (2002d). Building Sense of Community at a Distance. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v3i1.79
Rovai, A. P. (2002e). Development of an instrument to measure classroom community. The Internet and Higher Education, 5(3), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(02)00102-1
Rovai, A. P. (2003). In search of higher persistence rates in distance education online programs. The Internet and Higher Education, 6(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(02)00158-6
Rovai, A. P., & Jordan, H. (2004). Blended Learning and Sense of Community: A Comparative Analysis with Traditional and Fully Online Graduate Courses. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v5i2.192
Rovai, A. P., & Wighting, M. J. (2005a). Feelings of alienation and community among higher education students in a virtual classroom. The Internet and Higher Education, 8(2), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2005.03.001
Rovai, A. P., & Wighting, M. J. (2005b). Feelings of alienation and community among higher education students in a virtual classroom. The Internet and Higher Education, 8(2), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2005.03.001
Rubin, B., Fernandes, R., & Avgerinou, M. D. (2013). The effects of technology on the Community of Inquiry and satisfaction with online courses. The Internet and Higher Education, 17, 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.09.006
Rudolph, A., Vaughn, J., Crego, N., Hueckel, R., Kuszajewski, M., Molloy, M., Brisson, R., & Shaw, R. J. (2017). Integrating Telepresence Robots Into Nursing Simulation. Nurse Educator, 42(2), E1–E4. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000329
Rüggenberg, S., Bente, G., & Krämer, N. C. (2005). Virtual encounters. Creating social presence in net-based collaborations. 97–102. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5cda/ba9ddbac1c044fd51c3e741a1a3e950570f1.pdf
Rusch, A. M., Duncan, A. S., & Joyner, D. A. (2023). Student Life at Scale: Humanizing the Student Experience at Scale through Belonging, Engagement, and Community. Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, 257–261. https://doi.org/10.1145/3573051.3596167
Ryu, J.-H., Park, S.-J., Park, J.-W., Kim, J.-W., Yoo, H.-J., Kim, T.-W., Hong, J. S., & Han, S.-H. (2017). Randomized clinical trial of immersive virtual reality tour of the operating theatre in children before anaesthesia. British Journal of Surgery, 104(12), 1628–1633. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10684
Safford, K., & Stinton, J. (2016). Barriers to blended digital distance vocational learning for non-traditional students. British Journal of Educational Technology, 47(1), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12222
Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7541
Salles, A., Wright, R. C., Milam, L., Panni, R. Z., Liebert, C. A., Lau, J. N., Lin, D. T., & Mueller, C. M. (2019). Social Belonging as a Predictor of Surgical Resident Well-being and Attrition. Journal of Surgical Education, 76(2), 370–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.08.022
Salmon, G. (n.d.). Gilly Salmon E-tivities. https://www.gillysalmon.com/e-tivities.html
Salmon, G. (2002a). E-tivities: the key to active online learning. Kogan Page.
Salmon, G. (2002b). E-tivities: the key to active online learning. Kogan Page.
Salmon, G. (2005). Flying not flapping: a strategic framework for e-learning and pedagogical innovation in higher education institutions. Research in Learning Technology, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v13i3.11218
Salmon, G. (2009). The future for (second) life and learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(3), 526–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00967.x
Saltmarsh, S., & Sutherland‐Smith, W. (2010). S(t)imulating learning: pedagogy, subjectivity and teacher education in online environments. London Review of Education, 8(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14748460903557613
Samiei, M., Weis, C., & Schiavo, L. (2020). Convening during COVID-19: Lessons learnt from organizing virtual workshops in 2020. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.01191.pdf
Sampaio, A. Z., & Martins, O. P. (2014). The application of virtual reality technology in the construction of bridge: The cantilever and incremental launching methods. Automation in Construction, 37, 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2013.10.015
Sampsel, D., Bharwani, G., Mehling, D., & Smith, S. (2011). Robots as Faculty: Student and Faculty Perceptions. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 7(6), e209–e218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2010.02.009
Sampsel, D., Vermeersch, P., & Doarn, C. R. (2014). Utility and Effectiveness of a Remote Telepresence Robotic System in Nursing Education in a Simulated Care Environment. Telemedicine and E-Health, 20(11), 1015–1020. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2014.0038
Samsung Gear VR. (n.d.). Samsung. https://www.samsung.com/global/galaxy/gear-vr/
Sandbergh, J. (1997). Are Phenomenographic Results Reliable? Higher Education Research & Development, 16(2), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/0729436970160207
Santos, M. E. C., Chen, A., Taketomi, T., Yamamoto, G., Miyazaki, J., & Kato, H. (2014). Augmented Reality Learning Experiences: Survey of Prototype Design and Evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 7(1), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2013.37
Sapp, W. (n.d.). Universal Design: Online Educational Media for Students with Disabilities. 103(8), 495–500. https://search.proquest.com/docview/222064390?pq-origsite=gscholar
Saykılı, A. (2018). Distance Education: Definitions, Generations, Key Concepts and Future Directions. 5(1), 2–17. http://ijcer.net/en/download/article-file/498240
Scaia, J. A. (2021). Do I Belong? What Students Teach Us About Belonging to a New University [University of South Florida]. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10058&context=etd
Scalise, K., Timms, M., Moorjani, A., Clark, L., Holtermann, K., & Irvin, P. S. (2011a). Student learning in science simulations: Design features that promote learning gains. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 48(9), 1050–1078. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20437
Scalise, K., Timms, M., Moorjani, A., Clark, L., Holtermann, K., & Irvin, P. S. (2011b). Student learning in science simulations: Design features that promote learning gains. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 48(9), 1050–1078. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20437
Scanlon, J. (2002). Robert Sokolowski, Introduction to Phenomenology. Husserl Studies, 18(1), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014076509452
Scanlon, L., Rowling, L., & Weber, Z. (2007). ‘You don’t have like an identity … you are just lost in a crowd’: Forming a Student Identity in the First-year Transition to University. Journal of Youth Studies, 10(2), 223–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676260600983684
Schaeffer, N. C., & Presser, S. (2003). The Science of Asking Questions. Annual Review of Sociology, 29(1), 65–88. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.110702.110112
Schlossberg, N. K. (1989a). Marginality and mattering: Key issues in building community. New Directions for Student Services, 1989(48), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/ss.37119894803
Schlossberg, N. K. (1989b). Marginality and mattering: Key issues in building community. New Directions for Student Services, 1989(48), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/ss.37119894803
Scobie, C. A., & Hugenholtz, C. H. (2016). Wildlife monitoring with unmanned aerial vehicles: Quantifying distance to auditory detection. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 40(4), 781–785. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.700
Scott, I. (2020). Education during ‐19: pivots and consequences. The Clinical Teacher, 17(4), 443–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.13225
Scoulas, J. M. (2021). College students’ perceptions on sense of belonging and inclusion at the academic library during COVID-19. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102460
Seale, J. (2009). Doing student voice work in higher education: an exploration of the value of participatory methods. British Educational Research Journal, 36(6), 995–1015. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920903342038
Seale, J. (2014). E-learning and disability in higher education: accessibility research and practice (2nd ed). Routledge.
Seale, J., & Cooper, M. (2010). E-learning and accessibility: An exploration of the potential role of generic pedagogical tools. Computers & Education, 54(4), 1107–1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.10.017
Secker, J., & Coonan, E. (2012). ANCIL Information Literacy Landscape. https://newcurriculum.wordpress.com/
Sedgwick, M., & Rougeau, J. (30 C.E.). Points of tension: a qualitative descriptive study of significant events that influence undergraduate nursing students’ sense of belonging. 10(4). https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/1569
Sense of belonging scale. (n.d.). Imperial College London. https://www.imperial.ac.uk/education-research/evaluation/what-can-i-evaluate/sense-of-belonging/tools-for-assessing-sense-of-belonging/sense-of-belonging-scale/
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). (2003). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome#tab=tab_1
Seymour-Walsh, A., Weber, A., & Bell, A. (2020). Practical approaches to pedagogically rich online tutorials in health professions education. Rural and Remote Health. https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH6045
Shackelford, J. L., & Maxwell, M. (2012). Sense of community in graduate online education: Contribution of learner to learner interaction. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v13i4.1339
Shannon, S. J., Francis, R. L., Chooi, Y. L., & Ng, S. L. (2013). Approaches to the use of blended learning in teaching tectonics of design to architecture/design and architectural engineering students. Architectural Science Review, 56(2), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2012.744688
Sharpe, R., Beetham, H., Benfield, G., DeCicco, E., & Lessner, E. (n.d.). Learners Experiences of Elearning Synthesis Report: Explaining Learner Differences. JISC. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/31859768/lxp2finalsynthesis.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1547728835&Signature=xL2%2FliindgsWItEKPm7AIrVoO34%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DLearners_Experiences_of_E_learning_Synth.pdf
Shaw, R.-S. (2012). A study of the relationships among learning styles, participation types, and performance in programming language learning supported by online forums. Computers & Education, 58(1), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.013
Shea, P., & Bidjerano, T. (2010). Learning presence: Towards a theory of self-efficacy, self-regulation, and the development of a communities of inquiry in online and blended learning environments. Computers & Education, 55(4), 1721–1731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.07.017
Shea, P., Hayes, S., Uzuner-Smith, S., Gozza-Cohen, M., Vickers, J., & Bidjerano, T. (2014). Reconceptualizing the community of inquiry framework: An exploratory analysis. The Internet and Higher Education, 23, 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2014.05.002
Shea, P., Sau Li, C., & Pickett, A. (2006a). A study of teaching presence and student sense of learning community in fully online and web-enhanced college courses. The Internet and Higher Education, 9(3), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2006.06.005
Shea, P., Sau Li, C., & Pickett, A. (2006b). A study of teaching presence and student sense of learning community in fully online and web-enhanced college courses. The Internet and Higher Education, 9(3), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2006.06.005
Shea, P., Swan, K., Sau LI, C., & Pickett, A. (2005). DEVELOPING LEARNING COMMUNITY IN ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS COLLEGE COURSES: THE ROLE OF TEACHING PRESENCE. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/4091310/10.1.1.96.343.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1529508933&Signature=fr14pmkLcSToqoCpe42%2FpF2jwtY%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DDeveloping_learning_community_in_online.pdf
Sherman, R. R., & Webb, R. B. (1988). Qualitative research in education: focus and methods. Falmer.
Shih, Y.-C. (2015). A virtual walk through London: culture learning through a cultural immersion experience. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(5), 407–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2013.851703
Shillington, S., Brown, M., MacKay, A., Paewai, S., Suddaby, G., & White, F. (2012). Avoiding the goulash: closing gaps and bridging distances. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 27(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2012.640789
Shin, K. W. C., & Han, J. (2016). Children’s perceptions of and interactions with a telepresence robot. 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), 521–522. https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2016.7451836
Shum, S. B., & Crick, R. D. (2012). Learning dispositions and transferable competencies. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge - LAK ’12. https://doi.org/10.1145/2330601.2330629
Si, Y. (2021). Supporting students’ emotional needs in distance learning. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/campus/supporting-students-emotional-needs-distance-learning
Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age. 1. http://www.itdl.org/Journal/Jan_05/article01.htm
Silvera, A. (2019). Accessibility Innovation in Higher Education Through Telepresence Robots. University of Victoria Library. https://venus.library.uvic.ca:8443/handle/1828/10779
Simoncelli, A., & Hinson, J. M. (2008). College Students’ with Learning Disabilities Personal Reactions to Online Learning. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 38(2), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790195.2008.10850308
Simonson, M., Smaldino, S., & Zvacek, S. M. (2015). Teaching and Learning at a Distance: Foundations of Distance Education (6th ed.). Information Age Publishing Inc.
Sims, R. (2006). Beyond Instructional Design: Making Learning Design a Reality. 1(2), 1–9. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1066491
Singh, G. (2020). Supporting Black, Asian Minority Ethnic (BAME) Students During The COVID-19 Crisis. https://shadesofnoir.org.uk/supporting-black-asian-minority-ethnic-bame-students-during-the-covid-19-crisis/
Slaten, C. D., Elison, Z. M., Deemer, E. D., Hughes, H. A., & Shemwell, D. A. (2018). The Development and Validation of the University Belonging Questionnaire. The Journal of Experimental Education, 86(4), 633–651. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2017.1339009
Slater, R., Pearson, V. K., Warren, J. P., & Forbes, T. (2015). Institutional change for improving accessibility in the design and delivery of distance learning – the role of faculty accessibility specialists at The Open University. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 30(1), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2015.1013528
Slykhuis, D. A., Wiebe, E. N., & Annetta, L. A. (2005). Eye-Tracking Students’ Attention to PowerPoint Photographs in a Science Education Setting. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 14(5–6), 509–520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-005-0225-z
Smidt, A., Balandin, S., Sigafoos, J., & Reed, V. A. (2009). The Kirkpatrick model: A useful tool for evaluating training outcomes. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 34(3), 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668250903093125
Smith, J. (n.d.). Phenomenology. Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. https://iep.utm.edu/phenom/
Smith, S. J., & Basham, J. D. (2014). Designing Online Learning Opportunities for Students with Disabilities. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 46(5), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059914530102
Smith, S. J., & Harvey, E. E. (2014). K-12 online lesson alignment to the principles of Universal Design for Learning: the Khan Academy. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 29(3), 222–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2014.992402
Smith, S., Pickford, R., Edwards, L., Priestley, J., Sellers, R., & Sinclair, G. (2021). Building a Sense Of Belonging in students: Using a participatory approach with staff to share academic practice. Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 9(1), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v9i1.448
Smoyer, A. B., O’Brien, K., & Rodriguez-Keyes, E. (2020). Lessons learned from COVID-19: Being known in online social work classrooms. International Social Work, 63(5), 651–654. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872820940021
Soares, N., Kay, J. C., & Craven, G. (2017). Mobile Robotic Telepresence Solutions for the Education of Hospitalized Children. 1e. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5653953/
Solomon, Y. (2007). Not belonging? What makes a functional learner identity in undergraduate mathematics? Studies in Higher Education, 32(1), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070601099473
Solutions and innovations in web-based technologies for augmented learning. (2009). Information Science Reference.
Sommerauer, P., & Müller, O. (2014). Augmented reality in informal learning environments: A field experiment in a mathematics exhibition. Computers & Education, 79, 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.07.013
Song, L., Singleton, E. S., Hill, J. R., & Koh, M. H. (2004). Improving online learning: Student perceptions of useful and challenging characteristics. The Internet and Higher Education, 7(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2003.11.003
Soria, K. M., & Stubblefield, R. (2015). Knowing Me, Knowing You. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 17(3), 351–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025115575914
Spady, W. G. (1971). Dropouts from higher education: Toward an empirical model. Interchange, 2(3), 38–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02282469
Spanierman, L. B., Soble, J. R., Mayfield, J. B., Neville, H. A., Aber, M., Khuri, L., & De La Rosa, B. (2013). Living Learning Communities and Students’ Sense of Community and Belonging. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 50(3), 308–325. https://doi.org/10.1515/jsarp-2013-0022
Spaulding, S. (2002). Distance Education, Broadcast Media, Virtual Reality, and Cyberspace: Is the Future Passing Us By? edited by Graham Orange and David Hobbs. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000. 182 pp. $59.95 (cloth). ISBN 0‐7546‐1202‐3. by Hilary Perraton. New York: Routledge, 2000. 228 pp. $90.00 (cloth). ISBN 0‐415‐19418‐0. $29.99 (paper). ISBN 0‐414‐19419. Comparative Education Review, 46(1), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1086/324048
Spencer-Oatey, H., Dauber, D., Jing, J., & Lifei, W. (2017). Chinese students’ social integration into the university community: hearing the students’ voices. Higher Education, 74(5), 739–756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0074-0
Squire, K., & Barab, S. (2004). Replaying history: engaging urban underserved students in learning world history through computer simulation games. 505–512. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1149188
Stacey, E. (1999). Collaborative Learning in an Online Environment. 14(2), 14–33. http://www.ijede.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/154
Stanford | Visitor Information. (n.d.). Stanford. https://visit.stanford.edu/tours/virtual/
Steele, C. B. (2013). Building collaborative learning environments: The effects of trust and its relationship to learning in the 3-D virtual education environment of second life [Colorado Technical University.]. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1503670563?pq-origsite=gscholar
Stenfors-Hayes, T., Hult, H., & Dahlgren, M. A. (2013). A phenomenographic approach to research in medical education. Medical Education, 47(3), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12101
Steuer, J. (1992). Defining Virtual Reality: Dimensions Determining Telepresence. Journal of Communication, 42(4), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x
Stewart, A. J. (2020). Sense of belonging in digital spaces [Fresno State University]. https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/concern/theses/kd17cw43j
Stewart, B. (2020). Online exam monitoring can invade privacy and erode trust at universities. https://theconversation.com/online-exam-monitoring-can-invade-privacy-and-erode-trust-at-universities-149335
Stodel, E. J., Thompson, T. L., & MacDonald, C. J. (2006a). Learners’ Perspectives on what is Missing from Online Learning: Interpretations through the Community of Inquiry Framework. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v7i3.325
Stodel, E. J., Thompson, T. L., & MacDonald, C. J. (2006b). Learners’ Perspectives on what is Missing from Online Learning: Interpretations through the Community of Inquiry Framework. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v7i3.325
Stokes, D. C. (2020). Senior Medical Students in the COVID‐19 Response: An Opportunity to Be Proactive. Academic Emergency Medicine, 27(4), 343–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.13972
Stokes, J. W. (2017). Examining the Sense of Belonging of First-Generation Students and their College Persistence: An Exploratory Interview Study [The University of Tennessee Knoxville]. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/4756/
Stone, C. (2017). Opportunity through Online Learning: Improving student access, participation and success in higher education. https://www.ncsehe.edu.au/publications/opportunity-online-learning-improving-student-access-participation-success-higher-education/
Stone, C., & O’Shea, S. (2019). Older, online and first: Recommendations for retention and success. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.3913
Strang, K. D. (2009). Measuring online learning approach and mentoring preferences of international doctorate students. International Journal of Educational Research, 48(4), 245–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2009.11.002
Straub, C. (2012). The Effects Of Synchronous Online Cognitive Strategy Instruction In Writing For Students With Learning Disabilities [University of Central Florida]. http://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2425/
Strayhorn, T. L. (2021). Exploring Ethnic Minority First-Year College Students’ Well-Being and Sense of Belonging: A Qualitative Investigation of a Brief Intervention. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 6(1), 42–58. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/11422
Strayhorn, T. L. & Ebooks Corporation Limited. (2012). College students’ sense of belonging: a key to educational success for all students. Routledge. http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1101369
Student Transitions Map. (n.d.). QAA Scotland. https://www.studenttransitionmap.uk/images/studentTransImage.pdf
Students In Japan Have Been Having Their Graduation Ceremony In Minecraft Because Of Coronavirus. (n.d.). Awesome Inventions. https://www.awesomeinventions.com/graduation-ceremony-in-minecraft/
Subbarao, I., Lyznicki, J. M., Hsu, E. B., Gebbie, K. M., Markenson, D., Barzansky, B., Armstrong, J. H., Cassimatis, E. G., Coule, P. L., Dallas, C. E., King, R. V., Rubinson, L., Sattin, R., Swienton, R. E., Lillibridge, S., Burkle, F. M., Schwartz, R. B., & James, J. J. (2008). A Consensus-based Educational Framework and Competency Set for the Discipline. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 2(01), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1097/DMP.0b013e31816564af
Success as a Knowledge Economy: Teaching Excellence, Social Mobility and Student Choice. (n.d.). Department for Business Innovation & Skills. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/523546/bis-16-265-success-as-a-knowledge-economy-web.pdf
Successful online distance learners: an exploration of learner characteristics and patterns in online learning. (n.d.). 9–18. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sebastian_Vogt/publication/271191109_Life-world_factors_of_distance_education_students_and_their_influence_on_learning_achievement/links/54c3d3f90cf219bbe4ec6375.pdf#page=21
Suebnukarn, S., Haddawy, P., Rhienmora, P., Jittimanee, P., & Viratket, P. (2010). Augmented Kinematic Feedback from Haptic Virtual Reality for Dental Skill Acquisition. Journal of Dental Education, 74(12), 1357–1366. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2010.74.12.tb05011.x
Sumadio, D. D., & Rambli, D. R. A. (2010). Preliminary Evaluation on User Acceptance of the Augmented Reality Use for Education. 2010 Second International Conference on Computer Engineering and Applications, 461–465. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCEA.2010.239
Sumsion, J., & Wong, S. (2011). Interrogating ‘Belonging’ in Belonging, Being and Becoming: The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 12(1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.2304/ciec.2011.12.1.28
Sun, N., Rau, P. P.-L., & Ma, L. (2014). Understanding lurkers in online communities: A literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.022
Supporting student transitions into online learning. (2018). University of Edinburgh. https://www.teaching-matters-blog.ed.ac.uk/supporting-student-transitions-into-online-learning/
Supporting the Identity Development of Underrepresented Students (SIDUS). (n.d.). Imperial College London. https://www.imperial.ac.uk/education-research/our-work/identities-in-education/sidus/
Swamy, M., Sawdon, M., Chaytor, A., Cox, D., Barbaro-Brown, J., & McLachlan, J. (2014). A study to investigate the effectiveness of SimMan® as an adjunct in teaching preclinical skills to medical students. BMC Medical Education, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-14-231
Swan, K. (2001). Virtual interaction: Design factors affecting student satisfaction and perceived learning in asynchronous online courses. Distance Education, 22(2), 306–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158791010220208
Swenson, L. M., Nordstrom, A., & Hiester, M. (2008). The Role of Peer Relationships in Adjustment to College. Journal of College Student Development, 49(6), 551–567. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0038
T. T. Phua, F., H. Dericks, G., R. Thompson, E., & Enders, J. (2023). Are satisfied students simply happy people in the first place? The role of trait affect in student satisfaction. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2023.2230386
Take Virtual Tours Of These Stunning Libraries. (2020). I Love Libraries. http://www.ilovelibraries.org/article/take-virtual-tours-these-stunning-libraries
Talab, R. S., & Newhouse, B. (n.d.). Self Efficacy, Performance Variables and Distance Learning Facilitator Technology Adoption: Support for the Teacher Needs Hierarchy. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED362207
Tanaka, F., Takahashi, T., Matsuzoe, S., Tazawa, N., & Morita, M. (2013). Child-operated telepresence robot: A field trial connecting classrooms between Australia and Japan. 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 5896–5901. https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2013.6697211
Tandy, C., & Meacham, M. (2009). Removing the Barriers for Students with Disabilities: Accessible Online and Web‐Enhanced Courses. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 29(3), 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841230903022118
Tankari, M. (n.d.). Student perception of collaborative learning, social presence, and satisfaction in CMC learning environments: Relationships and critical factors. https://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~ct68/ETC599DE/TankariMoussa.htm
Tattersall, A. (8 C.E.). Don’t be a giraffe – How to avoid trolls on academic social media. The London School of Economics and Political Science. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2019/04/08/dont-be-a-giraffe-how-to-avoid-trolls-on-academic-social-media/
Telepresence robot system for English tutoring. (2010). 2010 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and Its Social Impacts, 152–155. https://doi.org/10.1109/ARSO.2010.5679999
Terdiman, D. (24 C.E.). Campus Life Comes to Second Life. https://www.wired.com/2004/09/campus-life-comes-to-second-life/
Tett, L., Cree, V. E., & Christie, H. (2017). From further to higher education: transition as an on-going process. Higher Education, 73(3), 389–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0101-1
Thalmann, D. (2001). The Role of Virtual Humans in Virtual Environment Technology and Interfaces. In R. A. Earnshaw, R. A. Guedj, A. van Dam, & J. A. Vince (Eds.), Frontiers of Human-Centered Computing, Online Communities and Virtual Environments (pp. 27–38). Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0259-5_3
The Community of Inquiry. (n.d.). https://coi.athabascau.ca/
the discoursal construction of identity in academic writing. (1998). John Benjamins.
The Public Sector Bodies (Websites and Mobile Applications) (No. 2) Accessibility Regulations 2018, (2018). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2018/952/made
The use of games and simulations in higher education can improve students’ cognitive and behavioural skills. (n.d.). https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2017/10/05/the-use-of-games-and-simulations-in-higher-education-can-improve-students-cognitive-and-behavioural-skills/
This is Me RU Digitally Ready? Home of Digital Literacy and Digital Identity learning materials. (n.d.). University of Reading. http://blogs.reading.ac.uk/this-is-me/
Thomas, L. (2012). Building student engagement and belonging in Higher Education at a time of change: a summary of findings and recommendations from the What Works? Student Retention & Success programme. https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/system/files/what_works_summary_report_0.pdf
Thomas, L. (2013). What works? Facilitating an effective transition into higher education. Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning, 14(1), 4–24. https://doi.org/10.5456/WPLL.14.S.4
Thomas, L., Herbert, J., & Teras, M. (2014a). A sense of belonging to enhance participation, success and retention in online programs. The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.5204/intjfyhe.v5i2.233
Thomas, L., Herbert, J., & Teras, M. (2014b). A sense of belonging to enhance participation, success and retention in online programs. The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.5204/intjfyhe.v5i2.233
Thomas, L., Hill, M., O’Mahony, J., & Yorke, M. (2017). Supporting student success: strategies for institutional change. AdvanceHE. https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/supporting-student-success-strategies-institutional-change
Thompson, P., & Chaivist, S. (2019). Telepresence Robots as Embodied Agents in the Classroom. 911–912. https://repository.isls.org/bitstream/1/1726/1/911-912.pdf
Timeline: WHO’s COVID-19 response. (2019). The World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline#event-0
Tinto, V. (1997). Classrooms as Communities. The Journal of Higher Education, 68(6), 599–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.1997.11779003
Tinto, V. (2006). Research and Practice of Student Retention: What Next? Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 8(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.2190/4YNU-4TMB-22DJ-AN4W
Tobin, T. J. (n.d.). INCREASE ONLINE STUDENT RETENTION WITH UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING. 15(3), 13–24. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1660593756/fulltext/CBB24BEC9BC34985PQ/1?accountid=14540
Todd, A. (2023a). Let’s get visible: evidence-based interventions aimed at supporting, empowering and celebrating student-parents in higher education. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 26. https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi26.920
Todd, A. (2023b). ‘What Is? What If? What Next?’ Why institutions must urgently identify, support, and celebrate their student-parents – and imagining a world in which they do so. Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning, 24(3), 165–188. https://doi.org/10.5456/WPLL.24.3.165
Todri, A., Papajorgji, P., Moskowitz, H., & Scalera, F. (2020). Perceptions regarding Distance Learning in Higher Education, Smoothing the Transition. Contemporary Educational Technology, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/9274
Toprak, E., & Kumtepe, E. G. (3 C.E.). Supporting Multiculturalism in Open and Distance Learning Spaces. In Culture and Motivation in Globalized Open and Distance Learning Spaces. IGI Global. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=1eY7DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA146&dq=online+distance+learning&ots=ZKQ66fORku&sig=QJpByPPkvKz7SxwBP-M9MMrmmaM#v=onepage&q=online%20distance%20learning&f=false
Toufaily, E., Zalan, T., & Lee, D. (2018). What Do Learners Value in Online Education? An Emerging Market Perspective. 12(2), 24–39. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1193341
Tovar, E., & Simon, M. A. (2010). Factorial Structure and Invariance Analysis of the Sense of Belonging Scales. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 43(3), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175610384811
Transition into Higher Education – Extending and Enhancing Best Practices. (n.d.). https://www.tu4dublin.ie/contentFiles/contentModuleImages/0000%20-%20TU4Dublin%20First%20Year%20Transition%20Report%20for%20Learning%20Teaching%20&%20Assessment%20Working%20Group.pdf
Trawalter, S., Hoffman, K., & Palmer, L. (2021). Out of place: Socioeconomic status, use of public space, and belonging in higher education. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 120(1), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000248
Trombetta, M., Bazzanello Henrique, P. P., Brum, M. R., Colussi, E. L., De Marchi, A. C. B., & Rieder, R. (2017). Motion Rehab AVE 3D: A VR-based exergame for post-stroke rehabilitation. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 151, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.08.008
Trujillo, G., & Tanner, K. D. (2014). Considering the Role of Affect in Learning: Monitoring Students’ Self-Efficacy, Sense of Belonging, and Science Identity. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 13(1), 6–15. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.13-12-0241
Tsui, K. M., & Yanco, H. A. (2013). Design Challenges and Guidelines for Social Interaction Using Mobile Telepresence Robots. Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 9(1), 227–301. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557234X13502462
Tu, C.-H., & McIsaac, M. (2002). The Relationship of Social Presence and Interaction in Online Classes. American Journal of Distance Education, 16(3), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15389286AJDE1603_2
Tung, N. D., Barr, J., Sheppard, D. J., Elliot, D. A., Tottey, L. S., & Walsh, K. A. J. (2015). Spherical Photography and Virtual Tours for Presenting Crime Scenes and Forensic Evidence in New Zealand Courtrooms. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 60(3), 753–758. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12736
Turn on, tune in, drop out: Anticipating student dropouts in massive open online courses. (n.d.). https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~diyiy/docs/nips13.pdf
Turner, R., Morrison, D., Cotton, D., Child, S., Stevens, S., Nash, P., & Kneale, P. (2017). Easing the transition of first year undergraduates through an immersive induction module. Teaching in Higher Education, 22(7), 805–821. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2017.1301906
Tüzün, H., & Özdinç, F. (2016). The effects of 3D multi-user virtual environments on freshmen university students’ conceptual and spatial learning and presence in departmental orientation. Computers & Education, 94, 228–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.12.005
Uhrmacher, P. B. (2009). Toward a Theory of Aesthetic Learning Experiences. Curriculum Inquiry, 39(5), 613–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-873X.2009.00462.x
UNITWIN/UNESCO Chair holders institutional responses to COVID-19: preliminary results of a survey conducted in April 2020. (2020). UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377254
University of Dundee Virtual Tour. (n.d.). University_of_Dundee. https://www.dundee.ac.uk/virtual-tour/
University of Edinburgh - Virtual Graduation Ceremonies. (2009). http://vue.ed.ac.uk/graduation.html
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS A place where all students belong - Access and Student Success Strategy 2025. (n.d.). University of Leeds. https://ses.leeds.ac.uk/info/22252/access_and_student_success/1250/access_and_student_success_strategy
University of Stirling Virtual Tour. (n.d.). University_of_Stirling. https://www.stir.ac.uk/study/visit-us/virtualtour/#tour
Unmasking the Effects of Student Engagement on First-Year College Grades and Persistence. (2008). The Journal of Higher Education, 79(5), 540–563. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.0.0019
Vaccaro, A., Daly-Cano, M., & Newman, B. M. (2015). A Sense of Belonging Among College Students With Disabilities: An Emergent Theoretical Model. Journal of College Student Development, 56(7), 670–686. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2015.0072
Vaccaro, A., & Newman, B. M. (2017). A Sense of Belonging Through the Eyes of First-Year LGBPQ Students. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 54(2), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2016.1211533
Valverde, H. H. (1973). A Review of Flight Simulator Transfer of Training Studies. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 15(6), 510–522. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872087301500603
van Herpen, S. G. A., Meeuwisse, M., Hofman, W. H. A., & Severiens, S. E. (2020). A head start in higher education: the effect of a transition intervention on interaction, sense of belonging, and academic performance. Studies in Higher Education, 45(4), 862–877. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1572088
van Rooij, S. W., & Zirkle, K. (2016). Balancing pedagogy, student readiness and accessibility: A case study in collaborative online course development. The Internet and Higher Education, 28, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.08.001
Vang, T. M. (2020). SCHOOL BELONGING MATTERS IN COLLEGE: PREDICTORS AND OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH SCHOOL BELONGING [California State University, Sacramento]. https://dspace.calstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10211.3/218167/Vang%20Tseng%20Thesis.pdf?sequence=5
Vayre, E., & Vonthron, A.-M. (2017). Psychological Engagement of Students in Distance and Online Learning. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 55(2), 197–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633116656849
Vesely, P., Bloom, L., & Sherlock, J. (3 C.E.). Key Elements of Building Online Community: Comparing Faculty and Student Perceptions. 3(3). http://jolt.merlot.org/vol3no3/vesely.htm?utm_source=nov+11+-+Building+Community+In+The+Online+Environment%3A+Essential+Strategies+For+&utm_campaign=Building+Community+In+The+Online+Environment%3A+Essential+Strategies+For+Today%27s+Instructors&utm_medium=email
Video: Hundreds of protesters march to Parliament Square in London against harassment of women. (2021). The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/04/03/videohundreds-protestors-march-parliament-square-london-against/
Vincent Tinto. (1987). Leaving college. University of Chicago Press.
Viola, J. K. (2021). Belonging and Global Citizenship in a STEM University. Education Sciences, 11(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11120803
‘Virtual graduation’ for students. (2009). BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/8378291.stm
Virtual graduation to mark momentous day for medical students. (3 C.E.). Press Office Newcastle University. https://www.ncl.ac.uk/press/articles/latest/2020/04/virtualgraduation/
Volonté, F., Pugin, F., Bucher, P., Sugimoto, M., Ratib, O., & Morel, P. (2011). Augmented reality and image overlay navigation with OsiriX in laparoscopic and robotic surgery: not only a matter of fashion. Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences, 18(4), 506–509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00534-011-0385-6
Vonderwell, S., & Zachariah, S. (2005). Factors that Influence Participation In Online Learning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 38(2), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2005.10782457
Voyager, D. (30 C.E.). 2019 Mobile Apps For Second Life. https://danielvoyager.wordpress.com/2019/01/30/2019-mobile-apps-for-second-life/
Voyager, D. (2019). 2019 Mobile Apps For Second Life. https://danielvoyager.wordpress.com/2019/01/30/2019-mobile-apps-for-second-life/
Vygotskiĭ, L. S. & Askews & Holts Library Services. (1978a). Mind in society: the development of higher psychological processes (M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds.). Harvard University Press. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780674076686
Vygotskiĭ, L. S. & Askews & Holts Library Services. (1978b). Mind in society: the development of higher psychological processes (M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds.). Harvard University Press. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780674076686
Wachtler, J., Hubmann, M., Zöhrer, H., & Ebner, M. (2016). An analysis of the use and effect of questions in interactive learning-videos. Smart Learning Environments, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-016-0033-3
Wagler, A., & Hanus, M. D. (2018). Comparing Virtual Reality Tourism to Real-Life Experience: Effects of Presence and Engagement on Attitude and Enjoyment. Communication Research Reports, 35(5), 456–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2018.1525350
Wald, M., Draffan, E. A., & Seale, J. (2009). Disabled Learners’ Experiences of E-learning. 18(3), 341–361. https://search.proquest.com/docview/205848003?pq-origsite=gscholar
Waller, H. (5 C.E.). As trolls invade, Zoom vows action. Boston Globe. https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2020/04/05/trolls-invade-zoom-vows-action/G6uIeGFl8iSDsqyZMhQ2MO/story.html
Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2011). A Brief Social-Belonging Intervention Improves Academic and Health Outcomes of Minority Students. Science, 331(6023), 1447–1451. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1198364
Wang, C.-Y., Wu, H.-K., Lee, S. W.-Y., Hwang, F.-K., Chang, H.-Y., Wu, Y.-T., Chiou, G.-L., Chen, S., Liang, J.-C., Lin, J.-W., Lo, H., & Tsai, C.-C. (2014). A Review of Research on Technology-Assisted School Science Laboratories. 17(2), 307–320. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/jeductechsoci.17.2.307.pdf
Wang, F., & Burton, J. K. (2013). Second Life in education: A review of publications from its launch to 2011. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(3), 357–371. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01334.x
Wang, Q., & Woo, H. L. (2007). Comparing asynchronous online discussions and face-to-face discussions in a classroom setting. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(2), 272–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2006.00621.x
Wang, S., Jiang, M., Duchesne, X. M., Laugeson, E. A., Kennedy, D. P., Adolphs, R., & Zhao, Q. (2015). Atypical Visual Saliency in Autism Spectrum Disorder Quantified through Model-Based Eye Tracking. Neuron, 88(3), 604–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.042
Wang, X., Kim, M. J., Love, P. E. D., & Kang, S.-C. (2013). Augmented Reality in built environment: Classification and implications for future research. Automation in Construction, 32, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.11.021
Wankel, C., Blessinger, P., Stanaityte, J., & Washington, N. (2012). Increasing student engagement and retention using online learning activities: wikis, blogs and webquests: Vol. v. 6A. Emerald.
Warburton, S. (2009a). Second Life in higher education: Assessing the potential for and the barriers to deploying virtual worlds in learning and teaching. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(3), 414–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00952.x
Warburton, S. (2009b). Second Life in higher education: Assessing the potential for and the barriers to deploying virtual worlds in learning and teaching. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(3), 414–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00952.x
Wasilik, O., & Bolliger, D. U. (2009). Faculty satisfaction in the online environment: An institutional study. The Internet and Higher Education, 12(3–4), 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2009.05.001
Watch: Filipino students attend "cyber-graduation” ceremony. (22 C.E.). Twitter. https://twitter.com/TIME/status/1263866493420396544?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1263866493420396544%7Ctwgr%5E&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Ftrending%2Ftrending-globally%2Fcyber-graduation-virtual-graduation-philippine-high-school-graduation-6423820%2F
Watkins, J., & Wilkins, M. (2011). Using YouTube in the EFL Classroom. Language Education in Asia, 2(1), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.5746/LEiA/11/V2/I1/A09/Watkins_Wilkins
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1. (2018). W3C. https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/
Webber, S., & Johnston, B. (2016). An introduction to phenomenographic research. http://ojs.eahil.eu/ojs/index.php/JEAHIL/article/view/73
Weber, G., & Abascal, J. (2006). People with Disabilities: Materials for Teaching Accessibility and Design for All. In K. Miesenberger, J. Klaus, W. L. Zagler, & A. I. Karshmer (Eds.), Computers Helping People with Special Needs (Vol. 4061, pp. 337–340). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11788713_50
Wedlock, B. C., & Growe, R. (n.d.). The Technology Driven Student: How to Apply Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy to the Digital Generations. 7(1). http://jespnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_1_March_2017/4.pdf
Weidlich, J., & Bastiaens, T. J. (2019). Designing sociable online learning environments and enhancing social presence: An affordance enrichment approach. Computers & Education, 142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103622
Weller, J. M. (2004). Simulation in undergraduate medical education: bridging the gap between theory and practice. Medical Education, 38(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2004.01739.x
Weller, J. M., Nestel, D., Marshall, S. D., Brooks, P. M., & Conn, J. J. (2012). Simulation in clinical teaching and learning. The Medical Journal of Australia, 196(9). https://doi.org/10.5694/mja10.11474
Wellman, B. (2018). Networks in the Global Village (B. Wellman, Ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429498718
Wells, A. V., & Horn, C. (2015). The Asian American College Experience at a Diverse Institution: Campus Climate as a Predictor of Sense of Belonging. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 52(2), 149–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2015.1041867
Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press.
Wenger, E., White, N., & Smith, J. D. (2009). Digital habitats: stewarding technology for communities (1st ed). CPsquare.
Wertzberger, E. (2019). The Future of Field Experiences in Distance Education: Theory & Practice in Rural Education, 9(2), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.3776/tpre.2019.v9n2p35-46
Westbrook, V. (2006). The virtual learning future. Teaching in Higher Education, 11(4), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562510600874276
What are some examples of online simulations for science labs? (n.d.). Washington.edu. https://www.washington.edu/doit/what-are-some-examples-online-simulations-science-labs
What is Grounded Theory. (n.d.). Grounded Theory Online. http://www.groundedtheoryonline.com/what-is-grounded-theory/
Wheeler, M. (2009). Developing the Media Zoo in Second Life. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(3), 427–443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.00942.x
Wheeler, S. (2015). Learning with ’e’s: educational theory and practice in the digital age. Crown House Publishing.
Wheeler, S., Yeomans, P., & Wheeler, D. (2008). The good, the bad and the wiki: Evaluating student-generated content for collaborative learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(6), 987–995. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2007.00799.x
White, D. (2022). Belonging is inconvenient. http://daveowhite.com/inconvenient/
White, J., & Nonnamaker, J. (2008). Belonging and Mattering: How Doctoral Students Experience Community. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 45(3). https://doi.org/10.2202/1949-6605.1860
Whittaker, A. A. (2015). Effects of Team-Based Learning on Self-Regulated Online Learning. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 12(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2014-0046
Whitten, D., James, A., & Roberts, C. (2020a). Factors That Contribute to a Sense of Belonging in Business Students on a Small 4-Year Public Commuter Campus in the Midwest. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 22(1), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025117726520
Whitten, D., James, A., & Roberts, C. (2020b). Factors That Contribute to a Sense of Belonging in Business Students on a Small 4-Year Public Commuter Campus in the Midwest. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 22(1), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025117726520
Whittington, A. L. (1995). Factors Impacting on the Success of Distance Education Students of the University of the West Indies: A Review of the Literature. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED453740
Whitton, N., Jones, R., Wilson, S., & Whitton, P. (2014). Alternate reality games as learning environments for student induction. Interactive Learning Environments, 22(3), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2011.641683
Wiecha, J., Heyden, R., Sternthal, E., & Merialdi, M. (2010a). Learning in a Virtual World: Experience With Using Second Life for Medical Education. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1337
Wiecha, J., Heyden, R., Sternthal, E., & Merialdi, M. (2010b). Learning in a Virtual World: Experience With Using Second Life for Medical Education. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1337
Wierenga, K., & Florio, L. (2005). Eduroam: past, present and future. 11(2), 169–173. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.461.1069&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Wijayaratne, A., & Singh, D. (2010). Is there space in cyberspace for distance learners with special needs in Asia? A review of the level of Web accessibility of institutional and library homepages of AAOU members. International Information & Library Review, 42(1), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/10572317.2010.10762841
Williams, A. J., & Pence, H. E. (2011). Smart Phones, a Powerful Tool in the Chemistry Classroom. Journal of Chemical Education, 88(6), 683–686. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed200029p
Williams, J., Ritter, J., & Bullock, S. M. (2012). Understanding the Complexity of Becoming a Teacher Educator: Experience, belonging, and practice within a professional learning community. Studying Teacher Education, 8(3), 245–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425964.2012.719130
Williams, N., Ioannou, Y., Stewart, C., Gulati, P., & Singh, S. (2015). An innovative interactive medical student induction programme in paediatrics. Medical Teacher, 37(2), 200–201. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2014.940872
Wilson, A. S., O’Connor, J., Taylor, L., & Carruthers, D. (2017). A 3D virtual reality ophthalmoscopy trainer. The Clinical Teacher, 14(6), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.12646
Wilson, D., Jones, D., Bocell, F., Crawford, J., Kim, M. J., Veilleux, N., Floyd-Smith, T., Bates, R., & Plett, M. (2015). Belonging and Academic Engagement Among Undergraduate STEM Students: A Multi-institutional Study. Research in Higher Education, 56(7), 750–776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-015-9367-x
Wilson, D., Spring, D., & Hansen, L. (2008). Psychological sense of community & belonging in engineering education. 2008 38th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference, F3F-21-F3F-24. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2008.4720650
Winner, L. (1993). Upon Opening the Black Box and Finding It Empty: Social Constructivism and the Philosophy of Technology. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 18(3), 362–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/016224399301800306
Witmer, B. G., & Singer, M. J. (1998). Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 7(3), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1162/105474698565686
Wojciechowski, R., & Cellary, W. (2013). Evaluation of learners’ attitude toward learning in ARIES augmented reality environments. Computers & Education, 68, 570–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.014
Won, S., Hensley, L. C., & Wolters, C. A. (2021). Brief Research Report: Sense of Belonging and Academic Help-Seeking as Self-Regulated Learning. The Journal of Experimental Education, 89(1), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2019.1703095
Woodruff Smith, D. (2013). Phenomenology. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/phenomenology/
World Changers Welcome Brand Toolkit. (n.d.). University of Glasgow. https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/staff/brandtoolkit/universitycampaigns/worldchangerswelcome/
Wu, H.-K., Lee, S. W.-Y., Chang, H.-Y., & Liang, J.-C. (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers & Education, 62, 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.024
Wu, W.-H., Jim Wu, Y.-C., Chen, C.-Y., Kao, H.-Y., Lin, C.-H., & Huang, S.-H. (2012). Review of trends from mobile learning studies: A meta-analysis. Computers & Education, 59(2), 817–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.016
Xie, K., Durrington, V., & Ling Ling, Y. (2011). Relationship between Students’ Motivation and their Participation in Asynchronous Online. 7(1). https://search.proquest.com/docview/1497199021?pq-origsite=gscholar
Xie, K., & Ke, F. (2011). The role of students’ motivation in peer-moderated asynchronous online discussions. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(6), 916–930. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01140.x
Xie, X., Siau, K., & Nah, F. F.-H. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic – online education in the new normal and the next normal. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 22(3), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228053.2020.1824884
Yamamoto, R., Sekimoto, H., & Kubota, K. (2016). Studying a Tele-Presence Robot Installed into a Hospital Classroom. 10(1), 53–62. http://jaems.jp/contents/icomej/vol10/7_yamamoto.pdf
Yang, Y., Cho, Y., Mathew, S., & Worth, S. (2011). College Student Effort Expenditure in Online Versus Face-to-Face Courses. Journal of Advanced Academics, 22(4), 619–638. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932202X11415003
Yao, C. W. (2015). Sense of Belonging in International Students: Making the Case against Integration to US Institutions of Higher Education [University of Nebraska - Lincoln]. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188112646.pdf
Yates, C., Partridge, H., & Bruce, C. (2012). Exploring information experiences through phenomenography. Library and Information Research, 36(112), 96–119. https://doi.org/10.29173/lirg496
Yee, N., Bailenson, J. N., Urbanek, M., Chang, F., & Merget, D. (2007). The Unbearable Likeness of Being Digital: The Persistence of Nonverbal Social Norms in Online Virtual Environments. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(1), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9984
Yerdelen-Damar, S., Boz, Y., & Aydın-Günbatar, S. (2017). Mediated Effects of Technology Competencies and Experiences on Relations among Attitudes Towards Technology Use, Technology Ownership, and Self Efficacy about Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 26(4), 394–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-017-9687-z
Yoo, S. J., & Huang, W. D. (2013). Engaging Online Adult Learners in Higher Education: Motivational Factors Impacted by Gender, Age, and Prior Experiences. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 61(3), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/07377363.2013.836823
Yoon, S. A., Elinich, K., Wang, J., Steinmeier, C., & Tucker, S. (2012a). Using augmented reality and knowledge-building scaffolds to improve learning in a science museum. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 7(4), 519–541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-012-9156-x
Yoon, S. A., Elinich, K., Wang, J., Steinmeier, C., & Tucker, S. (2012b). Using augmented reality and knowledge-building scaffolds to improve learning in a science museum. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 7(4), 519–541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-012-9156-x
Youngblut, C. (1998). Educational uses of virtual reality technology. http://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/94ea.content.pdf
Yuen, S. C.-Y., Yaoyuneyong, G., & Johnson, E. (2011). Augmented Reality: An Overview and Five Directions for AR in Education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.18785/jetde.0401.10
Yun, S., Shin, J., Kim, D., Kim, C. G., Kim, M., & Choi, M.-T. (2011). Engkey: Tele-education Robot. In B. Mutlu, C. Bartneck, J. Ham, V. Evers, & T. Kanda (Eds.), Social Robotics (Vol. 7072, pp. 142–152). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25504-5_15
Yun, S.-S., Kim, M., & Choi, M.-T. (2013). Easy Interface and Control of Tele-education Robots. International Journal of Social Robotics, 5(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0192-0
Zauber, Z. (3 C.E.). Graduation for University of Washington Certificate in Virtual Worlds. https://zinniazauber.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/graduation-for-university-of-washington-certificate-in-virtual-worlds/
Zhang, D., & Nunamaker, J. F. (2003). Powering E-Learning In the New Millennium: An Overview of E-Learning and Enabling Technology. Information Systems Frontiers, 5(2), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022609809036
Zhang, M., Duan, P., Zhang, Z., & Esche, S. (2018, November 9). Development of Telepresence Teaching Robots With Social Capabilities. Volume 5: Engineering Education. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86686
Zhao, H., Sullivan, K. P. H., & Mellenius, I. (2014). Participation, interaction and social presence: An exploratory study of collaboration in online peer review groups. British Journal of Educational Technology, 45(5), 807–819. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12094
Zhao, L., Lu, Y., Wang, B., Chau, P. Y. K., & Zhang, L. (2012a). Cultivating the sense of belonging and motivating user participation in virtual communities: A social capital perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 32(6), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2012.02.006
Zhao, L., Lu, Y., Wang, B., Chau, P. Y. K., & Zhang, L. (2012b). Cultivating the sense of belonging and motivating user participation in virtual communities: A social capital perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 32(6), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2012.02.006
Zulfiqar, S., Zhou, R., Asmi, F., & Yasin, A. (2018). Using simulation system for collaborative learning to enhance learner’s performance. Cogent Education, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2018.1424678
