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5/FD02P00895High Court of Justice Queens Bench Division26 February 2003Before: The President Wednesday 26th February, 2003, Hearing dates : 20th, 21st and 22nd January 2003Crown copyright (26AD) The Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust v A & Others case [2003] EWHC 259(QB), The L Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust v Mr A, Mrs A, YA, ZA (By their Litigation Friend, The Official Solicitor), The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, Mr B, Mrs B.
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A and B (minors) (by C their mother and next friend) v A Health and Social Services Trust (2010) (no date).
A and Others v Ireland (25579/05) (2011) 53 EHRR. 13 (no date).
A (Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008: Assisted Reproduction: Parent), Re [2015] EWHC 2602 (Fam); (11AD) A (Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008: Assisted Reproduction: Parent), Re.
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‘*ABC v St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust and others’ (no date) All England Reporter [Preprint]. Available at: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=5NK6-XP41-DYBP-N15G&csi=274665&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t.
Abortion Act 1967 c. 87 (no date).
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Abortion (Sex-Selection) Bill 2014-15 (Private Member’s Bill) UK Parliament (no date). Available at: http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2014-15/abortionsexselection.html.
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AD v East Kent Community NHS Trust (2003) All England Law Reports.
Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000 asp 4 (Scottish Act) (no date a).
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‘Adults with Incapacity (Specified Medical Treatments) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2002/302 (Scottish SI)’ (no date). Available at: https://signon.thomsonreuters.com/federation/UKF?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gla.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com%2FDocument%2FI6B936120E42311DAA7CF8F68F6EE57AB%2FView%2FFullText.html%3FskipAnonymous%3Dtrue.
Adults with Incapacity (Specified Medical Treatments) (Scotland) Regulations 2002/275 (Scottish SI) (no date).
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‘BBC Four - House of Surrogates’ (no date). Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03c591s.
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Birk, D. (2009) Human fertilisation and embryology: the new law. Bristol: Family Law.
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Congenital Disabilities (Civil Liability) Act 1976 (no date).
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Gamble, N. and Ghevaert, L. (2009) ‘The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008: Revolution or Evolution?’, Family law, 39(8), pp. 649–776. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://plus.lexis.com/api/permalink/b3a5b9eb-63a5-4493-9fc7-f442e4aeb64c/?context=1001073&identityprofileid=32QDCK57563.
Gamble, N. and Ghevaert, L. (2010) ‘Lesbian Mothers in Dispute: T v B’, Family law, 40(11), pp. 1153–1248. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://plus.lexis.com/api/permalink/9a0344b1-8efc-43a8-b4f4-b97746015621/?context=1001073&identityprofileid=32QDCK57563.
Gamble, N. and Ghevaert, L. (2011) ‘International Surrogacy: Payments, Public Policy and Media Hype’, Family law, 41(5), pp. 445–558. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://plus.lexis.com/api/permalink/22882172-90ad-4b99-ad15-1ea0404ce6c7/?context=1001073&identityprofileid=32QDCK57563.
German woman Annegret Raunigk, 65, has quadruplets - media - BBC News (2015). Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-32857398.
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Harvey Teff (1985) ‘The Action for “Wrongful Life” in England and the United States’, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 34(3), pp. 423–441. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/759304.
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Home - Brilliant Beginnings (no date). Available at: http://www.brilliantbeginnings.co.uk/.
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Horsey, K. (2010) ‘Challenging presumptions: legal parenthood and surrogacy arrangements’, Child and Family Law Quarterly, 22(4), pp. 377–520. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://plus.lexis.com/uk?identityprofileid=32QDCK57563.
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‘House of Commons, Science and Technology Committee (March 2005) “Human Reproductive Technologies and the Law”, 5th Report of Session 2004-05, HC 7-1’ (no date). Available at: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmsctech/7/7i.pdf.
Hugh Lafollette (1980) ‘Licensing Parents’, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 9(2), pp. 182–197. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2265111.
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Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 c. 37 (no date b).
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Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, Strategy and Information Directorate, Web team, (no date b) HFEA - Code of Practice 8. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, 21 Bloomsbury Street, London, WC1B 3HF. Available at: https://www.hfea.gov.uk/code-of-practice/.
Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, Strategy and Information Directorate, Web team, (no date c) HFEA - Code of Practice 8. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, 21 Bloomsbury Street, London, WC1B 3HF. Available at: https://www.hfea.gov.uk/media/2062/2017-10-02-code-of-practice-8th-edition-full-version-11th-revision-final-clean.pdf.
Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, Strategy and Information Directorate, Web team, (no date d) What you can find out about your child’s donor - HFEA. Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority, Finsbury Tower 103-105, Bunhill Row, London, EC1Y 8HF. Available at: http://www.hfea.gov.uk/118.html.
Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Mitochondrial Donation) Regulations 2015/572 (no date).
Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Parental Orders) Regulations 2010/985 (no date a).
Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Parental Orders) Regulations 2010/985 (no date b).
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In the matter of HFEA 2008 (Cases A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H Declaration of Parentage) [2015] EWHC 2602 (Fam) (no date) Family Law Week.
‘In the matter of Z (A Child) - Parental Order and Single’ (no date). Available at: https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/re-z-20160520.pdf.
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‘J v G (Parental Orders) [2013] EWHC 1432 (Fam)’ (2013) Family law reports, 1. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://plus.lexis.com/api/permalink/8405b1cf-33a4-4e80-9d6a-9920d2a35b1b/?context=1001073&identityprofileid=32QDCK57563.
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Jackson, E. (2016b) Medical law: text, cases, and materials. Fourth edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Jackson, E. (2019b) Medical law: text, cases, and materials. 5th edn. [Oxford]: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198825845.001.0001.
Jefferies v BMI Healthcare Ltd - Case Analysis - EWHC 2493 (Fam); [2016] Med. L.R. 656 (Fam Div) (no date).
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Laurie, G.T. et al. (2019a) Mason & McCall Smith’s law & medical ethics. 11th edn. [Oxford]: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198826217.001.0001.
Laurie, G.T. et al. (2019b) Mason & McCall Smith’s law & medical ethics. 11th edn. [Oxford]: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198826217.001.0001.
Laurie, G.T. et al. (2019c) Mason & McCall Smith’s law & medical ethics. 11th edn. [Oxford]: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198826217.001.0001.
Laurie, G.T. et al. (2019d) Mason & McCall Smith’s law & medical ethics. 11th edn. [Oxford]: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198826217.001.0001.
Laurie, G.T. et al. (2019e) Mason & McCall Smith’s law & medical ethics. 11th edn. [Oxford]: Oxford University Press. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198826217.001.0001.
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Lord Slynn of Hadley , Lord Steyn , Lord Hope of Craighead , Lord Clyde and Lord Millett 1999 July 5, 6, 7; Nov. 25(c) Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England & Wales (no date) McFarlane v Tayside Health Board [1999] 3 WLR 1301, *59 McFarlane and Another Respondents v Tayside Health Board Appellants.
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Mason, J. J. (2002) ‘Wrongful Pregnancy, Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Terminology’, Edinburgh Law Review [Preprint]. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=false&handle=hein.journals/edinlr6&id=52.
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Re A (male sterilisation) (Mental Patient: Sterilisation), Also known as: Re A (Medical Treatment: Male Sterilisation) and as Re R-B (A Patient) v Official Solicitor and as Re RB (Male Patient: Sterilisation) [2000] 1 FLR 549 (no date).
Re A (Medical Treatment: Male Sterilisation [2000] 1 FCR 193 (no date).
Re A (medical treatment: male sterilisation) [2000] 53 BMLR 66 (CA) (no date).
Re an adoption application (surrogacy) (1987) All England Law Reports.
Re an adoption application (surrogacy) [1987] 2 All ER 826 (no date) *81 In Re Adoption Application (Payment for Adoption).
Re B (a minor) [1987] 2 W.L.R. 1213 (no date) *199 In Re B. (A Minor) (Wardship: Sterilisation).
Re B (a minor) (wardship: sterilisation) [1987] 2 All ER 206 (HL) (1987).
Re B (a minor) (wardship: sterilisation) [1988] A.C. 199 (no date).
Re B (a minor) (wardship: sterilisation)[1987] 2 W.L.R. 1213 (no date).
Re C [1985] FLR 846 (1985).
Re C (A Child) [2002] EWHC 157 (Fam Div) (no date).
Re D (A Minor) [1976] 2 W.L.R. 279 (17AD) *185 In Re D. (A Minor) (Wardship: Sterilisation).
Re D (a minor) [1976] 1 All ER 326 (1976).
Re D (a minor) [1976] 2 WLR 279 (no date).
Re E (Assisted Reproduction: Parent), also known as: AB v CD, [2013] EWHC 1418 (Fam) official transcript on Westlaw (no date).
Re G (Surrogacy: Foreign Domicile) [2007] EWHC 2814 (Fam) (2007a).
Re G (Surrogacy: Foreign Domicile) [2007] EWHC 2814 (Fam) (2007b).
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Re IJ (a child) [2011] EWHC 921 (Fam) (no date).
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Re R-B (A Patient) v Official Solicitor 1999 WL 1425731 (no date).
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Samiloff, J. (no date) ‘Whose choice?’, The New Law Journal, 157(7296). Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://plus.lexis.com/api/document/collection/uk/id/4R3C-4B00-TWWR-G1CS-00000-00?context=1001073&identityprofileid=32QDCK57563.
Scheiwe, K. (2004) ‘Between autonomy and dependency: minors’ rights to decide on matters of sexuality, reproduction, marriage, and parenthood. Problems and the state of debate - an introduction’, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 18(3), pp. 262–282. Available at: https://signon.thomsonreuters.com/federation/UKF?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gla.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com%2FDocument%2FI29059EC0E71311DA915EF37CAC72F838%2FView%2FFullText.html%3FskipAnonymous%3Dtrue.
Scherpe, J.M. (2012) ‘MEDICALLY ASSISTED PROCREATION: THIS MARGIN NEEDS TO BE APPRECIATED’, The Cambridge Law Journal, 71(02), pp. 276–279. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008197312000463.
Scotland offers free abortions to women from Northern Ireland - BBC News (no date). Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-41879520?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/f16883ee-804f-43cd-8bc3-80d0fed59682/abortion&link_location=live-reporting-story.
Scott, R. (2003) ‘Prenatal Screening, Autonomy and Reasons: The Relationship Between the Law of Abortion and Wrongful Birth’, Medical Law Review, 11(3), pp. 265–325. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/11.3.265.
Scott, R. (2005) ‘Interpreting the disability ground of the Abortion Act’, Cambridge Law Journal, 64(2), pp. 388–412. Available at: https://signon.thomsonreuters.com/federation/UKF?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gla.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com%2FDocument%2FIFB3AF520E72A11DC88EB9BE684C867E2%2FView%2FFullText.html%3FskipAnonymous%3Dtrue.
Scott, R. (2015) ‘Risks, Reasons and Rights: The European Convention on Human Rights and English Abortion Law’, Medical Law Review, pp. 1–33. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwv020.
Scott, R. (no date a) ‘Maternal duties toward the unborn? Soundings from the law of tort’, Medical Law Review, 8. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4K3D-9F80-TWWR-J032&csi=280341&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t.
Scott, R. (no date b) ‘Reconsidering "Wrongful Life” in England after Thirty Years: Legislative Mistakes and Unjustifiable Anomalies’, The Cambridge Law Journal, 72(1), pp. 115–154. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=57YB-5241-DY08-C13P&csi=374818&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t.
Scottish Law Commission (1973) Liability for antenatal injury: report on a reference under section 3(1)(e) of the Law Commissions Act 1965. Edinburgh: H.M.S.O.
Scottish Law Commission (1995) ‘Scottish Law Commission, Report on Incapable Adults, (Scot Law Com No. 151)’. HMSO. Available at: http://www.scotlawcom.gov.uk/files/5013/2758/0994/rep151_1.pdf.
Section 8 Family Law Reform Act 1969 (no date).
Shaw, J. (1990) ‘Sterilisation of Mentally Handicapped People: Judges Rule OK?’, The Modern Law Review, 53(1), pp. 91–106. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1096044.
Sheldon, S. (2015) ‘The regulatory cliff edge between contraception and abortion: the legal and moral significance of implantation’, Journal of Medical Ethics, 41(9), pp. 762–765. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2015-102712.
Sheldon, S. (2016) ‘The Decriminalisation of Abortion: An Argument for Modernisation’, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 36(2), pp. 334–365. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqv026.
Sheldon, S. (no date) ‘Only Skin Deep? The Harm of Being Born a Different Colour to One’s Parents’, Medical Law Review, 19. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=54G3-MJ21-DYJF-025Y&csi=280341&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t.
Sheldon, S., Lee, E. and Macvarish, J. (2015) ‘“Supportive Parenting”, Responsibility and Regulation: The Welfare Assessment under the Reformed Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990)’, The Modern Law Review, 78(3), pp. 461–492. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12124.
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Smith, J.C. and Tausz, D. (2002) ‘Morning-after pill: whether prescription, supply, administration or use of contraceptive pills involving commission of any offences’, Criminal Law Review, pp. 664–666. Available at: https://signon.thomsonreuters.com/federation/UKF?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gla.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com%2FDocument%2FI78EF5EB0E45411DA92358E85EE602D8A%2FView%2FFullText.html%3FskipAnonymous%3Dtrue.
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Sterilisation legal bid withdrawn - BBC News (no date). Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13147612.
Storrow, R. (2012) ‘SH v Austria denies infertile Europeans human rights - BioNews’. Available at: http://www.bionews.org.uk/page_117832.asp.
Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985 c. 49 (no date).
Swift, K. and Robson, M. (2012) ‘Why Doctors Need Not Fear Prosecution for Gender-Related Abortions’, Journal of Criminal Law, 76(4), pp. 348–358. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=false&handle=hein.journals/jcriml76&id=376.
‘Thake and another v Maurice’ (1986) All England Law Reports, 1. Available at: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4CSP-3KT0-TWP1-617C&csi=274668&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t.
‘The Hague, “A preliminary report on the issues arising from international surrogacy arrangements” April 2012.’ (no date). Available at: https://assets.hcch.net/upload/wop/gap2012pd10en.pdf.
‘The Juridical review’ (no date).
‘The New law journal’ (no date).
Thompson v Sheffield Fertility Clinic (QBD) 2000 WL 33148917 (24AD) *1 Patricia Thompson v Sheffield Fertility Clinic.
Thomson, E.A.C. (2005) ‘Nasciturus and Delict—Born Yesterday?’, Scots Law Times, 21, pp. 121–126. Available at: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://login.westlaw.co.uk/maf/wluk/ext/app/document?crumb-action=reset&docguid=ID46496F0E72111DA9D198AF4F85CA028.
Trust A and Another v H (An Adult Patient) [2006] EWHC 1230 (Fam) - Family Law Week (no date).
Turpin v. Sortini :: :: Supreme Court of California Decisions :: California Case Law :: California Law :: US Law :: Justia (no date).
Two health regulators spared axe but face efficiency review | Society | The Guardian (no date). Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/jan/25/two-health-regulators-spared-axe.
‘Udale v Bloomsbury Area Health Authority’ (1983) All England Law Reports, 2. Available at: http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4CSP-3KV0-TWP1-60X8&csi=274668&oc=00240&perma=true&elb=t.
UK aid helps to fund forced sterilisation of India’s poor | World news | The Guardian (no date). Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/15/uk-aid-forced-sterilisation-india.
VO v France application no 53924/00 8 July 2004 (ECHR) (no date).
Walker, Samuel E.P. (2014) ‘Applying the actual/potential person distinction to reproductive torts’, Medical Law International, 14(1–2), pp. 3–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0968533214537288.
Walker, S. E. P. (2014) ‘Potential persons and the welfare of the (potential) child test’, Medical Law International, 14(3), pp. 157–171. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0968533214550117.
Warner, K.A. (no date) ‘Wrongful life goes down down-under’, Law Quarterly Review, 123, pp. 209–212. Available at: https://signon.thomsonreuters.com/federation/UKF?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gla.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com%2FDocument%2FIB7A3BD61CC4611DBB309A63ACD578CE5%2FView%2FFullText.html%3FskipAnonymous%3Dtrue.
Warnock, M. (2002) Making babies: is there a right to have children? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Warnock, M. and Department of Health and Social Security; In Vitro Fertilisation Departmental Committee (no date) ‘Report of the Committee of inquiry into human fertilisation & embryology. Chairman - Dame Mary Warnock.Dept of Health and Social Security; In Vitro Fertilisation Departmental Committee: Report of the Committee of inquiry into human fertilisation & embryology. Chairman - Dame Mary Warnock.’ Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://parlipapers.proquest.com/parlipapers/docview/t70.d75.1983-077555?accountid=14540.
Warren v Care Fertility (Northampton) Ltd [2014] EWHC 602 (Fam (no date).
Watt v Rama [1972] VicRp 40; [1972] VR 353 (14 December 1971) (no date).
‘What is contraception? - Contraception guide - NHS Choices’ (no date). Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception-guide/pages/what-is-contraception.aspx.
Wheat, K. (2001) ‘Best Interests and the Bolam Test’, Nottingham Law Journal, 10(1), pp. 68–74. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/notnghmlj10&collection=journals&id=76.
Wilkinson, S. (2003) ‘The exploitation argument against commercial surrogacy’, Bioethics, 17(2), pp. 169–187. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8519.00331.
Witting, C. (2002) ‘Physical Damage in Negligence’, Cambridge Law Journal [Preprint]. Available at: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=false&handle=hein.journals/camblj61&id=205.
X v St Bartholomew’s Hospital Centre for Reproductive Medicine [2015] EWFC 13; [2015] (no date).
Yearworth v North Bristol NHS Trust [2009] EWCA Civ 37, [2009] 3 WLR 118 (CA) (no date).