1.
Tewksbury, David & Rittenberg, Jason. News on the internet: information and citizenship in the 21st century. vol. Oxford studies in digital politics (Oxford University Press, 2012).
2.
Howard, Philip N., Hussain, Muzammil M., & Oxford University Press. Democracy’s fourth wave?: digital media and the Arab Spring. vol. Series: Oxford studies in digital politics (Oxford University Press, 2013).
3.
Chadwick, Andrew, Howard, Philip N., & Dawson Books. Routledge handbook of internet politics. (Routledge, 2010).
4.
Hindman, Matthew Scott. The myth of digital democracy. (Princeton University Press, 2009).
5.
Howard, Philip N. & Oxford University Press. The digital origins of dictatorship and democracy: information technology and political Islam. vol. Series: Oxford studies in digital politics (Oxford University Press, 2010).
6.
Chadwick, A. & Oxford University Press. The hybrid media system: politics and power. vol. Oxford studies in digital politics (Oxford University Press, 2013).
7.
Curran, James, Fenton, Natalie, & Freedman, Des. Misunderstanding the Internet. vol. Series: Communication and society (Routledge, 2012).
8.
Karpf, David. The MoveOn effect: the unexpected transformation of American political advocacy. vol. Series: Oxford studies in digital politics (Oxford University Press, 2012).
9.
Papacharissi, Zizi. A private sphere: democracy in a digital age. vol. Digital media and society (Polity, 2010).
10.
Seib, Philip M. & Janbek, Dana M. Global terrorism and new media: the post Al-Qaeda generation. vol. Series: Media, war and security (Routledge, 2011).
11.
Gainous, Jason & Wagner, Kevin M. Rebooting American politics: the Internet revolution. (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2011).
12.
Farrell, H. The Consequences of the Internet for Politics. Annual Review of Political Science 15, 35–52 (2012).
13.
Edwards, Michael. The Oxford handbook of civil society. (Oxford University Press, 2011).
14.
Chadwick, Andrew, Howard, Philip N., & Dawson Books. Routledge handbook of internet politics. (Routledge, 2010).
15.
Edwards, Michael. The Oxford handbook of civil society. (Oxford University Press, 2011).
16.
Benson, R., Blach-Ørsten, M., Powers, M., Willig, I. & Zambrano, S. V. Media Systems Online and Off: Comparing the Form of News in the United States, Denmark, and France. Journal of Communication 62, 21–38 (2012).
17.
Tewksbury, David & Rittenberg, Jason. News on the internet: information and citizenship in the 21st century. vol. Oxford studies in digital politics (Oxford University Press, 2012).
18.
Shapiro, Robert Y. & Jacobs, Lawrence R. The Oxford handbook of American public opinion and the media. vol. The Oxford handbooks of American politics (Oxford University Press, 2011).
19.
Chadwick, Andrew, Howard, Philip N., & Dawson Books. Routledge handbook of internet politics. (Routledge, 2010).
20.
Lee, A. M., Lewis, S. C. & Powers, M. Audience Clicks and News Placement: A Study of Time-Lagged Influence in Online Journalism. Communication Research (2012) doi:10.1177/0093650212467031.
21.
Anderson, C. Between creative and quantified audiences: Web metrics and changing patterns of newswork in local US newsrooms. Journalism 12, 550–566 (2011).
22.
Harrison, J. User-Generated Content and Gatekeeping at the BBC Hub. Journalism Studies 11, 243–256 (2010).
23.
Gaskins, B. & Jerit, J. Internet News: Is It a Replacement for Traditional Media Outlets? The International Journal of Press/Politics 17, 190–213 (2012).
24.
Robinson, S. Convergence Crises: News Work and News Space in the Digitally Transforming Newsroom. Journal of Communication 61, 1122–1141 (2011).
25.
Humprecht, E. & Buchel, F. More of the Same or Marketplace of Opinions? A Cross-National Comparison of Diversity in Online News Reporting. The International Journal of Press/Politics 18, 436–461 (2013).
26.
M. M. Hussain. Journalism’s digital disconnect: The growth of campaign content and entertainment gatekeepers in viral political information. Journalism 13, 1024–1040 (2012).
27.
Küng-Shankleman, Lucy, Picard, Robert G., & Towse, Ruth. The internet and the mass media. (SAGE, 2008).
28.
Boczkowski, P. J., Mitchelstein, E. & Walter, M. Convergence Across Divergence: Understanding the Gap in the Online News Choices of Journalists and Consumers in Western Europe and Latin America. Communication Research 38, 376–396 (2011).
29.
Shapiro, Robert Y. & Jacobs, Lawrence R. The Oxford handbook of American public opinion and the media. vol. The Oxford handbooks of American politics (Oxford University Press, 2011).
30.
Chadwick, Andrew, Howard, Philip N., & Dawson Books. Routledge handbook of internet politics. (Routledge, 2010).
31.
Boulianne, S. Does Internet Use Affect Engagement? A Meta-Analysis of Research. Political Communication 26, 193–211 (2009).
32.
Swigger, N. The Online Citizen: Is Social Media Changing Citizens’ Beliefs About Democratic Values? Political Behavior 35, 589–603 (2013).
33.
Bailard, C. S. A Field Experiment on the Internet’s Effect in an African Election: Savvier Citizens, Disaffected Voters, or Both? Journal of Communication 62, 330–344 (2012).
34.
Norris, Pippa. Digital divide: civic engagement, information poverty and the Internet worldwide. vol. Communication, society and politics (Cambridge University Press, 2001).
35.
Chadwick, Andrew, Howard, Philip N., & Dawson Books. Routledge handbook of internet politics. (Routledge, 2010).
36.
Valenzuela, S., Park, N. & Kee, K. F. Is There Social Capital in a Social Network Site?: Facebook Use and College Students’ Life Satisfaction, Trust, and Participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 14, 875–901 (2009).
37.
Dimitrova, D. V., Shehata, A., Stromback, J. & Nord, L. W. The Effects of Digital Media on Political Knowledge and Participation in Election Campaigns: Evidence From Panel Data. Communication Research 41, 95–118 (2014).
38.
Hampton, K. N. Internet Use and the Concentration of Disadvantage: Glocalization and the Urban Underclass. American Behavioral Scientist 53, 1111–1132 (2010).
39.
Lee, E.-J. & Oh, S. Y. Seek and You Shall Find? How Need for Orientation Moderates Knowledge Gain from Twitter Use. Journal of Communication 63, 745–765 (2013).
40.
Bode, L. Facebooking It to the Polls: A Study in Online Social Networking and Political Behavior. Journal of Information Technology & Politics 9, 352–369 (2012).
41.
Vaccari, C. From echo chamber to persuasive device? Rethinking the role of the Internet in campaigns. New Media & Society 15, 109–127 (2013).
42.
Coleman, Stephen & Blumler, Jay G. The Internet and democratic citizenship: theory, practice and policy. vol. Communication, society, and politics (Cambridge University Press, 2009).
43.
Using Twitter to Mobilise Protest Action: Transnational Online Mobilisation Patterns and Action Repertoires in the Occupy Wall Street, Indignados and Aganaktismenoi Movements.
44.
Thorson, K., Ekdale, B., Borah, P., Namkoong, K. & Shah, C. Youtube and Proposition 8. Information, Communication & Society 13, 325–349 (2010).
45.
Enjolras, B., Steen-Johnsen, K. & Wollebaek, D. Social media and mobilization to offline demonstrations: Transcending participatory divides? New Media & Society 15, 890–908 (2013).
46.
Lance Bennett, W., Breunig, C. & Givens, T. Communication and Political Mobilization: Digital Media and the Organization of Anti-Iraq War Demonstrations in the U.S. Political Communication 25, 269–289 (2008).
47.
Bond, R. M. et al. A 61-million-person experiment in social influence and political mobilization. Nature 489, 295–298 (2012).
48.
Valenzuela, S., Arriagada, A. & Scherman, A. The Social Media Basis of Youth Protest Behavior: The Case of Chile. Journal of Communication 62, 299–314 (2012).
49.
Kenski, K. & Stroud, N. J. Connections Between Internet Use and Political Efficacy, Knowledge, and Participation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 50, 173–192 (2006).
50.
DiGrazia, J., McKelvey, K., Bollen, J. & Rojas, F. More Tweets, More Votes: Social Media as a Quantitative Indicator of Political Behavior. SSRN Electronic Journal (2013) doi:10.2139/ssrn.2235423.
51.
Rojas, H. & Puig-i-Abril, E. Mobilizers Mobilized: Information, Expression, Mobilization and Participation in the Digital Age. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 14, 902–927 (2009).
52.
Xenos, M. & Moy, P. Direct and Differential Effects of the Internet on Political and Civic Engagement. Journal of Communication 57, 704–718 (2007).
53.
Baum, M. A. & Groeling, T. New Media and the Polarization of American Political Discourse. Political Communication 25, 345–365 (2008).
54.
Borah, P. Does It Matter Where You Read the News Story? Interaction of Incivility and News Frames in the Political Blogosphere. Communication Research (2012) doi:10.1177/0093650212449353.
55.
Lawrence, E., Sides, J. & Farrell, H. Self-Segregation or Deliberation? Blog Readership, Participation, and Polarization in American Politics. Perspectives on Politics 8, (2010).
56.
Wojcieszak, M. "Carrying Online Participation Offline”-Mobilization by Radical Online Groups and Politically Dissimilar Offline Ties. Journal of Communication 59, 564–586 (2009).
57.
Åström, J. & Karlsson, M. Blogging in the Shadow of Parties: Exploring Ideological Differences in Online Campaigning. Political Communication 30, 434–455 (2013).
58.
Shaw, A. & Benkler, Y. A Tale of Two Blogospheres: Discursive Practices on the Left and Right. American Behavioral Scientist 56, 459–487 (2012).
59.
Howard, Philip N., Hussain, Muzammil M., & Oxford University Press. Democracy’s fourth wave?: digital media and the Arab Spring. vol. Oxford studies in digital politics (Oxford University Press, 2013).
60.
Tufekci, Z. & Wilson, C. Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations From Tahrir Square. Journal of Communication 62, 363–379 (2012).
61.
Hamdy, N. & Gomaa, E. H. Framing the Egyptian Uprising in Arabic Language Newspapers and Social Media. Journal of Communication 62, 195–211 (2012).
62.
Hassanpour, N. Media Disruption Exacerbates Revolutionary Unrest: Evidence from Mubarak’s Natural Experiment (APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper). (2011).
63.
Youmans, W. L. & York, J. C. Social Media and the Activist Toolkit: User Agreements, Corporate Interests, and the Information Infrastructure of Modern Social Movements. Journal of Communication 62, 315–329 (2012).
64.
Howard, Philip N., Hussain, Muzammil M., & Oxford University Press. Democracy’s fourth wave?: digital media and the Arab Spring. vol. Oxford studies in digital politics (Oxford University Press, 2013).
65.
Howard, P. N. & Parks, M. R. Social Media and Political Change: Capacity, Constraint, and Consequence. Journal of Communication 62, 359–362 (2012).
66.
Howard, P. N., Agarwal, S. D. & Hussain, M. M. When Do States Disconnect Their Digital Networks? Regime Responses to the Political Uses of Social Media. The Communication Review 14, 216–232 (2011).
67.
Reuter, O. J. J. & Szakonyi, D. Online Social Media and Political Awareness in Autocratic Regimes. SSRN Electronic Journal (2012) doi:10.2139/ssrn.2148690.
68.
Pearce, K. E. & Kendzior, S. Networked Authoritarianism and Social Media in Azerbaijan. Journal of Communication 62, 283–298 (2012).
69.
KING, G., PAN, J. & ROBERTS, M. E. How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression. American Political Science Review 107, 326–343 (2013).
70.
Lei, Y.-W. The Political Consequences of the Rise of the Internet: Political Beliefs and Practices of Chinese Netizens. Political Communication 28, 291–322 (2011).
71.
Chadwick, Andrew, Howard, Philip N., & Dawson Books. Routledge handbook of internet politics. (Routledge, 2010).
72.
Cain, G. Kill One to Warn One Hundred: The Politics of Press Censorship in Vietnam. The International Journal of Press/Politics 19, 85–107 (2014).
73.
Hassid, J. Safety Valve or Pressure Cooker? Blogs in Chinese Political Life. Journal of Communication 62, 212–230 (2012).
74.
Yuan, E. J., Feng, M. & Danowski, J. A. "Privacy” in Semantic Networks on Chinese Social Media: The Case of Sina Weibo. Journal of Communication 63, 1011–1031 (2013).
75.
Blogs and Bullets: New Media in Contentious Politics.
76.
Blogs and Bullets II: New Media and Conflict After the Arab Spring.
77.
USIP – Social Media Reporting and the Syrian Civil War. http://www.responsibilitytoprotect.org/index.php/crises/191-the-crisis-in-syria/4876-usip-social-media-reporting-and-the-syrian-civil-war.
78.
Conflict Dynamics and Public Communication: Evidence from the 2012 Gaza Conflict.
79.
Qin, J., Zhou, Y., Reid, E., Lai, G. & Chen, H. Analyzing terror campaigns on the internet: Technical sophistication, content richness, and Web interactivity. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 65, 71–84 (2007).
80.
Terrorism Coverage and the Fear of Terrorism by Aaron M. Hoffman, Chris Kowal, Jose Kaire de Francisco :: SSRN. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2301112.
81.
Papacharissi, Z. & de Fatima Oliveira, M. News Frames Terrorism: A Comparative Analysis of Frames Employed in Terrorism Coverage in U.S. and U.K. Newspapers. The International Journal of Press/Politics 13, 52–74 (2008).
82.
GILBOA, E. The CNN Effect: The Search for a Communication Theory of International Relations. Political Communication 22, 27–44 (2005).
83.
Weimann, Gabriel. Terror on the Internet: the new arena, the new challenges. (United States Institute of Peace Press, 2006).
84.
Norris, Pippa, Kern, Montague, Just, Marion R., & Ebooks Corporation Limited. Framing terrorism: the news media, the government and the public. (Routledge, 2003).
85.
Zeitzoff, T. Using Social Media to Measure Conflict Dynamics: An Application to the 2008-2009 Gaza Conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution 55, 938–969 (2011).
86.
James, D. Social Networking Sarajevo Roses: Digital Representations of Postconflict Civil Life in (the Former) Yugoslavia. Journal of Communication 63, 975–992 (2013).
87.
Reveron, Derek S. & Ebooks Corporation Limited. Cyberspace and national security: threats, opportunities, and power in a virtual world. (Georgetown University Press, 2012).
88.
The Fog of Cyberwar. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138443/brandon-valeriano-and-ryan-maness/the-fog-of-cyberwar?page=show.
89.
Gartzke, E. The Myth of Cyberwar: Bringing War in Cyberspace Back Down to Earth. International Security 38, 41–73 (2013).
90.
Rid, T. Cyber War Will Not Take Place. Journal of Strategic Studies 35, 5–32 (2012).
91.
Stone, J. Cyber War Take Place! Journal of Strategic Studies 36, 101–108 (2013).
92.
Choucri, Nazli. Cyberpolitics in international relations. (MIT Press, 2012).
93.
Clarke, Richard A. (Richard Alan), 1951-. Cyber war: the next threat to national security and what to do about it, Clarke: Robert K. Knake. (Ecco, 2012).
94.
Dipert, R. R. The Ethics of Cyberwarfare. Journal of Military Ethics 9, 384–410 (2010).
95.
Eberle, C. J. JUST WAR AND CYBERWAR. Journal of Military Ethics 12, 54–67 (2013).
96.
Chadwick, Andrew, Howard, Philip N., & Dawson Books. Routledge handbook of internet politics. (Routledge, 2010).
97.
Bennett, W. L. & Iyengar, S. A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication. Journal of Communication 58, 707–731 (2008).
98.
Holbert, R. L., Garrett, R. K. & Gleason, L. S. A New Era of Minimal Effects? A Response to Bennett and Iyengar. Journal of Communication 60, 15–34 (2010).
99.
Bennett, W. L. & Iyengar, S. The Shifting Foundations of Political Communication: Responding to a Defense of the Media Effects Paradigm. Journal of Communication 60, 35–39 (2010).
100.
Shapiro, Robert Y. & Jacobs, Lawrence R. The Oxford handbook of American public opinion and the media. vol. The Oxford handbooks of American politics (Oxford University Press, 2011).
