1.
Foster SM, Ebooks Corporation Limited. Picts, Gaels and Scots: early historic Scotland [Internet]. New edition. Edinburgh: Birlinn; 2014. Available from: http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1692164
2.
Driscoll ST. Alba: the Gaelic kingdom of Scotland, AD 800-1124. Edinburgh: Birlinn; 2002.
3.
Carver MOH, Historic Scotland. Surviving in symbols: a visit to the Pictish nation. [Newly updated ed.]. Vol. Making of Scotland. Edinburgh: Birlinn Ltd. with Historic Scotland; 2005.
4.
Dawson Books. Scotland: a history [Internet]. Wormald J, editor. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780191518683
5.
Nicoll EH, Burt JRF. A Pictish panorama: the story of the Picts. and, A Pictish bibliography. Angus: Pinkfoot Press; 1995.
6.
Driscoll ST, Geddes J, Hall MA, Dawson Books. Pictish progress: new studies on northern Britain in the Middle Ages [Internet]. Vol. The northern world. Leiden: Brill; 2011. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9789004188013
7.
Clarke DV, Blackwell AE, Goldberg M, National Museums of Scotland. Early Medieval Scotland: individuals, communities and ideas. Edinburgh: NMS Enterprises Limited - Publishing; 2012.
8.
The Scottish Archaeological Research Framework [Internet]. Available from: http://www.scottishheritagehub.com/
9.
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Available from: https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/psas/volumes.cfm
10.
Alcock L, Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Kings and warriors, craftsmen and priests in Northern Britain AD 550-850. Vol. Monograph series / Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland; 2003.
11.
Alcock L. Economy, society and warfare among the Britons and Saxons. Cardiff: University of Wales Press; 1987.
12.
Alcock L, Groam House Museum Trust. The neighbours of the Picts: Angles, Britons & Scots at war and at home. [Rosemarkie]: Groam House Museum Trust; 1993.
13.
Alcock L, Alcock EA, Driscoll ST. Reconnaissance excavations on Early Historic fortifications and other royal sites in Scotland, 1974-84: 3, Excavations at Dunddurn, Strathearn, Perthshire, 1976-77. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland [Internet]. 1989;119. Available from: https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_119/119_189_226.pdf
14.
Amory P. People and identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489-554. Vol. Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1997.
15.
Anderson AO, Anderson M. Early sources of Scottish history, A.D. 500 to 1286. Stamford: Paul Watkins; 1990.
16.
Anderson MO. Kings and kingship in early Scotland. [New ed.]. Edinburgh: John Donald; 2011.
17.
Karkov CE, Farrell RT. Studies in insular art and archaeology. Vol. American early medieval studies. Oxford, Ohio: American Early Medieval Studies and the Miami University School of Fine Arts; 1991.
18.
Byrne FJ. Irish kings and high-kings. 2nd ed. Vol. Four courts history classics. Dublin: Four Courts Press; 2001.
19.
Carver M. An Iona of the East: The Early-medieval Monastery at Portmahomack, Tarbat Ness. Medieval Archaeology. 2004 Jan;48(1):1–30.
20.
Carver MOH. Portmahomack: monastery of the Picts [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2008. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748624416.001.0001
21.
Carver M, Downes J, Barrett J. Pitcarmick Excavations 1993-5 [Internet]. 2013. Available from: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/pitcarmick_hs_2013/downloads.cfm
22.
Clancy TO, Markus G. Iona: the earliest poetry of a Celtic monastery. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1995.
23.
Clancy TO. The triumph tree: Scotland’s earliest poetry, 550-1350. Edinburgh: Canongate; 1998.
24.
Clarke DV. Reading the Multiple Lives of Pictish Symbol Stones. Medieval Archaeology. 2007 Nov;51(1):19–39.
25.
Crawford BE. Scandinavian Scotland. Vol. Studies in the early history of Britain. [Leicester]: Leicester University Press; 1987.
26.
Crawford BE. Scotland in Dark Age Europe: the proceedings of a day conference held on 20 February 1993. Vol. St. John’s House papers. St. Andrews: The Committee for Dark Age Studies, University of St Andrews; 1994.
27.
Crawford BE. Scandinavian settlement in northern Britain: thirteen studies of place-names in their historical context. Vol. Studies in the early history of Britain. London: Leicester University Press; 1995.
28.
Crawford BE. Scotland in dark age Britain: the proceedings of a day conference held on 18 February 1995. Vol. St. John’s House papers. Aberdeen: Scottish Cultural Press; 1996.
29.
Edwards N, Lane A. The early church in Wales and the west: recent work in early Christian archaeology, history and place-names. Vol. Oxbow monograph. Oxford: Oxbow; 1992.
30.
Davies W, Oxford University Press. Patterns of power in early Wales: O’Donnell lectures, delivered in the University of Oxford, 1983 [Internet]. Oxford: Clarendon; 1990. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201533.001.0001
31.
Downes J, Ritchie A. Sea change: Orkney and Northern Europe in the later Iron Age AD 300-800. Balgavies: Pinkfoot; 2003.
32.
Driscoll ST, Nieke MR. Power and politics in early Medieval Britain and Ireland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1988.
33.
Hanson WS, Slater EA. Scottish archaeology: new perceptions. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press; 1991.
34.
Driscoll ST. Picts and prehistory: Cultural resource management in early medieval Scotland. World Archaeology. 1998 Jun;30(1):142–58.
35.
Frazer WO, Tyrrell A, Dawson Books. Social identity in early Medieval Britain [Internet]. Vol. Studies in the early history of Britain. London: Leicester University Press; 2000. Available from: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781441195029
36.
Dumville DN, Whithorn Trust. Friends. The churches of North Britain in the first Viking-Age. Vol. Whithorn lecture. Whithorn: Friends of the Whithorn Trust; 1997.
37.
Duncan AAM. Scotland: the making of the Kingdom. Vol. The Edinburgh history of Scotland. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; 1978.
38.
Forsyth K. Language in Pictland: the case against ‘non-Indo-European Pictish’ [Internet]. Vol. Studia Hameliana. Utrecht: De Keltiche Draak; 1997. Available from: https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/archive/00002081/
39.
Forsyth K. Literacy in Pictland. In: Literacy in medieval Celtic societies [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1998. p. 39–61. Available from: https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/2461/
40.
Foster SM, Historic Scotland, Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. The St Andrews sarcophagus: a Pictish masterpiece and its international connections. Dublin: Four Courts; 1998.
41.
Henry D, Henderson I. The worm, the germ and the thorn: Pictish and related studies presented to Isabel Henderson. Balgavies: Pinkfoot Press; 1997.
42.
Friell JGP, Watson WG. Pictish studies: settlement, burial and art in Dark Age Northern Britain. Vol. BAR British series. Oxford: B.A.R.; 1984.
43.
Grant A, Stringer KJ, Barrow GWS, NetLibrary, Inc. Medieval Scotland: crown, lordship and community [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1993. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=9185&site=ehost-live
44.
Henderson I. The Picts. Vol. Ancient peoples and places. London: Thames and Hudson; 1967.
45.
Henderson G, Henderson I. The art of the Picts: sculpture and metalwork in early medieval Scotland. London: Thames & Hudson; 2004.
46.
Henry D, Henderson I. The worm, the germ and the thorn: Pictish and related studies presented to Isabel Henderson. Balgavies: Pinkfoot Press; 1997.
47.
Herbert M. Iona, Kells, and Derry: the history and hagiography of the monastic familia of Columba. 1st pbk. ed. Blackrock, Co. Dublin: Four Courts Press; 1996.
48.
Henry D, Henderson I. The worm, the germ and the thorn: Pictish and related studies presented to Isabel Henderson. Balgavies: Pinkfoot Press; 1997.
49.
Hudson BT. Kings of Celtic Scotland. Vol. Contributions to the study of world history. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press; 1994.
50.
Jackson KH. The Gaelic notes in the Book of Deer. Vol. Osborn Bergin memorial lecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1972.
51.
Henry D, Henderson I. The worm, the germ and the thorn: Pictish and related studies presented to Isabel Henderson. Balgavies: Pinkfoot Press; 1997.
52.
McNeill PGB, Nicholson R. An historical atlas of Scotland, c. 400-c. 1600. St. Andrews: Atlas Committee of the Conference of Scottish Medievalists; 1975.
53.
Blair J, Sharpe R. Pastoral care before the parish. Vol. Studies in the early history of Britain. Leicester: Leicester University Press; 1992.
54.
Menzies G. Who are the Scots?: and The Scottish nation. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2002.
55.
Menzies G, Smout TC, NetLibrary, Inc. In search of Scotland [Internet]. Edinburgh: Polygon at Edinburgh; 2001. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=80967&site=ehost-live
56.
Morris CD. Church and monastery in the far North: an archaeological evaluation. Vol. Jarrow lecture. [S.l.]: [s.n.]; 1989.
57.
Nicolaisen WFH. Scottish place-names: their study and significance. Edinburgh: John Donald; 2001.
58.
Henry D, Henderson I. The worm, the germ and the thorn: Pictish and related studies presented to Isabel Henderson. Balgavies: Pinkfoot Press; 1997.
59.
Ritchie A. Excavation of Pictish and Viking-age farmsteads at Buckquoy, Orkney. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland [Internet]. 1977;108:174–227. Available from: https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_108/108_174_227.pdf
60.
Ritchie A, Historic Buildings and Monuments Directorate. Picts: an introduction to the life of the Picts and the carved stones in the care of Historic Scotland. Edinburgh: H.M.S.O.; 1989.
61.
Ritchie A. Govan and its early medieval sculpture. Stroud: Alan Sutton Publishing Limited; 1994.
62.
Downes J, Ritchie A. Sea change: Orkney and Northern Europe in the later Iron Age AD 300-800. Balgavies: Pinkfoot; 2003.
63.
Ritchie A, Breeze DJ. Invaders of Scotland: an introduction to the archaeology of the Romans, Scots, Angles and Vikings, highlighting the monuments in the care of the Secretary of State for Scotland. Vol. Historic Buildings and Monuments (Scottish Development Department). Edinburgh: HMSO; 1991.
64.
Small A. The Picts: a new look at old problems. Dundee: University of Dundee; 1987.
65.
Smyth AP. Warlords and holy men: Scotland, A.D. 80-1000. Vol. The new history of Scotland. London: E. Arnold; 1984.
66.
Thomas C. The early Christian archaeology of North Britain: the Hunter Marshall lectures delivered at the University of Glasgow in January and February 1968. Vol. The Hunter Marshall lectures. London: Oxford University Press for the University of Glasgow; 1971.
67.
Wainwright FT. The problem of the Picts. Perth: Melven Press; 1980.
68.
Wainwright FT. The Souterrains of Southern Pictland. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; 1963.
69.
Watson WJ. The history of the Celtic place-names of Scotland [Internet]. Burlington: TannerRitchie Publishing under license from Birlinn Ltd; 2021. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://scotlandshistoryonline.com/browser.php?item_id=47
70.
Downes J, Ritchie A. Sea change: Orkney and Northern Europe in the later Iron Age AD 300-800. Balgavies: Pinkfoot; 2003.
71.
Allen JR, Anderson J. The early Christian monuments of Scotland: a classified, illustrated, descriptive list of the monuments with an analysis of their symbolism and ornamentation. Vol. The Rhind lectures in archaeology. Edinburgh: Printed for the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland by Neill; 1903.
72.
Henderson G, Henderson I. The art of the Picts: sculpture and metalwork in early medieval Scotland. London: Thames & Hudson; 2004.
73.
Foster SM, Cross M, Historic Scotland, Society for Medieval Archaeology, National Committee on Carved Stones in Scotland, Able Minds and Practised Hands Seminar. Able minds and practised hands: Scotland’s early medieval sculpture in the twenty-first century. Vol. Monograph series (Society for Medieval Archaeology). [Scotland]: Historic Scotland; 2005.
74.
Lynch M. The Oxford companion to Scottish history [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199234820.001.0001/acref-9780199234820?rskey=KKTm8Z&result=1&q=Oxford%20companion%20to%20Scottish%20history
75.
Henry D, Henderson I. The worm, the germ and the thorn: Pictish and related studies presented to Isabel Henderson [Internet]. Balgavies: Pinkfoot Press; 1997. Available from: https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/3447/
76.
Taylor S, Anderson MO. Kings, clerics and chronicles in Scotland, 500-1297: essays in honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the occasion of her ninetieth birthday. Vol. Medieval studies. Dublin: Four Courts Press; 2000.
77.
Fraser I, Ritchie G, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Pictish symbol stones: an illustrated gazetteer. Edinburgh: RCAHMS; 1999.
78.
Downes J, Ritchie A. Sea change: Orkney and Northern Europe in the later Iron Age AD 300-800. Balgavies: Pinkfoot; 2003.
79.
Youngs S, Craddock PT. ‘The work of angels’: masterpieces of Celtic metalwork, 6th-9th centuries AD. London: British Museum Publications; 1989.
80.
Forsyth K. Language in Pictland: the case against ‘non-Indo-European Pictish’ [Internet]. Vol. Studia Hameliana. Utrecht: De Keltiche Draak; 1997. Available from: https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/archive/00002081/
81.
Lynch M, Oxford University Press. The Oxford companion to Scottish history [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199234820.001.0001/acref-9780199234820?rskey=KKTm8Z&result=1&q=Oxford%20companion%20to%20Scottish%20history
82.
Price G. An encyclopedia of the languages of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers; 1998.
83.
Nicoll EH, Burt JRF. A Pictish panorama: the story of the Picts. and, A Pictish bibliography. Angus: Pinkfoot Press; 1995.
84.
Wainwright FT. The problem of the Picts [Internet]. Perth: Melven Press; 1980. Available from: http://content.talisaspire.com/glasgow/bundles/568cdccee7ebb60218000020
85.
Henry D, Henderson I. The worm, the germ and the thorn: Pictish and related studies presented to Isabel Henderson. Balgavies: Pinkfoot Press; 1997.
86.
Nicolaisen WFH, Groam House Museum Trust. The Picts and their place names. Rosemarkie: Groam House Museum Trust; 1996.
87.
Downes J, Ritchie A. Sea change: Orkney and Northern Europe in the later Iron Age AD 300-800. Balgavies: Pinkfoot; 2003.
88.
Cowan EJ. The Scottish Chronicle in the Poppleton Manuscript. Innes Review. 1981 Jan;32(1):3–21.
89.
Broun D, Clancy TO. Spes Scotorum =: Hope of Scots : Saint Columba, Iona and Scotland. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark; 1999.
90.
Mac Airt S, Mac Niocaill G. The Annals of Ulster (to A.D. 1131). [Dublin]: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies; 1983.
91.
Stokes W, Tigernach. The annals of Tigernach. Felinfach, Lampeter, Dyfed [Wales]: Llanerch Publishers; 1993.
92.
Anderson AO, Anderson M. Early sources of Scottish history, A.D. 500 to 1286. Stamford: Paul Watkins; 1990.
93.
Hughes K. Early Christian Ireland: introduction to the sources. Vol. The sources of history, studies in the uses of historical evidence. London: Sources of History Ltd; 1972.
94.
Mac Niocaill G, Dublin Historical Association. The medieval Irish annals. Vol. Medieval Irish history series. Dublin: Dublin Historical Association; 1975.
95.
Grabowski K, Dumville DN. Chronicles and annals of medieval Ireland and Wales: the Clonmacnoise-group texts. Vol. Studies in Celtic history. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press; 1984.
96.
Anderson AO. Scottish annals from English chroniclers: A. D.500 to 1286. London: David Nutt; 1908.
97.
Anderson MO. Kings and kingship in early Scotland. [New ed.]. Edinburgh: John Donald; 2011.
98.
Foster SM, Historic Scotland, Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. The St Andrews sarcophagus: a Pictish masterpiece and its international connections. Dublin: Four Courts; 1998.
99.
Sawyer PH, Wood IN. Early medieval kingship. Leeds (c/o School of History, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT): The editors; 1977.
100.
Nicoll EH, Burt JRF. A Pictish panorama: the story of the Picts. and, A Pictish bibliography. Angus: Pinkfoot Press; 1995.
101.
Broun D. Scottish independence and the idea of Britain: from the Picts to Alexander III [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2007. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748623600.001.0001
102.
Woolf A. Pictish matriliny reconsidered. Innes Review. 1998 Jan;49(2):147–67.
103.
Jackson KH. The Gaelic notes in the Book of Deer. Vol. Osborn Bergin memorial lecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1972.
104.
Barrow GWS. The kingdom of the Scots: government, Church and society from the eleventh to the fourteenth century. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2003.
105.
Kelly F. A guide to early Irish law. Vol. Early Irish law series. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies; 1988.
106.
Hughes K. Early Christian Ireland: introduction to the sources. Vol. The sources of history, studies in the uses of historical evidence. London: Sources of History Ltd; 1972.
107.
Owen DH. Settlement and society in Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press; 1989.
108.
Sawyer PH. Medieval settlement: continuity and change. London: Edward Arnold; 1976.
109.
Barrow GWS. The kingdom of the Scots: government, Church and society from the eleventh to the fourteenth century. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2003.
110.
Charles-Edwards TM, Oxford University Press. Early Irish and Welsh kinship [Internet]. Oxford: Clarendon; 1993. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198201038.001.0001
111.
Broun D, University of Cambridge. Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse & Celtic. The charters of Gaelic Scotland and Ireland in the early and central Middle Ages. Vol. E. C. Quiggin memorial lectures. Cambridge: Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse & Celtic, University of Cambridge; 1995.
112.
McKitterick R, Dumville DN, Hughes K, Whitelock D. Ireland in early mediaeval Europe: studies in memory of Kathleen Hughes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1982.
113.
Herbert M. Iona, Kells, and Derry: the history and hagiography of the monastic familia of Columba. 1st pbk. ed. Blackrock, Co. Dublin: Four Courts Press; 1996.
114.
O’Mahony F, Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). The Book of Kells: proceedings of a conference at Trinity College Dublin, 6-9 September 1992. Aldershot, Hants: Published for Trinity College Library by Scolar Press; 1994.
115.
Jackson KH. The Gaelic notes in the Book of Deer. Vol. Osborn Bergin memorial lecture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1972.
116.
Alcock L. Economy, society and warfare among the Britons and Saxons. Cardiff: University of Wales Press; 1987.
117.
Foster SM, Macinnes AI, MacInnes R. Scottish power centres: from the early Middle Ages to the twentieth century. Vol. University of Glasgow Postgraduate School of Scottish Studies. Glasgow: Cruithne Press; 1998.
118.
Hanson WS, Slater EA. Scottish archaeology: new perceptions. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press; 1991.
119.
Driscoll ST. Picts and prehistory: cultural resource management in early medieval Scotland. World Archaeology [Internet]. 1998;30(1):142–58. Available from: https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/2981/
120.
Jones, Glanville R J. Multiple estates perceived. Journal of Historical Geography [Internet]. 11(4). Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1300170427?accountid=14540
121.
Amory P. People and identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489-554. Vol. Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1997.
122.
Frazer WO, Tyrrell A, Dawson Books. Social identity in early Medieval Britain [Internet]. Vol. Studies in the early history of Britain. London: Leicester University Press; 2000. Available from: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781441195029
123.
Hines J, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Social Stress. The Anglo-Saxons from the migration period to the eighth century: an ethnographic perspective. Vol. Studies in historical archaeoethnology. Woodbridge: Boydell Press; 1997.
124.
Pohl W, Reimitz H. Strategies of distinction: the construction of the ethnic communities, 300-800. Vol. The transformation of the Roman world. Leiden: Brill; 1998.
125.
Wolfram H. Origo et religio. Ethnic traditions and literature in early medieval texts. Early Medieval Europe. 2007 Jan 30;3(1):19–38.
126.
Bartlett R. The making of Europe: conquest, colonization and cultural change 950-1350. London: Penguin Books; 1994.
127.
Barth F, Universitetet i Bergen. Ethnic groups and boundaries: the social organization of culture difference. Prospect Heights, Ill: Waveland Press, inc; 1998.
128.
Cohen AP, Ebooks Corporation Limited. The symbolic construction of community [Internet]. Vol. Key ideas. Chichester: Ellis Horwood; 1985. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=178361
129.
Comaroff JL, Comaroff J. Ethnography and the historical imagination. Vol. Studies in the ethnographic imagination. Boulder: Westview Press; 1992.
130.
Jenkins, Richard. Ethnicity etcetera: Social anthropological points of view. Ethnic & Racial Studies [Internet]. 19(4). Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=9703241812&site=ehost-live
131.
Smith AD. The ethnic origins of nations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell; 1988.
132.
Ingold T. Companion encyclopedia of anthropology [Internet]. [2nd. ed.]. London: Routledge; 2002. Available from: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=33142 &entityid=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth
133.
Broun D. Scottish independence and the idea of Britain: from the Picts to Alexander III [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2007. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748623600.001.0001
134.
O’Neill P, Australian Conference of Celtic Studies, University of Sydney. Celtic Studies Foundation. Exile and homecoming: papers from the fifth Australian Conference of Celtic Studies, University of Sydney, July 2004. Vol. Sydney series in Celtic studies. Sydney, N.S.W.: Celtic Studies Foundation, University of Sydney; 2005.
135.
Woolf A. Dun Nechtain, Fortriu and the Geography of the Picts. The Scottish Historical Review. 2006;85(2):182–201.
136.
Bannerman J. The Scottish takeover of Pictland and the relics of Columba. Innes Review. 1997 Jan;48(1):27–44.
137.
Broun D, Clancy TO. Spes Scotorum =: Hope of Scots : Saint Columba, Iona and Scotland. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark; 1999.
138.
Dumville DN, Whithorn Trust. Friends. The churches of North Britain in the first Viking-Age. Vol. Whithorn lecture. Whithorn: Friends of the Whithorn Trust; 1997.
139.
Crawford BE. Scotland in dark age Britain: the proceedings of a day conference held on 18 February 1995. Vol. St. John’s House papers. Aberdeen: Scottish Cultural Press; 1996.
140.
Morris CD, Batey CE, Jesch J, Viking Congress. The Viking age in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic: selected papers from the proceedings of the eleventh Viking Congress, Thurso and Kirkwall, 22 August-1 September 1989. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1993.
141.
Backlund J. War or Peace? The relations between the Picts and the Norse in Orkney. Northern studies. 2001;36:33–47.
142.
Downes J, Ritchie A. Sea change: Orkney and Northern Europe in the later Iron Age AD 300-800 [Internet]. Balgavies: Pinkfoot; 2003. Available from: http://content.talisaspire.com/glasgow/bundles/568cd9c5e7ebb60218000016
143.
Crawford BE, Groam House Museum Trust. Earl & Mormaer: Norse-Pictish relationships in Northern Scotland. Rosemarkie: Groam House Museum Trust; 1995.
144.
Crawford BE. Scandinavian Scotland. Vol. Studies in the early history of Britain. [Leicester]: Leicester University Press; 1987.
145.
Crawford BE. Scandinavian settlement in northern Britain: thirteen studies of place-names in their historical context. Vol. Studies in the early history of Britain. London: Leicester University Press; 1995.
146.
Dumville DN, Whithorn Trust. Friends. The churches of North Britain in the first Viking-Age. Vol. Whithorn lecture. Whithorn: Friends of the Whithorn Trust; 1997.
147.
Clarke HB, Ní Mhaonaigh M, Ó Floinn R. Ireland and Scandinavia in the early Viking age. Dublin: Four Courts Press; 1998.
148.
Sawyer PH. The Oxford illustrated history of the Vikings. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997.
149.
Downes J, Ritchie A. Sea change: Orkney and Northern Europe in the later Iron Age AD 300-800. Balgavies: Pinkfoot; 2003.
150.
Smith B. The Picts and the Martyrs, or did the Vikings Kill the Native Population of Orkney and Shetland. Northern studies [Internet]. 2001;36:7–32. Available from: http://content.talisaspire.com/glasgow/bundles/568cdd71e7ebb6021800002a
151.
Smyth AP. Scandinavian kings in the British Isles, 850-880. Vol. Oxford historical monographs. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1977.
152.
Smyth AP. Scandinavian York and Dublin: the history and archaeology of two related Viking kingdoms. Dublin: Templekieran Press; 1975.
153.
Taylor AB. The Orkneyinga saga. London: Oliver & Boyd; 1938.
154.
Downes J, Ritchie A. Sea change: Orkney and Northern Europe in the later Iron Age AD 300-800. Balgavies: Pinkfoot; 2003.
155.
Clarke DV, Blackwell AE, Goldberg M, National Museums of Scotland. Early Medieval Scotland: individuals, communities and ideas. Edinburgh: NMS Enterprises Limited - Publishing; 2012.
156.
Wainwright FT. The problem of the Picts. Perth: Melven Press; 1980.
157.
Scottish Society for Northern Studies. Northern studies. 1973;
158.
Crawford BE. Scotland in dark age Britain: the proceedings of a day conference held on 18 February 1995 [Internet]. Vol. St. John’s House papers. Aberdeen: Scottish Cultural Press; 1996. Available from: http://content.talisaspire.com/glasgow/bundles/56c2f004e7ebb6245700002a
159.
O’Neill P, Australian Conference of Celtic Studies, University of Sydney. Celtic Studies Foundation. Exile and homecoming: papers from the fifth Australian Conference of Celtic Studies, University of Sydney, July 2004 [Internet]. Vol. Sydney series in Celtic studies. Sydney, N.S.W.: Celtic Studies Foundation, University of Sydney; 2005. Available from: http://content.talisaspire.com/glasgow/bundles/56c2eedae7ebb6d27c000026