Bibliography for Media And Democracy BETA

@book{Aalberg_Curran_2012a, address={New York, N.Y.}, title={How media inform democracy: a comparative approach}, volume={Routledge new developments in communication and society research}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Aalberg, Toril and Curran, James}, year={2012} }

@book{Aalberg_Curran_2012b, address={New York, N.Y.}, title={How media inform democracy: a comparative approach}, volume={Routledge new developments in communication and society research}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Aalberg, Toril and Curran, James}, year={2012} }

@article{Aday_Devitt_2001, title={Style over Substance: Newspaper Coverage of Elizabeth Dole’s Presidential Bid}, volume={6}, DOI={10.1177/108118001129172134}, number={2}, journal={The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics}, author={Aday, S. and Devitt, J.}, year={2001}, month={Mar}, pages={52–73} }

@article{Aday_Livingston_2008a, title={Taking the state out of state--media relations theory: how transnational advocacy networks are changing the press--state dynamic}, volume={1}, DOI={10.1177/1750635207087630}, number={1}, journal={Media, War & Conflict}, author={Aday, S. and Livingston, S.}, year={2008}, month={Apr}, pages={99–107} }

@article{Aday_Livingston_2008b, title={Taking the state out of state--media relations theory: how transnational advocacy networks are changing the press--state dynamic}, volume={1}, DOI={10.1177/1750635207087630}, number={1}, journal={Media, War & Conflict}, author={Aday, S. and Livingston, S.}, year={2008}, month={Apr}, pages={99–107} }

@article{Allern_Blach-Ørsten_2011, title={The News Media as a Political Institution}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1080/1461670X.2010.511958}, number={1}, journal={Journalism Studies}, author={Allern, Sigurd and Blach-Ørsten, Mark}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={92–105} }

@book{Baker_2002, address={Cambridge}, title={Media, markets, and democracy}, volume={Communication, society, and politics}, url={http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam021/2001025498.html}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Baker, C. Edwin}, year={2002} }

@article{Ball_22AD, title={The choice revolution}, url={http://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/aug/22/bskyb.broadcasting1}, journal={The Guardian}, author={Ball, Tony}, year={22AD} }

@article{Balmas_Rahat_Sheafer_Shenhav_2014, title={Two routes to personalized politics: Centralized and decentralized personalization}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1177/1354068811436037}, number={1}, journal={Party Politics}, author={Balmas, M. and Rahat, G. and Sheafer, T. and Shenhav, S. R.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={37–51} }

@book{Bandurski_Hala_2010, address={Hong Kong}, title={Investigative journalism in China: eight cases in Chinese watchdog journalism}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789622091733.001.0001}, publisher={Hong Kong University Press}, author={Bandurski, David and Hala, Martin}, year={2010} }

@book{Barber_1984, address={Berkeley}, title={Strong democracy: participatory politics for a new age}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Barber, Benjamin R.}, year={1984} }

@book{Beharrell_Glasgow University Media Group_1976a, address={London}, title={Bad news}, publisher={Routledge & K. Paul}, author={Beharrell, Peter and Glasgow University Media Group}, year={1976} }

@book{Beharrell_Glasgow University Media Group_1976b, address={London}, title={More Bad News: Bad News Volume 2}, publisher={Routledge & K. Paul}, author={Beharrell, Peter and Glasgow University Media Group}, year={1976} }

@article{Bell_Entman_2011, title={The Media’s Role in America’s Exceptional Politics of Inequality: Framing the Bush Tax Cuts of 2001 and 2003}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1177/1940161211417334}, number={4}, journal={The International Journal of Press/Politics}, author={Bell, C. V. and Entman, R. M.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={548–572} }

@article{Bennett_1990, title={Toward a Theory of Press-State Relations in the United States}, volume={40}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.1990.tb02265.x}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Bennett, W. Lance}, year={1990}, month={Jun}, pages={103–127} }

@article{Bennett_Iyengar_2008, title={A New Era of Minimal Effects? The Changing Foundations of Political Communication}, volume={58}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00410.x}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Bennett, W. Lance and Iyengar, Shanto}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={707–731} }

@article{Bennett_Lawrence_Livingston_2006a, title={None Dare Call It Torture: Indexing and the Limits of Press Independence in the Abu Ghraib Scandal}, volume={56}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00296.x}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Bennett, W. Lance and Lawrence, Regina G. and Livingston, Steven}, year={2006}, month={Sep}, pages={467–485} }

@article{Bennett_Lawrence_Livingston_2006b, title={None Dare Call It Torture: Indexing and the Limits of Press Independence in the Abu Ghraib Scandal}, volume={56}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00296.x}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Bennett, W. Lance and Lawrence, Regina G. and Livingston, Steven}, year={2006}, month={Sep}, pages={467–485} }

@book{Bennett_Lawrence_Livingston_2007a, address={Chicago}, title={When the press fails: political power and the news media from Iraq to Katrina}, volume={Studies in communication, media, and public opinion}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Bennett, W. Lance and Lawrence, Regina G. and Livingston, Steven}, year={2007} }

@book{Bennett_Lawrence_Livingston_2007b, address={Chicago}, title={When the press fails: political power and the news media from Iraq to Katrina}, volume={Studies in communication, media, and public opinion}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Bennett, W. Lance and Lawrence, Regina G. and Livingston, Steven}, year={2007} }

@book{Bennett_Paletz_1994, address={Chicago, Ill}, title={Taken by storm: the media, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy in the Gulf War}, volume={American politics and political economy}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Bennett, W. Lance and Paletz, David L.}, year={1994} }

@article{Benton_10AD, title={NGOs and the News: Civil society’s place in the new news ecosystem}, url={http://www.niemanlab.org/2010/05/ngos-and-the-news-civil-societys-place-in-the-new-news-ecosystem/}, journal={Nieman Lab}, author={Benton, Joshua}, year={10AD} }

@misc{2005, title={Meta messaging framing your case and reinforcing your allies}, url={http://www.bmsg.org/resources/publications/meta-messaging-framing-your-case-and-reinforcing-your-allies}, author={Berkeley Media Studies Group}, year={2005} }

@book{Beumers_Hutchings_Rulyova_2009, address={London}, title={Globalisation, freedom and the media after Communism: the past as future}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Beumers, Birgit and Hutchings, Stephen C. and Rulyova, Natalia}, year={2009} }

@book{Blumler_Broadcasting Standards Council_1992, address={London}, title={Television and the public interest: vulnerable values in West European broadcasting}, publisher={Sage Publications in association with the Broadcasting Standards Council}, author={Blumler, Jay G. and Broadcasting Standards Council}, year={1992} }

@article{Brandenburg_Van Egmond_2012, title={Pressed into Party Support? Media Influence on Partisan Attitudes during the 2005 UK General Election Campaign}, volume={42}, DOI={10.1017/S0007123411000445}, number={02}, journal={British Journal of Political Science}, author={Brandenburg, Heinz and Van Egmond, Marcel}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={441–463} }

@book{Bruin_Ross_2004, address={Creskill, NJ}, title={Gender and newsroom cultures: identities at work}, volume={The Hampton Press communication series}, publisher={Hampton Press}, author={Bruin, Marjan de and Ross, Karen}, year={2004} }

@book{Bucy_Holbert_2011, address={New York}, title={Sourcebook for political communication research: methods, measures, and analytical techniques}, volume={Routledge communication series}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Bucy, E. Page and Holbert, R. Lance}, year={2011} }

@book{Bystrom_2004, address={New York}, title={Gender and candidate communication: videoStyle, webStyle, newsStyle}, volume={Gender politics, global issues}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Bystrom, Dianne G.}, year={2004} }

@book{Calhoun_1992, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={Habermas and the public sphere}, volume={Studies in contemporary German social thought}, publisher={MIT Press}, author={Calhoun, Craig J.}, year={1992} }

@book{Callaghan_Schnell_2005a, address={Pittsburgh, PA}, title={Framing American politics}, publisher={University of Pittsburgh Press}, author={Callaghan, Karen and Schnell, Frauke}, year={2005} }

@book{Callaghan_Schnell_2005b, address={Pittsburgh, PA}, title={Framing American politics}, publisher={University of Pittsburgh Press}, author={Callaghan, Karen and Schnell, Frauke}, year={2005} }

@book{Cammaerts_Carpentier_2007, address={Bristol}, title={Reclaiming the media: communication rights and democratic media roles}, volume={European Communication Research and Education Association series}, publisher={Intellect Books}, author={Cammaerts, B. and Carpentier, Nico}, year={2007} }

@article{Campbell_2012, title={Forecasting the 2012 American National Elections}, volume={45}, DOI={10.1017/S1049096512000856}, number={04}, journal={PS: Political Science & Politics}, author={Campbell, James E.}, year={2012}, month={Oct}, pages={610–613} }

@article{Carragee_Roefs_2004, title={The Neglect of Power in Recent Framing Research}, volume={54}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.2004.tb02625.x}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Carragee, Kevin M. and Roefs, Wim}, year={2004}, month={Jun}, pages={214–233} }

@article{Carroll_2009, title={Reflections on Gender and Hillary Clinton’s Presidential Campaign: The Good, the Bad, and the Misogynic}, volume={5}, DOI={10.1017/S1743923X09000014}, number={01}, journal={Politics & Gender}, author={Carroll, Susan J.}, year={2009}, month={Mar} }

@book{Childs_2008, address={London}, title={Women and British party politics: descriptive, substantive and symbolic representation}, volume={Routledge advances in European politics}, url={http://www.GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=332069}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Childs, Sarah}, year={2008} }

@article{Chong_Druckman_2007a, title={Framing Public Opinion in Competitive Democracies}, volume={101}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/27644476}, number={4}, journal={The American Political Science Review}, author={Chong, Dennis and Druckman, James N.}, year={2007}, pages={637–655} }

@article{Chong_Druckman_2007b, title={Framing Theory}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054}, number={1}, journal={Annual Review of Political Science}, author={Chong, Dennis and Druckman, James N.}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={103–126} }

@article{Coleman_2006, title={How the other half votes: Big Brother viewers and the 2005 general election}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1177/1367877906069895}, number={4}, journal={International Journal of Cultural Studies}, author={Coleman, S.}, year={2006}, month={Dec}, pages={457–479} }

@article{Conroy_Oliver_Breckenridge-Jackson_Heldman_2015, title={From Ferraro to Palin: sexism in coverage of vice presidential candidates in old and new media}, volume={3}, DOI={10.1080/21565503.2015.1050412}, number={4}, journal={Politics, Groups, and Identities}, author={Conroy, Meredith and Oliver, Sarah and Breckenridge-Jackson, Ian and Heldman, Caroline}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={573–591} }

@book{Corner_Pels_2003, address={London}, title={Media and the restyling of politics: consumerism, celebrity and cynicism}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Corner, John and Pels, Dick}, year={2003} }

@misc{Coronel_2008, title={The Media as Watchdog}, url={https://ziaruldela5.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/coronel20watchdog.pdf}, author={Coronel, S.}, year={2008} }

@misc{Coronel, title={Media as Watchdog}, url={http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/pnorris/Acrobat/WorldBankReport/Chapter%205%20Coronel.pdf}, author={Coronel, S} }

@book{Cottle_2003a, address={London}, title={News, public relations and power}, volume={Media in focus}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781857022773}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Cottle, Simon}, year={2003} }

@book{Cottle_2003b, address={London}, title={News, public relations and power}, volume={Media in focus}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781857022773}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Cottle, Simon}, year={2003} }

@article{Cottle_Nolan_2007, title={Global Humanitarianism and the changing aid-media field}, volume={8}, DOI={10.1080/14616700701556104}, number={6}, journal={Journalism Studies}, author={Cottle, Simon and Nolan, David}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={862–878} }

@book{Cox_Demos (Organization : London, England)_2004, address={London}, title={Free for all ?: public service television in the digital age}, publisher={Demos}, author={Cox, Barry and Demos (Organization : London, England)}, year={2004} }

@book{Crewe_Gosschalk_Bartle_1998, address={London}, title={Political communications: why Labour won the general election of 1997}, publisher={Frank Cass}, author={Crewe, Ivor and Gosschalk, Brian and Bartle, John}, year={1998} }

@book{Crigler_1996, address={Ann Arbor}, title={The psychology of political communication}, publisher={University of Michigan Press}, author={Crigler, Ann N.}, year={1996} }

@article{Curran_Coen_Soroka_Aalberg_Hayashi_Hichy_Iyengar_Jones_Mazzoleni_Papathanassopoulos_et al._2014, title={Reconsidering ‘virtuous circle’ and ‘media malaise’ theories of the media: An 11-nation study}, volume={15}, DOI={10.1177/1464884913520198}, number={7}, journal={Journalism}, author={Curran, J. and Coen, S. and Soroka, S. and Aalberg, T. and Hayashi, K. and Hichy, Z. and Iyengar, S. and Jones, P. and Mazzoleni, G. and Papathanassopoulos, S. and Rhee, J. W. and Rojas, H. and Rowe, D. and Tiffen, R.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={815–833} }

@article{Curran_Iyengar_Brink Lund_Salovaara-Moring_2009, title={Media System, Public Knowledge and Democracy: A Comparative Study}, volume={24}, DOI={10.1177/0267323108098943}, number={1}, journal={European Journal of Communication}, author={Curran, J. and Iyengar, S. and Brink Lund, A. and Salovaara-Moring, I.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={5–26} }

@book{Curran_2002a, address={London}, title={Media and power}, volume={Communication and society}, url={http://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=University%20of%20Glasgow&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203417744}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Curran, James}, year={2002} }

@book{Curran_2002b, address={London}, title={Media and power}, volume={Communication and society}, url={http://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=University%20of%20Glasgow&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203417744}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Curran, James}, year={2002} }

@book{Curran_Ebooks Corporation Limited_2011, address={Oxford}, title={Media and democracy}, volume={Communication and Society}, url={http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=672443}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Curran, James and Ebooks Corporation Limited}, year={2011} }

@book{Curran_Seaton_2010, address={London}, edition={7th ed}, title={Power without responsibility: the press, broadcasting and the internet in Britain}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203871409}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Curran, James and Seaton, Jean}, year={2010} }

@book{Curran_Taylor & Francis Group_2002, address={London}, title={Media and power}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203417744}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Curran, James and Taylor & Francis Group}, year={2002} }

@article{Cushion_Lewis_2009, title={Towards a `Foxification’ of 24-hour news channels in Britain?: An analysis of market-driven and publicly funded news coverage}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1177/1464884908100598}, number={2}, journal={Journalism}, author={Cushion, S. and Lewis, J.}, year={2009}, month={Apr}, pages={131–153} }

@book{Cushion_2012, address={Basingstoke, Hampshire}, title={The democratic value of news: why public service media matter}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Cushion, Stephen}, year={2012} }

@book{Dahl_1989, address={New Haven}, title={Democracy and its critics}, publisher={Yale University Press}, author={Dahl, Robert Alan}, year={1989} }

@book{Dale_1996, address={Toronto, Ont}, title={McLuhan’s children: the Greenpeace message and the media}, publisher={Between The Lines}, author={Dale, Stephen}, year={1996} }

@book{Davies_2009, address={London}, title={Flat Earth news: an award-winning reporter exposes falsehood, distortion and propaganda in the global media}, publisher={Vintage Books}, author={Davies, Nick}, year={2009} }

@article{Davis_2000, title={Public relations, news production and changing patterns of source access in the British national media}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1177/016344300022001003}, number={1}, journal={Media, Culture & Society}, author={Davis, A.}, year={2000}, month={Jan}, pages={39–59} }

@book{Davis_2002, address={Manchester}, title={Public relations democracy: public relations, politics and the mass media in Britain}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Davis, Aeron}, year={2002} }

@article{Davis_2007, title={Investigating Journalist Influences on Political Issue Agendas at Westminster}, volume={24}, DOI={10.1080/10584600701313033}, number={2}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Davis, Aeron}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={181–199} }

@book{Davis_2010a, address={London}, title={Political communication and social theory}, volume={Communication and society}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Davis, Aeron}, year={2010} }

@book{Davis_2010b, address={London}, title={Political communication and social theory}, volume={Communication and society}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Davis, Aeron}, year={2010} }

@article{Debrett_2009, title={Riding the wave: public service television in the multi-platform era}, volume={31}, DOI={10.1177/0163443709339466}, number={5}, journal={Media, Culture & Society}, author={Debrett, M.}, year={2009}, month={Sep}, pages={807–827} }

@book{Denver_2012, address={Basingstoke}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Elections and voters in Britain}, volume={Contemporary Political Studies}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Denver, D. T.}, year={2012} }

@article{Egorov_Guriev_Sonin_2009, title={Why Resource-poor Dictators Allow Freer Media: A Theory and Evidence from Panel Data}, volume={103}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/27798530}, number={4}, journal={The American Political Science Review}, author={Egorov, G and Guriev, S and Sonin, K}, year={2009}, pages={645–668} }

@article{Elisabeth Schimpfossl,Ilya Yablokov_2014, title={Coercion or conformism? Censorship and self-censorship among Russian media personalities and reporters in the 2010s}, volume={22}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=EAIM&u=glasuni&id=GALE|A368073878&v=2.1&it=r&sid=summon&userGroup=glasuni&authCount=1}, number={2}, journal={Demokratizatsiya}, author={Elisabeth Schimpfossl,Ilya Yablokov}, year={2014} }

@article{Elmelund-Praestekaer_Wien_2008a, title={What’s the Fuss About? The Interplay of Media Hypes and Politics}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1177/1940161208319292}, number={3}, journal={The International Journal of Press/Politics}, author={Elmelund-Praestekaer, C. and Wien, C.}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={247–266} }

@article{Elmelund-Praestekaer_Wien_2008b, title={What’s the Fuss About? The Interplay of Media Hypes and Politics}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1177/1940161208319292}, number={3}, journal={The International Journal of Press/Politics}, author={Elmelund-Praestekaer, C. and Wien, C.}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={247–266} }

@article{Enikolopov_Petrova_Zhuravskaya_2011, title={Media and Political Persuasion: Evidence from Russia}, volume={101}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41408737}, number={7}, journal={The American Economic Review}, author={Enikolopov, Ruben and Petrova, Maria and Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina}, year={2011}, pages={3253–3285} }

@article{Entman_1993, title={Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm}, volume={43}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Entman, Robert M.}, year={1993}, month={Dec}, pages={51–58} }

@article{Entman_2003, title={Cascading Activation: Contesting the White House’s Frame After 9/11}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1080/10584600390244176}, number={4}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Entman, Robert M.}, year={2003}, month={Oct}, pages={415–432} }

@book{Entman_2004, address={Chicago, Illinois}, title={Projections of power: framing news, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy}, volume={Studies in communication, media, and public opinion}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780226210735}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Entman, Robert M.}, year={2004} }

@book{Esser_Pfetsch_2004, address={Cambridge}, title={Comparing political communication: theories, cases, and challenges}, volume={Communication, society, and politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Esser, Frank and Pfetsch, Barbara}, year={2004} }

@book{Esser_Stromback_2014, address={Basingstoke}, title={Mediatization of politics: understanding the transformation of western democracies}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9781137275844}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Esser, Frank and Stromback, Jesper}, year={2014} }

@book{Farrell_Schmitt-Beck_2002, address={London}, title={Do political campaigns matter?: campaign effects in elections and referendums}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Farrell, David M. and Schmitt-Beck, Rüdiger}, year={2002} }

@book{Fenton_2010, address={Los Angeles, Calif}, title={New media, old news: journalism & democracy in the digital age}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Fenton, Natalie}, year={2010} }

@book{Ferguson_1990, address={London}, title={Public communication: the new imperatives : future directions for media research}, volume={SAGE communications in society}, publisher={Sage}, author={Ferguson, Marjorie}, year={1990} }

@book{Foley_2000, address={Manchester}, title={The British presidency: Tony Blair and the politics of public leadership}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Foley, Michael}, year={2000} }

@book{Franklin_2005, address={Edinburgh}, title={Television policy: the MacTaggart lectures}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748617173.001.0001}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Franklin, Bob}, year={2005} }

@book{Freedman_2008, address={Cambridge}, title={The politics of media policy}, publisher={Polity Press}, author={Freedman, Des}, year={2008} }

@misc{ title={Freedom of the Press 2013}, url={https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/freedom-press-2013#.VbjggfnwCex}, author={Freedom House} }

@article{Gamson_Croteau_Hoynes_Sasson_1992, title={Media Images and the Social Construction of Reality}, volume={18}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2083459}, journal={Annual Review of Sociology}, author={Gamson, William A. and Croteau, David and Hoynes, William and Sasson, Theodore}, year={1992}, pages={373–393} }

@article{Gamson_Modigliani_1989, title={Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power: A Constructionist Approach}, volume={95}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2780405}, number={1}, journal={American Journal of Sociology}, author={Gamson, William A. and Modigliani, Andre}, year={1989}, pages={1–37} }

@article{Gamson_Ryan, title={Thinking about Elephants: Toward a Dialogue with George Lakoff}, volume={19}, url={http://www.publiceye.org/magazine/v19n2/gamson_elephants.html}, number={2}, journal={The Public Eye Magazine}, author={Gamson, William A. and Ryan, Charlotte} }

@article{Gamson_Wolfsfeld_1993, title={Movements and Media as Interacting Systems}, volume={528}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1047795}, journal={The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science}, author={Gamson, William A. and Wolfsfeld, Gadi}, year={1993}, pages={114–125} }

@misc{Gardam_Levy_2008, title={The Price of Plurality - Choice, Diversity and Broadcasting Institutions in the Digital Age}, url={http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/broadcast/reviews-investigations/psb-review/psbplurality.pdf}, publisher={Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism}, author={Gardam, Tim and Levy, David A.}, year={2008} }

@article{Gardetto_1997, title={Hillary Rodham Clinton, Symbolic Gender Politics, and the New York Times : January-November 1992}, volume={14}, DOI={10.1080/105846097199461}, number={2}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Gardetto, Darlaine C.}, year={1997}, month={Apr}, pages={225–240} }

@article{Gavin_Sanders_2003, title={The Press and Its Influence on British Political Attitudes under New Labour}, volume={51}, DOI={10.1111/1467-9248.00442}, number={3}, journal={Political Studies}, author={Gavin, Neil T. and Sanders, David}, year={2003}, month={Oct}, pages={573–591} }

@article{Gehlbach_Sonin_2011, title={Government Control of the Media}, DOI={10.2139/ssrn.1315882}, journal={SSRN Electronic Journal}, author={Gehlbach, Scott and Sonin, Konstantin}, year={2011} }

@article{Gidengil_Everitt_2003, title={Talking Tough: Gender and Reported Speech in Campaign News Coverage}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1080/10584600390218869}, number={3}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Gidengil, Elisabeth and Everitt, Joanna}, year={2003}, month={Jul}, pages={209–232} }

@article{Gilboa_2005, title={The CNN Effect: The Search for a Communication Theory of International Relations}, volume={22}, DOI={10.1080/10584600590908429}, number={1}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Gilboa, Eytan}, year={2005}, month={Feb}, pages={27–44} }

@book{Gitlin_1980, address={Berkeley}, title={The whole world is watching: mass media in the making & unmaking of the New Left}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Gitlin, Todd}, year={1980} }

@book{Goffman_1986, address={Boston}, edition={Northeastern University Press ed}, title={Frame analysis: an essay on the organization of experience}, publisher={Northeastern University Press}, author={Goffman, Erving}, year={1986} }

@article{Graber, Doris_2003, title={The Media and Democracy: Beyond Myths and Stereotypes}, volume={6}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=10609378&site=ehost-live}, number={1}, journal={Annual Review of Political Science.}, author={Graber, Doris}, year={2003}, pages={139–160} }

@book{Graber_2011a, address={Washington, DC}, edition={6th ed}, title={Media power in politics}, publisher={CQ Press}, author={Graber, Doris A.}, year={2011} }

@book{Graber_2011b, address={Washington, DC}, edition={6th ed}, title={Media power in politics}, publisher={CQ Press}, author={Graber, Doris A.}, year={2011} }

@book{Graber_McQuail_Norris_1998, address={Washington, DC}, title={The politics of news: the news of politics}, publisher={CQ Press}, author={Graber, Doris A. and McQuail, Denis and Norris, Pippa}, year={1998} }

@article{Graeff_Stempeck_Zuckerman_2014, title={The battle for ‘Trayvon Martin’: Mapping a media controversy online and off-line}, volume={19}, DOI={10.5210/fm.v19i2.4947}, number={2}, journal={First Monday}, author={Graeff, Erhardt and Stempeck, Matt and Zuckerman, Ethan}, year={2014}, month={Feb} }

@book{Hallin_Mancini_2012a, address={Cambridge}, title={Comparing media systems beyond the western world}, volume={Communication, society and politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hallin, Daniel C. and Mancini, Paolo}, year={2012} }

@book{Hallin_Mancini_2012b, address={Cambridge}, title={Comparing media systems beyond the western world}, volume={Communication, society and politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hallin, Daniel C. and Mancini, Paolo}, year={2012} }

@book{Hallin_Mancini_2012c, address={Cambridge}, title={Comparing media systems beyond the western world}, volume={Communication, society and politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hallin, Daniel C. and Mancini, Paolo}, year={2012} }

@book{Hallin_Mancini_American Council of Learned Societies_2004, address={New York}, title={Comparing media systems: three models of media and politics}, volume={Communication, society, and politics}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.31807}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Hallin, Daniel C. and Mancini, Paolo and American Council of Learned Societies}, year={2004} }

@article{Hänggli_Kriesi_2010, title={Political Framing Strategies and Their Impact on Media Framing in a Swiss Direct-Democratic Campaign}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1080/10584600903501484}, number={2}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Hänggli, Regula and Kriesi, Hanspeter}, year={2010}, month={May}, pages={141–157} }

@article{Heflick_Goldenberg_2009, title={Objectifying Sarah Palin: Evidence that objectification causes women to be perceived as less competent and less fully human}, volume={45}, DOI={10.1016/j.jesp.2009.02.008}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Experimental Social Psychology}, author={Heflick, Nathan A. and Goldenberg, Jamie L.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={598–601} }

@article{Heflick_Goldenberg_Cooper_Puvia_2011, title={From women to objects: Appearance focus, target gender, and perceptions of warmth, morality and competence}, volume={47}, DOI={10.1016/j.jesp.2010.12.020}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Experimental Social Psychology}, author={Heflick, Nathan A. and Goldenberg, Jamie L. and Cooper, Douglas P. and Puvia, Elisa}, year={2011}, month={May}, pages={572–581} }

@book{Held_2006, address={Cambridge}, edition={3rd ed}, title={Models of democracy}, publisher={Polity}, author={Held, David}, year={2006} }

@book{Holbrook_1996, address={Thousand Oaks, CA}, title={Do campaigns matter?}, volume={Contemporary American politics}, url={http://www.GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=997003}, publisher={Sage Publications}, author={Holbrook, Thomas M.}, year={1996} }

@article{Holtz-Bacha_Norris_2001, title={‘To Entertain, Inform, and Educate’: Still the Role of Public Television}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1080/105846001750322943}, number={2}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Holtz-Bacha, Christina and Norris, Pippa}, year={2001}, month={Apr}, pages={123–140} }

@book{Iyengar_1991, address={Chicago}, title={Is anyone responsible?: how television frames political issues}, volume={American politics and political economy}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Iyengar, Shanto}, year={1991} }

@book{Iyengar_Kinder_1987, address={Chicago}, title={News that matters: television and American opinion}, volume={American politics and political economy}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Iyengar, Shanto and Kinder, Donald R.}, year={1987} }

@book{Iyengar_Reeves_1997a, address={Thousand Oaks, Calif}, title={Do the media govern?: politicians, voters, and reporters in America}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Iyengar, Shanto and Reeves, Richard}, year={1997} }

@book{Iyengar_Reeves_1997b, address={Thousand Oaks, Calif}, title={Do the media govern?: politicians, voters, and reporters in America}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Iyengar, Shanto and Reeves, Richard}, year={1997} }

@book{Jamieson_1990a, address={New York, NY}, title={Eloquence in an electronic age: the transformation of political speechmaking}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.31820}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Jamieson, Kathleen Hall}, year={1990} }

@book{Jamieson_1990b, address={New York, NY}, title={Eloquence in an electronic age: the transformation of political speechmaking}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.31820}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Jamieson, Kathleen Hall}, year={1990} }

@book{Jamieson_1995, address={New York, NY}, title={Beyond the double bind: women and leadership}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Jamieson, Kathleen Hall}, year={1995} }

@book{Jamieson_2000, address={New York}, title={Everything you think you know about politics-- and why you’re wrong}, publisher={Basic Books}, author={Jamieson, Kathleen Hall}, year={2000} }

@article{Jha_2008, title={Why they wouldn’t cite from sites: A study of journalists’ perceptions of social movement web sites and the impact on their coverage of social protest}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1177/1464884908096242}, number={6}, journal={Journalism}, author={Jha, S.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={711–732} }

@book{Johnston_Noakes_2005, address={Lanham, MD}, title={Frames of protest: social movements and the framing perspective}, url={http://www.GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1322109}, publisher={Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc}, author={Johnston, Hank and Noakes, John A.}, year={2005} }

@article{Jonathan Hassid_2008, title={Controlling the Chinese Media: An Uncertain Business}, volume={48}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2008.48.3.414}, number={3}, journal={Asian Survey}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Jonathan Hassid}, year={2008}, pages={414–430} }

@book{Jong_Shaw_Stammers_2005, address={London}, title={Global activism, global media}, url={http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=175031&entityid=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth}, publisher={Pluto Press}, author={Jong, Wilma de and Shaw, Martin and Stammers, Neil}, year={2005} }

@book{Just_1996a, address={Chicago}, title={Crosstalk: citizens, candidates, and the media in a presidential campaign}, volume={American politics and political economy}, publisher={The University of Chicago Press}, author={Just, Marion R.}, year={1996} }

@book{Just_1996b, address={Chicago}, title={Crosstalk: citizens, candidates, and the media in a presidential campaign}, volume={American politics and political economy}, publisher={The University of Chicago Press}, author={Just, Marion R.}, year={1996} }

@book{Kahn_1996, address={New York}, title={The political consequences of being a woman: how stereotypes influence the conduct and consequences of political campaigns}, volume={Power, conflict, and democracy}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Kahn, Kim Fridkin}, year={1996} }

@book{Kaid_2004a, address={Mahwah, N.J.}, title={Handbook of political communication research}, volume={LEA’s communication series}, url={http://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=University%20of%20Glasgow&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781410610584}, publisher={Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, author={Kaid, Lynda Lee}, year={2004} }

@book{Kaid_2004b, address={Mahwah, N.J.}, title={Handbook of political communication research}, volume={LEA’s communication series}, url={http://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=University%20of%20Glasgow&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781410610584}, publisher={Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, author={Kaid, Lynda Lee}, year={2004} }

@book{Kaid_Holtz-Bacha_2008, address={Los Angeles, Calif}, title={Encyclopedia of political communication}, volume={A SAGE reference publication}, publisher={Sage Publications}, author={Kaid, Lynda Lee and Holtz-Bacha, Christina}, year={2008} }

@book{Karvonen_2010, address={Colchester}, title={The personalisation of politics: a study of parliamentary democracies}, volume={ECPR monographs}, publisher={ECPR Press}, author={Karvonen, Lauri}, year={2010} }

@book{Kennamer_1994, address={Westport, Conn}, edition={Paperback ed}, title={Public opinion, the press, and public policy}, publisher={Praeger}, author={Kennamer, J. David}, year={1994} }

@book{King_2002, address={Oxford}, title={Leaders’ personalities and the outcomes of democratic elections}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0199253137.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={King, Anthony Stephen}, year={2002} }

@article{King, et al_2013, title={How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression}, volume={107}, DOI={10.1017/S0003055413000014}, number={02}, journal={American Political Science Review}, author={King, et al, Gary}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={326–343} }

@book{Kingdon_2003, address={New York}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Agendas, alternatives, and public policies}, volume={Longman classics in political science}, publisher={Longman}, author={Kingdon, John W.}, year={2003} }

@article{Kittilson_Fridkin_2008, title={Gender, Candidate Portrayals and Election Campaigns: A Comparative Perspective}, volume={4}, DOI={10.1017/S1743923X08000330}, number={03}, journal={Politics & Gender}, author={Kittilson, Miki Caul and Fridkin, Kim}, year={2008}, month={Sep} }

@book{Koch-Baumgarten_Voltmer_2010, address={London}, title={Public policy and mass media: the interplay of mass communication and political decision making}, volume={Routledge/ECPR studies in European political science}, url={http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=257161&entityid=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth}, publisher={Routledge/ECPR}, author={Koch-Baumgarten, Sigrid and Voltmer, Katrin}, year={2010} }

@article{Kriesi_2012, title={Personalization of national election campaigns}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1177/1354068810389643}, number={6}, journal={Party Politics}, author={Kriesi, H.}, year={2012}, month={Nov}, pages={825–844} }

@book{Kuhn_2002a, address={Basingstoke}, title={Politics and the media in Britain}, volume={Contemporary political studies (Palgrave (Firm))}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Kuhn, Raymond}, year={2002} }

@book{Kuhn_2002b, address={Basingstoke}, title={Politics and the media in Britain}, volume={Contemporary political studies (Palgrave (Firm))}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Kuhn, Raymond}, year={2002} }

@article{Langer_2007, title={A Historical Exploration of the Personalisation of Politics in the Print Media: The British Prime Ministers (1945-1999)}, volume={60}, DOI={10.1093/pa/gsm028}, number={3}, journal={Parliamentary Affairs}, author={Langer, A. I.}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={371–387} }

@article{Langer_2010, title={The Politicization of Private Persona: Exceptional Leaders or the New Rule? The Case of the United Kingdom and the Blair Effect}, volume={15}, DOI={10.1177/1940161209351003}, number={1}, journal={The International Journal of Press/Politics}, author={Langer, A. I.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={60–76} }

@book{Langer_2011, address={Manchester}, title={The personalisation of politics in the UK: mediated leadership from Attlee to Cameron}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Langer, Ana Inés}, year={2011} }

@article{Larson_2001, title={American Women and Politics in the Media: A Review Essay}, volume={34}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1350209}, number={2}, journal={PS: Political Science and Politics}, author={Larson, Stephanie Greco}, year={2001}, pages={227–230} }

@article{Lawrence_2004, title={Framing Obesity: The Evolution of News Discourse on a Public Health Issue}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1177/1081180X04266581}, number={3}, journal={The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics}, author={Lawrence, Regina G.}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={56–75} }

@book{Lawrence_Rose_2010, address={Boulder, Colo}, title={Hillary Clinton’s race for the White House: gender politics and the media on the campaign trail}, publisher={Lynne Rienner Publishers}, author={Lawrence, Regina G. and Rose, Melody}, year={2010} }

@article{Lawson_McCann_2005a, title={Television News, Mexico’s 2000 Elections and Media Effects in Emerging Democracies}, volume={35}, DOI={10.1017/S0007123405000013}, number={1}, journal={British Journal of Political Science}, author={Lawson, Chappell and McCann, James A.}, year={2005}, month={Jan}, pages={1–30} }

@article{Lawson_McCann_2005b, title={Television News, Mexico’s 2000 Elections and Media Effects in Emerging Democracies}, volume={35}, DOI={10.1017/S0007123405000013}, number={1}, journal={British Journal of Political Science}, author={Lawson, Chappell and McCann, James A.}, year={2005}, month={Jan}, pages={1–30} }

@book{Lazarsfeld_Berelson_Gaudet_1965, address={New York}, edition={3d ed}, title={The people’s choice: how the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Lazarsfeld, Paul Felix and Berelson, Bernard and Gaudet, Hazel}, year={1965} }

@article{Leduc_2002, title={Opinion change and voting behaviour in referendums}, volume={41}, DOI={10.1111/1475-6765.00027}, number={6}, journal={European Journal of Political Research}, author={Leduc, Lawrence}, year={2002}, month={Oct}, pages={711–732} }

@article{Lei_2011, title={The Political Consequences of the Rise of the Internet: Political Beliefs and Practices of Chinese Netizens}, volume={28}, DOI={10.1080/10584609.2011.572449}, number={3}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Lei, Ya-Wen}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={291–322} }

@article{Lewis_Williams_Franklin_2008, title={A Compromised Fourth Estate?}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1080/14616700701767974}, number={1}, journal={Journalism Studies}, author={Lewis, Justin and Williams, Andrew and Franklin, Bob}, year={2008}, month={Feb}, pages={1–20} }

@book{Lichtenberg_1990, address={Cambridge}, title={Democracy and the mass media: a collection of essays}, volume={Cambridge studies in philosophy and public policy}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Lichtenberg, Judith}, year={1990} }

@misc{Lichtenberg, title={The Politics of Character and the Character of Journalism}, url={http://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/d02_lichtenberg.pdf}, publisher={The Joan Shorenstein Barone Center}, author={Lichtenberg, Judith} }

@misc{Lichtenberg, title={The Politics of Character and the Character of Journalism}, url={http://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/d02_lichtenberg.pdf}, publisher={The Joan Shorenstein Barone Center}, author={Lichtenberg, Judith} }

@book{Lilleker_2006, address={London}, title={Key concepts in political communication}, volume={SAGE key concepts}, publisher={Sage}, author={Lilleker, Darren G.}, year={2006} }

@misc{Livingston, title={Clarifying the CNN Effect: An Examination of Media Effects According to Type of Military Intervention}, url={http://shorensteincenter.org/clarifying-the-cnn-effect-media-effects-and-military-intervention/}, publisher={Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, Harvard Kennedy School}, author={Livingston, Steven} }

@article{Lorentzen_2014, title={China’s Strategic Censorship}, volume={58}, DOI={10.1111/ajps.12065}, number={2}, journal={American Journal of Political Science}, author={Lorentzen, Peter}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={402–414} }

@book{Lowe_Bardoel_2007, address={Göteborg, Sweden}, title={From public service broadcasting to public service media}, publisher={Nordicom}, author={Lowe, Gregory Ferrell and Bardoel, Jo}, year={2007} }

@book{Manin_1997, address={Cambridge}, title={The principles of representative government}, volume={Themes in the social sciences}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Manin, Bernard}, year={1997} }

@book{Manning_2001a, address={London}, title={News and news sources: a critical introduction}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781446265345}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Manning, Paul}, year={2001} }

@book{Manning_2001b, address={London}, title={News and news sources: a critical introduction}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781446265345}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Manning, Paul}, year={2001} }

@article{Matthes_Kohring_2008, title={The Content Analysis of Media Frames: Toward Improving Reliability and Validity}, volume={58}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00384.x}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Matthes, Jrg and Kohring, Matthias}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={258–279} }

@book{McChesney_2000, address={New York}, edition={New Press pbk. ed}, title={Rich media, poor democracy: communication politics in dubious times}, publisher={New Press}, author={McChesney, Robert Waterman}, year={2000} }

@article{McLeod_Detenber_1999, title={Framing effects of television news coverage of social protest}, volume={49}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02802.x}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={McLeod, DM and Detenber, BH}, year={1999}, month={Sep}, pages={3–23} }

@book{McNair_2009, address={London}, edition={5th ed}, title={News and journalism in the UK}, volume={Communication and society}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203881415}, publisher={Routledge}, author={McNair, Brian}, year={2009} }

@book{McNair_2011a, address={Abingdon, Oxon}, title={An introduction to political communication}, volume={Communication and society}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203828694}, publisher={Routledge}, author={McNair, Brian}, year={2011} }

@book{McNair_2011b, address={Abingdon, Oxon}, title={An introduction to political communication}, volume={Communication and society}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203828694}, publisher={Routledge}, author={McNair, Brian}, year={2011} }

@book{McQuail_1992, address={London}, title={Media performance: mass communication and the public interest}, publisher={Sage Publications}, author={McQuail, Denis}, year={1992} }

@book{McQuail_2002, address={London}, title={McQuail’s reader in mass communication theory}, publisher={SAGE}, author={McQuail, Denis}, year={2002} }

@article{Meeks_2012, title={Is She "Man Enough”? Women Candidates, Executive Political Offices, and News Coverage}, volume={62}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01621.x}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Meeks, Lindsey}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={175–193} }

@article{Miller_Wattenberg_Malanchuk_1986, title={Schematic Assessments of Presidential Candidates}, volume={80}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1958272}, number={2}, journal={The American Political Science Review}, author={Miller, Arthur H. and Wattenberg, Martin P. and Malanchuk, Oksana}, year={1986}, pages={521–540} }

@article{Miller_1993, title={Official sources and `primary definition’: the case of Northern Ireland}, volume={15}, DOI={10.1177/016344393015003004}, number={3}, journal={Media, Culture & Society}, author={Miller, D.}, year={1993}, month={Jul}, pages={385–406} }

@article{Miller_Peake_2013, title={Press Effects, Public Opinion, and Gender: Coverage of Sarah Palin’s Vice-Presidential Campaign}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1177/1940161213495456}, number={4}, journal={The International Journal of Press/Politics}, author={Miller, M. K. and Peake, J. S.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={482–507} }

@book{Miller_1991, address={Oxford}, title={Media and voters: the audience, content and influence of press and television at the 1987 General Election}, publisher={Clarendon Press}, author={Miller, William Lockley}, year={1991} }

@book{Milne_2005, address={London}, title={Manufacturing dissent: single-issue protest, the public and the press}, publisher={Demos}, author={Milne, Kirsty}, year={2005} }

@book{Mughan_2000, address={Basingstoke}, title={Media and the presidentialization of parliamentary elections}, publisher={Palgrave}, author={Mughan, Anthony}, year={2000} }

@book{Murray_2010, address={Santa Barbara, Calif}, title={Cracking the highest glass ceiling: a global comparison of women’s campaigns for executive office}, volume={Women and minorities in politics}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780313382499}, publisher={Praeger Publishers}, author={Murray, Rainbow}, year={2010} }

@misc{Murray_Perry_2008, title={A Right Royal Mess: Why Did the French Say ‘Non’ to the Opportunity to Have a Woman President? authored by Murray, Rainbow. and Perry, Sheila.}, url={http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/2/8/0/4/3/pages280433/p280433-1.php}, author={Murray, Rainbow and Perry, Sheila}, year={2008} }

@article{Mutz_Young_2011a, title={Communication and Public Opinion: Plus Ca Change?}, volume={75}, DOI={10.1093/poq/nfr052}, number={5}, journal={Public Opinion Quarterly}, author={Mutz, D. C. and Young, L.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={1018–1044} }

@article{Mutz_Young_2011b, title={Communication and Public Opinion: Plus Ca Change?}, volume={75}, DOI={10.1093/poq/nfr052}, number={5}, journal={Public Opinion Quarterly}, author={Mutz, D. C. and Young, L.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={1018–1044} }

@book{Mutz_1998, address={Cambridge}, title={Impersonal influence: how perceptions of mass collectives affect political attitudes}, volume={Cambridge studies in political psychology and public opinion}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Mutz, Diana Carole}, year={1998} }

@book{Nacos_Shapiro_Isernia_2000, address={Lanham, Md}, title={Decisionmaking in a glass house: mass media, public opinion, and American and European foreign policy in the 21st century}, publisher={Rowman & Littlefield Publishers}, author={Nacos, Brigitte Lebens and Shapiro, Robert Y. and Isernia, Pierangelo}, year={2000} }

@book{Negrine_2008, address={Basingstoke}, title={The transformation of political communication: continuities and changes in media and politics}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Negrine, Ralph M.}, year={2008} }

@book{Negrine_Stanyer_2007, address={New York, NY}, title={The political communication reader}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Negrine, Ralph M. and Stanyer, James}, year={2007} }

@article{Newton_2006, title={May the weak force be with you: The power of the mass media in modern politics}, volume={45}, DOI={10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00296.x}, number={2}, journal={European Journal of Political Research}, author={Newton, Kenneth}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={209–234} }

@book{Norris_1997, address={New York}, title={Women, media, and politics}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Norris, Pippa}, year={1997} }

@book{Norris_1999, address={London}, title={On message: communicating the campaign}, publisher={Sage}, author={Norris, Pippa}, year={1999} }

@book{Norris_2000, address={Cambridge}, title={A virtuous circle: political communications in postindustrial societies}, volume={Communication, society and politics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Norris, Pippa}, year={2000} }

@book{Norris_2009, title={Governance and Accountability - Public Sentinel: News Media & Governance Reform}, url={http://go.worldbank.org/ZMCO1WV7Z0}, publisher={The World Bank}, author={Norris, Pippa}, year={2009} }

@book{Norris_2010, address={Washington, D.C.}, title={Public sentinel: news media & governance reform}, publisher={The World Bank}, author={Norris, Pippa}, year={2010} }

@article{Oates_2014a, title={Glasnost 2.0}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?ty=as&v=2.1&u=glasuni&it=search&s=RELEVANCE&p=EAIM&qt=SN~1074-6846~~TI~Glasnost%202.0~~VO~22~~SP~277~~IU~2&lm=DA~120140322&sw=w}, journal={Demokratizatsiya}, author={Oates, S}, year={2014} }

@misc{Oates_2014b, title={Russian State Narrative in the Digital Age: Rewired Propaganda in Russian Television News Framing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17}, url={http://www.media-politics.com/presentationspublications.htm}, author={Oates, S}, year={2014} }

@article{Oates_Lokot_2013, title={Twilight of the Gods?: How the Internet Challenged Russian Television News Frames in the Winter Protests of 2011-12}, DOI={10.2139/ssrn.2286727}, journal={SSRN Electronic Journal}, author={Oates, Sarah and Lokot, Tetyana}, year={2013} }

@article{Olsen_Carstensen_Høyen_2003, title={Humanitarian Crises: What Determines the Level of Emergency Assistance? Media Coverage, Donor Interests and the Aid Business}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1111/1467-7717.00223}, number={2}, journal={Disasters}, author={Olsen, Gorm Rye and Carstensen, Nils and Høyen, Kristian}, year={2003}, month={Jun}, pages={109–126} }

@article{O’Neill_2007, title={From hunky heroes to dangerous dinosaurs}, volume={8}, DOI={10.1080/14616700701504781}, number={5}, journal={Journalism Studies}, author={O’Neill, Deirdre}, year={2007}, month={Oct}, pages={813–830} }

@book{Overholser_Jamieson_2005, address={New York, NY}, title={The press}, volume={Institutions of American democracy series}, url={http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=84383&entityid=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Overholser, Geneva and Jamieson, Kathleen Hall}, year={2005} }

@book{Page_Shapiro_1992, address={Chicago}, title={The rational public: fifty years of trends in Americans’ policy preferences}, volume={American politics and political economy}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Page, Benjamin I. and Shapiro, Robert Y.}, year={1992} }

@article{Pan_Kosicki_1993, title={Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1080/10584609.1993.9962963}, number={1}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Pan, Zhongdang and Kosicki, Gerald}, year={1993}, pages={55–75} }

@misc{Paxman, title={The James MacTaggart Memorial Lecture}, url={http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/newsnight/2007/08/the_james_mactaggart_memorial_lecture.html}, author={Paxman, Jeremy} }

@article{Perry_2005a, title={Gender Difference in French PoliticalCommunication: From Handicap to Asset?}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1080/09639480500177773}, number={3}, journal={Modern & Contemporary France}, author={Perry, Sheila}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={337–352} }

@article{Perry_2005b, title={Gender Difference in French PoliticalCommunication: From Handicap to Asset?}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1080/09639480500177773}, number={3}, journal={Modern & Contemporary France}, author={Perry, Sheila}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={337–352} }

@misc{Picard_Siciliani_2013, title={Is there Still a Place for Public Service Television?}, url={https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/publication/there-still-place-public-service-television}, publisher={Reuters Institute for the study of Journalism}, author={Picard, Robert G. and Siciliani, Paolo}, year={2013} }

@book{Poguntke_Webb_2005, address={Oxford}, title={The presidentialization of politics: a comparative study of modern democracies}, volume={Comparative politics (Oxford University Press)}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0199252017.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Poguntke, Thomas and Webb, Paul}, year={2005} }

@book{Popkin_1991, address={Chicago}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The reasoning voter: communication and persuasion in presidential campaigns}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Popkin, Samuel L.}, year={1991} }

@article{Porto_2007a, title={Framing Controversies: Television and the 2002 Presidential Election in Brazil}, volume={24}, DOI={10.1080/10584600601128705}, number={1}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Porto, Mauro P.}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={19–36} }

@article{Porto_2007b, title={Framing Controversies: Television and the 2002 Presidential Election in Brazil}, volume={24}, DOI={10.1080/10584600601128705}, number={1}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Porto, Mauro P.}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={19–36} }

@article{Powers_2014, title={The Structural Organization of NGO Publicity Work: Explaining Divergent Publicity Strategies at Humanitarian and Human Rights Organizations}, volume={8}, url={http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/2517}, journal={International Journal of Communication}, author={Powers, Matthew}, year={2014} }

@article{Price_Nir_Cappella_2005, title={Framing Public Discussion of Gay Civil Unions}, volume={69}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3521577}, number={2}, journal={The Public Opinion Quarterly}, author={Price, Vincent and Nir, Lilach and Cappella, Joseph N.}, year={2005}, pages={179–212} }

@book{Prior_2007, address={Cambridge}, title={Post-broadcast democracy: how media choice increases inequality in political involvement and polarizes elections}, volume={Cambridge studies in public opinion and political psychology}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Prior, Markus}, year={2007} }

@article{Prior_2013, title={Media and Political Polarization}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1146/annurev-polisci-100711-135242}, number={1}, journal={Annual Review of Political Science}, author={Prior, Markus}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={101–127} }

@article{Rahat_Sheafer_2007, title={The Personalization(s) of Politics: Israel, 1949–2003}, volume={24}, DOI={10.1080/10584600601128739}, number={1}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Rahat, Gideon and Sheafer, Tamir}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={65–80} }

@article{Ramos_Ron_Thoms_2007, title={Shaping the Northern Media’s Human Rights Coverage, 1986-2000}, volume={44}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/27640537}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Peace Research}, author={Ramos, Howard and Ron, James and Thoms, Oskar N. T.}, year={2007}, pages={385–406} }

@book{Reese_Gandy_Grant_2003, address={Mahwah, N.J.}, title={Framing public life: perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world}, volume={LEA’s communication series}, publisher={Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}, author={Reese, Stephen D. and Gandy, Oscar H. and Grant, August E.}, year={2003} }

@book{Ridge-Newman_2014, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire}, title={Cameron’s conservatives and the Internet: change, culture and cyber Toryism}, volume={Palgrave pivot}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Ridge-Newman, Anthony}, year={2014} }

@article{Robinson_2001a, title={Theorizing the Influence of Media on World Politics: Models of Media Influence on Foreign Policy}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1177/0267323101016004005}, number={4}, journal={European Journal of Communication}, author={Robinson, P.}, year={2001}, month={Dec}, pages={523–544} }

@article{Robinson_2001b, title={Theorizing the Influence of Media on World Politics: Models of Media Influence on Foreign Policy}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1177/0267323101016004005}, number={4}, journal={European Journal of Communication}, author={Robinson, P.}, year={2001}, month={Dec}, pages={523–544} }

@book{Robinson_2002, address={London}, title={The CNN effect: the myth of news foreign policy and intervention}, url={http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=10716&entityid=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Robinson, Piers}, year={2002} }

@article{Roggeband_Vliegenthart_2007, title={Divergent framing: The public debate on migration in the Dutch parliament and media, 1995–2004}, volume={30}, DOI={10.1080/01402380701276352}, number={3}, journal={West European Politics}, author={Roggeband, Conny and Vliegenthart, Rens}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={524–548} }

@book{Ross_2002, address={Cresskill, NJ}, title={Women, politics, media: uneasy relations in comparative perspective}, volume={Hampton Press communication series. Political communication}, publisher={Hampton Press}, author={Ross, Karen}, year={2002} }

@book{Ross_Byerly_2004, address={Malden, Mass}, title={Women and media: international perspectives}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Ross, Karen and Byerly, Carolyn M.}, year={2004} }

@book{Sabato_2010, address={New York}, title={The year of Obama: how Barack Obama won the White House}, publisher={Longman}, author={Sabato, Larry}, year={2010} }

@book{Salmon_2010, address={London}, title={Communication yearbook 34}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Salmon, Charles}, year={2010} }

@misc{Scammell_2005a, title={Rethinking  the Media’s Duties to Democracy: watchdog, information and representation - draft paper}, author={Scammell, Margaret}, year={2005} }

@misc{Scammell_2005b, title={Rethinking  the Media’s Duties to Democracy: watchdog, information and representation - draft paper}, author={Scammell, Margaret}, year={2005} }

@article{Scammell_2007, title={Political Brands and Consumer Citizens: The Rebranding of Tony Blair}, volume={611}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25097916}, journal={The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science}, author={Scammell, Margaret}, year={2007}, pages={176–192} }

@book{Scammell_2014, address={New York}, title={Consumer democracy: the marketing of politics}, volume={Communication, society and politics}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139046107}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Scammell, Margaret}, year={2014} }

@article{Scheufele_1999, title={Framing as a theory of media effects}, volume={49}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02784.x}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Scheufele, DA}, year={1999}, month={Mar}, pages={103–122} }

@article{Scheufele_Tewksbury_2007, title={Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: The Evolution of Three Media Effects Models}, volume={57}, DOI={10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00326.x}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Scheufele, Dietram A. and Tewksbury, David}, year={2007}, month={Mar}, pages={9–20} }

@article{Schuck_2006, title={Between Risk and Opportunity: News Framing and its Effects on Public Support for EU Enlargement}, volume={21}, DOI={10.1177/0267323106060987}, number={1}, journal={European Journal of Communication}, author={Schuck, A. R.T.}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={5–32} }

@article{Schuck_de Vreese_2008, title={Reversed Mobilization in Referendum Campaigns: How Positive News Framing Can Mobilize the Skeptics}, volume={14}, DOI={10.1177/1940161208326926}, number={1}, journal={The International Journal of Press/Politics}, author={Schuck, A. R.T. and de Vreese, C. H.}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={40–66} }

@book{Schudson_1995a, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The power of news}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Schudson, Michael}, year={1995} }

@book{Schudson_1995b, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The power of news}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Schudson, Michael}, year={1995} }

@book{Schudson_2008, address={Cambridge}, title={Why democracies need an unlovable press}, publisher={Polity Press}, author={Schudson, Michael}, year={2008} }

@article{Seaton_2003, title={Public, Private and the Media}, volume={74}, DOI={10.1111/1467-923X.00527}, number={2}, journal={The Political Quarterly}, author={Seaton, Jean}, year={2003}, month={Apr}, pages={174–183} }

@article{Semetko_Boomgaarden_2007, title={Reporting Germany’s 2005 Bundestag Election Campaign: Was Gender an Issue?}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1177/1081180X07307383}, number={4}, journal={The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics}, author={Semetko, H. A. and Boomgaarden, H. G.}, year={2007}, month={Oct}, pages={154–171} }

@article{Semetko_Valkenburg_2000, title={Framing European politics: a content analysis of press and television news}, volume={50}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Semetko, HA and Valkenburg, PM}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={93–109} }

@book{Semetko_Scammell_2012a, address={London}, title={The SAGE handbook of political communication}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Semetko, Holli A. and Scammell, Margaret}, year={2012} }

@book{Semetko_Scammell_2012b, address={London}, title={The SAGE handbook of political communication}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Semetko, Holli A. and Scammell, Margaret}, year={2012} }

@book{Semetko_Scammell_2012c, address={London}, title={The SAGE handbook of political communication}, publisher={SAGE}, author={Semetko, Holli A. and Scammell, Margaret}, year={2012} }

@book{Shirk_2011, address={Oxford}, title={Changing media, changing China}, url={http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=602492}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Shirk, Susan L.}, year={2011} }

@book{Siebert_Peterson_Schramm_1984, address={Chicago, Ill}, title={Four theories of the press}, publisher={University of Illinois Press}, author={Siebert, Fred S. and Peterson, Theodore and Schramm, Wilbur}, year={1984} }

@article{Soroka_Andrew_Aalberg_Iyengar_Curran_Coen_Hayashi_Jones_Mazzoleni_Woong Rhee_et al._2013, title={Auntie Knows Best? Public Broadcasters and Current Affairs Knowledge}, volume={43}, DOI={10.1017/S0007123412000555}, number={04}, journal={British Journal of Political Science}, author={Soroka, Stuart and Andrew, Blake and Aalberg, Toril and Iyengar, Shanto and Curran, James and Coen, Sharon and Hayashi, Kaori and Jones, Paul and Mazzoleni, Gianpetro and Woong Rhee, June and Rowe, David and Tiffen, Rod}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={719–739} }

@book{Sreberny_Zoonen_2000a, address={Cresskill, N.J.}, title={Gender, politics and communication}, volume={The Hampton Press communication series}, publisher={Hampton Press}, author={Sreberny, Annabelle and Zoonen, Liesbet van}, year={2000} }

@book{Sreberny_Zoonen_2000b, address={Cresskill, N.J.}, title={Gender, politics and communication}, volume={The Hampton Press communication series}, publisher={Hampton Press}, author={Sreberny, Annabelle and Zoonen, Liesbet van}, year={2000} }

@book{Stanyer_2013, address={Cambridge}, title={Intimate politics: publicity, privacy and the personal lives of politicians in media-saturated democracies}, volume={Contemporary political communication}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780745676074}, publisher={Polity Press}, author={Stanyer, James}, year={2013} }

@book{Starkey_2007, address={Houndmills, Basingstoke}, title={Balance and bias in journalism: representation, regulation, and democracy}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Starkey, Guy}, year={2007} }

@article{Stockmann_Gallagher_2011, title={Remote Control: How the Media Sustain Authoritarian Rule in China}, volume={44}, DOI={10.1177/0010414010394773}, number={4}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Stockmann, D. and Gallagher, M. E.}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={436–467} }

@book{Stockmann_2013, address={Cambridge}, title={Media commercialization and authoritarian rule in china}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Stockmann, Daniela}, year={2013} }

@article{Street_2004a, title={Celebrity Politicians: Popular Culture and Political Representation}, volume={6}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-856X.2004.00149.x}, number={4}, journal={The British Journal of Politics and International Relations}, author={Street, John}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={435–452} }

@article{Street_2004b, title={Celebrity Politicians: Popular Culture and Political Representation}, volume={6}, DOI={10.1111/j.1467-856X.2004.00149.x}, number={4}, journal={The British Journal of Politics and International Relations}, author={Street, John}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={435–452} }

@book{Street_2011a, address={Basingstoke}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Mass media, politics and democracy}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Street, John}, year={2011} }

@book{Street_2011b, address={Basingstoke}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Mass media, politics and democracy}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Street, John}, year={2011} }

@book{Street_2011c, address={Basingstoke}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Mass media, politics and democracy}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Street, John}, year={2011} }

@article{Strömbäck_2005, title={In Search of a Standard: four models of democracy and their normative implications for journalism}, volume={6}, DOI={10.1080/14616700500131950}, number={3}, journal={Journalism Studies}, author={Strömbäck, Jesper}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={331–345} }

@book{Swanson_Mancini_1996, address={Westport, Conn}, title={Politics, media, and modern democracy: an international study of innovations in electoral campaigning and their consequences}, volume={Praeger series in political communication}, publisher={Praeger}, author={Swanson, David L. and Mancini, Paolo}, year={1996} }

@article{Tang_Sampson_2012, title={The interaction between mass media and the internet in non-democratic states: The case of China}, volume={34}, DOI={10.1177/0163443711436358}, number={4}, journal={Media, Culture & Society}, author={Tang, L. and Sampson, H.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={457–471} }

@book{Tewksbury_Rittenberg_2012, address={New York}, title={News on the Internet: information and citizenship in the 21st century}, volume={Oxford studies in digital politics}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195391961.001.0001}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Tewksbury, David and Rittenberg, Jason}, year={2012} }

@book{Thompson_2000, address={Cambridge}, title={Political scandal: power and visibility in the media age}, publisher={Polity Press}, author={Thompson, John B.}, year={2000} }

@article{Thrall_Stecula_Sweet_2014, title={May We Have Your Attention Please? Human-Rights NGOs and the Problem of Global Communication}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1177/1940161213519132}, number={2}, journal={The International Journal of Press/Politics}, author={Thrall, A. T. and Stecula, D. and Sweet, D.}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={135–159} }

@article{Toepfl_2011, title={Managing public outrage: Power, scandal, and new media in contemporary Russia}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1177/1461444811405021}, number={8}, journal={New Media & Society}, author={Toepfl, F.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={1301–1319} }

@article{Toepfl_2013a, title={Why do pluralistic media systems emerge? Comparing media change in the Czech Republic and in Russia after the collapse of communism}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1177/1742766513504176}, number={3}, journal={Global Media and Communication}, author={Toepfl, F.}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={239–256} }

@article{Toepfl_2013b, title={Making Sense of the News in a Hybrid Regime: How Young Russians Decode State TV and an Oppositional Blog}, volume={63}, DOI={10.1111/jcom.12018}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Toepfl, Florian}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={244–265} }

@article{Trevor Thrall_2006, title={The Myth of the Outside Strategy: Mass Media News Coverage of Interest Groups}, volume={23}, DOI={10.1080/10584600600976989}, number={4}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Trevor Thrall, A.}, year={2006}, month={Dec}, pages={407–420} }

@article{Valenzuela_Correa_2009, title={Press Coverage and Public Opinion On Women Candidates: The Case of Chile’s Michelle Bachelet}, volume={71}, DOI={10.1177/1748048508100913}, number={3}, journal={International Communication Gazette}, author={Valenzuela, S. and Correa, T.}, year={2009}, month={Apr}, pages={203–223} }

@article{Van Aelst_Sheafer_Stanyer_2012, title={The personalization of mediated political communication: A review of concepts, operationalizations and key findings}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1177/1464884911427802}, number={2}, journal={Journalism}, author={Van Aelst, P. and Sheafer, T. and Stanyer, J.}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={203–220} }

@article{Van Gorp_2005, title={Where is the Frame?: Victims and Intruders in the Belgian Press Coverage of the Asylum Issue}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1177/0267323105058253}, number={4}, journal={European Journal of Communication}, author={Van Gorp, B.}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={484–507} }

@article{Van Gorp_2007, title={The Constructionist Approach to Framing: Bringing Culture Back In}, volume={57}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00329.x/abstract}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Van Gorp, Baldwin}, year={2007}, month={Mar}, pages={60–78} }

@article{Van Leuven_Joye_2014, title={Civil Society Organizations at the Gates? A Gatekeeping Study of News Making Efforts by NGOs and Government Institutions}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1177/1940161213514615}, number={2}, journal={The International Journal of Press/Politics}, author={Van Leuven, S. and Joye, S.}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={160–180} }

@book{Vavreck_2009, address={Princeton, NJ}, title={The message matters: the economy and presidential campaigns}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781400830480}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Vavreck, Lynn}, year={2009} }

@article{Vliegenthart_van Zoonen_2011, title={Power to the frame: Bringing sociology back to frame analysis}, volume={26}, DOI={10.1177/0267323111404838}, number={2}, journal={European Journal of Communication}, author={Vliegenthart, R. and van Zoonen, L.}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={101–115} }

@book{Voltmer_2006a, address={London}, title={Mass media and political communication in new democracies}, volume={Routledge/ECPR studies in European political science}, url={http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780203328668}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Voltmer, Katrin}, year={2006} }

@book{Voltmer_2006b, address={London}, title={Mass media and political communication in new democracies}, volume={Routledge/ECPR studies in European political science}, url={http://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=University%20of%20Glasgow&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203328668}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Voltmer, Katrin}, year={2006} }

@book{Voltmer_2013a, address={Cambridge}, title={The media in transitional democracies}, volume={Contemporary political communication}, url={http://www.GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1315630}, publisher={Polity}, author={Voltmer, Katrin}, year={2013} }

@book{Voltmer_2013b, address={Cambridge}, title={The media in transitional democracies}, volume={Contemporary political communication}, url={http://www.GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1315630}, publisher={Polity}, author={Voltmer, Katrin}, year={2013} }

@book{Voltmer_2013c, address={Cambridge}, title={The media in transitional democracies}, volume={Contemporary political communication}, url={http://www.GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1315630}, publisher={Polity}, author={Voltmer, Katrin}, year={2013} }

@book{Vreese_2007, address={Basingstoke}, title={The dynamics of referendum campaigns: an international perspective}, url={https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780230591189}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Vreese, C. H. de}, year={2007} }

@book{Vreese_Semetko_2004, address={London}, title={Political campaigning in referendums: framing the referendum issue}, volume={Routledge research in political communication}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Vreese, C. H. de and Semetko, Holli A.}, year={2004} }

@article{Waisbord_2013, title={Democracy, journalism, and Latin American populism}, volume={14}, DOI={10.1177/1464884912464178}, number={4}, journal={Journalism}, author={Waisbord, S.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={504–521} }

@article{Waisbord_2007, title={Democratic Journalism and "Statelessness”}, volume={24}, DOI={10.1080/10584600701312837}, number={2}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Waisbord, Silvio}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={115–129} }

@article{Waisbord_2011, title={Can NGOs Change the News?}, volume={5}, url={http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/787/515}, journal={International Journal of Communication}, author={Waisbord, Silvio}, year={2011} }

@article{Walgrave_Soroka_Nuytemans_2007, title={The Mass Media’s Political Agenda-Setting Power: A Longitudinal Analysis of Media, Parliament, and Government in Belgium (1993 to 2000)}, volume={41}, DOI={10.1177/0010414006299098}, number={6}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Walgrave, S. and Soroka, S. and Nuytemans, M.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={814–836} }

@article{Walgrave_Van Aelst_2006, title={The Contingency of the Mass Media’s Political Agenda Setting Power: Toward a Preliminary Theory}, volume={56}, DOI={10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00005.x}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Communication}, author={Walgrave, Stefaan and Van Aelst, Peter}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={88–109} }

@article{Wasburn_Wasburn_2011, title={Media coverage of women in politics: The curious case of Sarah Palin}, volume={33}, DOI={10.1177/0163443711415744}, number={7}, journal={Media, Culture & Society}, author={Wasburn, P. C. and Wasburn, M. H.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={1027–1041} }

@book{Wattenberg_1991, address={Cambridge, Mass}, title={The rise of candidate-centered politics: presidential elections of the 1980s}, publisher={Harvard University Press}, author={Wattenberg, Martin P.}, year={1991} }

@misc{22AD, title={An international comparison of funding models and performance}, url={https://www3.ebu.ch/contents/publications/presentations/public-service-broadcasting-an-1.html}, author={Westminster Media Forum and Nordicity}, year={22AD} }

@book{Wolfsfeld_1997, address={Cambridge}, title={Media and political conflict: news from the Middle East}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Wolfsfeld, Gadi}, year={1997} }

@book{Wolfsfeld_2011a, address={New York}, title={Making sense of media and politics: five principles in political communication}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203839874}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Wolfsfeld, Gadi}, year={2011} }

@book{Wolfsfeld_2011b, address={New York}, title={Making sense of media and politics: five principles in political communication}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203839874}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Wolfsfeld, Gadi}, year={2011} }

@book{Wolfsfeld_2011c, address={New York}, title={Making sense of media and politics: five principles in political communication}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203839874}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Wolfsfeld, Gadi}, year={2011} }

@book{Wolfsfeld_2011d, address={New York}, title={Making sense of media and politics: five principles in political communication}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203839874}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Wolfsfeld, Gadi}, year={2011} }

@book{Wolfsfeld_2011e, address={New York}, title={Making sense of media and politics: five principles in political communication}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780203839874}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Wolfsfeld, Gadi}, year={2011} }

@article{Yanovitzky_2002, title={Effects of News Coverage on Policy Attention and Actions: A Closer Look Into the Media-Policy Connection}, volume={29}, DOI={10.1177/0093650202029004003}, number={4}, journal={Communication Research}, author={Yanovitzky, I.}, year={2002}, month={Aug}, pages={422–451} }

@article{Yuezhi_2000, title={Watchdogs on Party Leashes? Contexts and implications of investigative journalism in post-Deng China}, volume={1}, DOI={10.1080/146167000441312}, number={4}, journal={Journalism Studies}, author={Yuezhi, Zhou}, year={2000}, month={Jan}, pages={577–597} }

@article{Zaller_2003, title={A New Standard of News Quality: Burglar Alarms for the Monitorial Citizen}, volume={20}, DOI={10.1080/10584600390211136}, number={2}, journal={Political Communication}, author={Zaller, John}, year={2003}, month={Apr}, pages={109–130} }

@article{Zhu_Lu_Shi_2013, title={When Grapevine News Meets Mass Media: Different Information Sources and Popular Perceptions of Government Corruption in Mainland China}, volume={46}, DOI={10.1177/0010414012463886}, number={8}, journal={Comparative Political Studies}, author={Zhu, J. and Lu, J. and Shi, T.}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={920–946} }

@article{van Zoonen_2006, title={The personal, the political and the popular: A woman’s guide to celebrity politics}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1177/1367549406066074}, number={3}, journal={European Journal of Cultural Studies}, author={van Zoonen, L.}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={287–301} }

@book{Zoonen_2005a, address={Lanham, Md}, title={Entertaining the citizen: when politics and popular culture converge}, volume={Critical media studies}, publisher={Rowman & Littlefield}, author={Zoonen, Liesbet van}, year={2005} }

@book{Zoonen_2005b, address={Lanham, Md}, title={Entertaining the citizen: when politics and popular culture converge}, volume={Critical media studies}, publisher={Rowman & Littlefield}, author={Zoonen, Liesbet van}, year={2005} }

@book{Zoonen_2005c, address={Lanham, Md}, title={Entertaining the citizen: when politics and popular culture converge}, volume={Critical media studies}, publisher={Rowman & Littlefield}, author={Zoonen, Liesbet van}, year={2005} }

@article{Parliamentary Affairs: Special issue on ‘Public Images, Private Lives’_2004, volume={57}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/1.toc}, number={1}, year={2004} }

@book{Gross_Jakubowicz_2013, address={Lanham}, title={Media transformations in the post-communist world: Eastern Europe’s tortured path to change}, publisher={Lexington}, year={2013} }

@misc{Media Ownership Reform_2014, url={http://www.mediareform.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/FULL-PDF.pdf}, publisher={Media Reform Coalition}, year={2014} }

@misc{What If There Were No BBC Television? The Net Impact on UK Viewers. Reuters Institue for the Study of Journalism, url={http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/publication/what-if-there-were-no-bbc-television} }

@misc{The Absence of Trust James Murdoch’s MacTaggart speech, url={http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/opinion/james-murdochs-mactaggart-speech/5004990.article} }

@misc{Public Service Broadcasting/ Media | LSE Media Policy Project, url={http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mediapolicyproject/category/public-service-broadcasting-media/} }

@misc{Ofcom, url={http://www.ofcom.org.uk/} }

@misc{News consumption in the UK - 2013 report | Ofcom, url={http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/market-data-research/other/tv-research/news-2013/} }

@misc{Reuters Institute for the study of Journalism, url={http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/} }

@article{American Behavioral Scientist: Special issue on ‘Political Scandals & Media, vol 1., volume={47}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://abs.sagepub.com/content/47/8.toc}, pages={1031–1039} }

@article{American Behavioral Scientist: Special issue on ‘Political Scandals & Media’, vol. 2, volume={47}, url={http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://abs.sagepub.com/content/47/9.toc}, pages={1143–1152} }

@misc{Counting Women In - Centre for Women and Democracy, url={http://www.cfwd.org.uk/current-projects/counting-women-in} }

@misc{Women and Journalism | Reuters Institute for the study of Journalism, url={https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/publication/women-and-journalism} }