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C. Kelly, The Roman Empire: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006 [Online]. Available: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780192803917.001.0001
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Alec Nove, An economic history of the USSR, 1917-1991, 3rd ed. London: Penguin Books, 1992.
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Geoffrey Roberts, ‘The Soviet Decision for a Pact with Nazi Germany’, Soviet Studies, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 57–78, 1992 [Online]. Available: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/152247
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Cynthia A. Roberts, ‘Planning for War: The Red Army and the Catastrophe of 1941’, Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 1293–1326, 1995 [Online]. Available: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/153299
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Geoff Swain and Nigel Swain, Eastern Europe since 1945, 4th ed., vol. Series: Making of the modern world. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
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David Christian, Imperial and Soviet Russia: power, privilege, and the challenge of modernity. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997.
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Paul Dukes, A history of Russia: medieval, modern, contemporary, c. 882-1996, 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998.
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Daniel Chirot, The Origins of backwardness in Eastern Europe: economics and politics from the Middle Ages until the early twentieth century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989 [Online]. Available: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.04981
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R. J. Crampton, Eastern Europe in the twentieth century - and after, 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1997 [Online]. Available: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=169816
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Jâanos Kornai, The socialist system: the political economy of communism. Oxford: Clarendon, 1992 [Online]. Available: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0198287763.001.0001
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David Lane, The rise and fall of state socialism: industrial society and the socialist state. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1996.
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Nikolai K. Novak-Deker, Soviet youth: twelve komsomol histories. Munich: Institute for the Study of the USSR, 1959.
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James D. White, The Russian Revolution, 1917-1921: a short history. London: Edward Arnold, 1994.
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