Bibliography for Mongols and the West 2.0 BETA

1.

Jackson P. The Mongols and the west, 1221-1410. Vol. The medieval world. Harlow, England: Pearson Longman; 2005.

2.

Morgan D. The Mongols. 2nd ed. Vol. The peoples of Europe. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishing; 2007.

3.

Jackson P. The Mongols and Europe. In: Abulafia D, editor. The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 5: c1198-c1300 [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999. p. 703–19. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362894

4.

Sinor D. The Mongols in the West. Journal of Asian History [Internet]. 1999;33(1):1–44. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41933117

5.

Sinor D. The Mongols and Western Europe. In: Setton KM, editor. A history of the Crusades, vol III. 2nd ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; 1975. p. 513–44.

6.

Kẹdar BZ, Wiesner ME, editors. The Cambridge world history: Volume 5: Expanding webs of exchange and conflict, 500CE-1500CE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2015.

7.

Di Cosmo N, Frank AJ, Golden PB, editors. The Cambridge History of Inner Asia: The Chinggisid Age [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2009. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHO9781139056045

8.

Ho C. Thirteenth and Fourteenth Century European-Mongol Relations. History Compass. 2012;10(12):946–68.

9.

Abu-Lughod JL. Before European hegemony: the world system A.D. 1250-1350. New York: Oxford University Press; 1989.

10.

Linehan P, Nelson JL, Dawson Books. The medieval world [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2001. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315016207

11.

Biran M. The Mongol Empire in World History: The State of the Field. History Compass. 2013 Nov;11(11):1021–33.

12.

Ruotsala A. Europeans and Mongols in the middle of the thirteenth century: encountering the other. Vol. Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian toimituksia. Sarja Humaniora. [Helsinki]: The Finnish Academy of Science and Letters; 2001.

13.

Medieval Academy of America. Mission to Asia. Dawson C, editor. Vol. Medieval Academy reprints for teaching. Toronto: Published by University of Toronto Press in association with the Medieval Academy of America; 2008.

14.

Rossabi M. The Mongols and global history: a Norton documents reader. 1st ed. Vol. Norton documents reader series. New York: W.W. Norton; 2011.

15.

Yule H, Cordier H. Cathay and the way thither: being a collection of medieval notices of China. New ed. London: Printed for the Hakluyt society; 1913.

16.

Paris M, Giles JA. Matthew Paris’s English history: from the year 1235 to 1273 [Internet]. London: Bohn; 1852. Available from: https://archive.org/details/matthewparissen01rishgoog

17.

Thomas of Spalato. Historia Salonitanorum atque Spalatinorum pontificum - History of the Bishops of Salona and Split [Internet]. Perić O, Karbić D, Matijević-Sokol M, Sweeney JR, editors. Budapest: Central European University Press; 2006. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/reader.action?docID=3137225&ppg=1

18.

Polo M. The travels of Marco Polo. Latham R, editor. London: Penguin Books; 1958.

19.

Rogerius. Gesta Hungarorum [Internet]. English ed. Rady MC, Veszprémy L, Bak JM, editors. Vol. Central European medieval texts. Budapest: Central European University Press; 2010. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3137319

20.

Yule H, Odorico. The travels of Friar Odoric. Vol. Italian texts and studies on religion and society. Grand Rapids, Mich: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co; 2002.

21.

Fischel WJ. A New Latin Source on Tamerlane’s Conquest of Damascus (1400/1401): (B. de Mignanelli’s ‘Vita Tamerlani’ 1416). Oriens [Internet]. 1956;9(2):201–32. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1579274

22.

Boyle JA. Rashid al-Din: the First World Historian. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society [Internet]. 1969;17(4). Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1301939363?accountid=14540

23.

Gregory G. Guzman. The Encyclopedist Vincent of Beauvais and His Mongol Extracts from John of Plano Carpini and Simon of Saint-Quentin. Speculum [Internet]. 1974;49(2):287–307. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2856045

24.

Kamila S. History and legend in the Jāmi` al-tawārikh: Abraham, Alexander, and Oghuz Khan. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society [Internet]. 2015;25(4):555–77. Available from: https://www-cambridge-org.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/history-and-legend-in-the-jami-altawarikh-abraham-alexander-and-oghuz-khan/05357D3D9C83AC818CE360524D5D2495

25.

Müller WK. Yü Da-Djün: On the Dating of the Secret History of the Mongols. Monumenta Serica. 1986 Jan;37(1):277–303.

26.

de Rachewiltz I. Some Remarks on the Dating of the Secret History of the Mongols. Monumenta Serica. 1965 Jan;24(1):185–206.

27.

Bartlett R. The making of Europe: conquest, colonization and cultural change 950-1350. London: Penguin Books; 1994.

28.

Bentley JH. Cross-Cultural Interaction and Periodization in World History. The American Historical Review [Internet]. 1996;101(3):749–70. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2169422

29.

Bentley JH, American Council of Learned Societies. Old World encounters: cross-cultural contacts and exchanges in pre-modern times [Internet]. New York: Oxford University Press; 1993. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.30958

30.

Edson E, Savage-Smith E. Medieval views of the Cosmos. Oxford: Bodleian Library; 2004.

31.

Muldoon J. Popes, lawyers, and infidels: the Church and the non-Christian world, 1250-1550. Vol. The Middle Ages. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1979.

32.

Abu-Lughod JL. Before European hegemony: the world system A.D. 1250-1350. New York: Oxford University Press; 1989.

33.

Linehan P, Nelson JL, Dawson Books. The medieval world [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2001. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781315016207

34.

Phillips JRS, Oxford University Press. The medieval expansion of Europe [Internet]. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon; 1998. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207405.001.0001

35.

Walter de Gruyter & Co. Handbook of medieval culture: fundamental aspects and conditions of the European Middle Ages, Volume 1 [Internet]. Classen A, editor. Berlin: De Gruyter; 2015. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/179332

36.

Koss N. The best and fairest land: images of China in medieval Europe. Taipei: Bookman Books; 1999.

37.

Rachewiltz I de. Some remarks on the ideological foundations of Chingis Khan’s empire. Papers on Far Eastern History [Internet]. 1973;7:21–36. Available from: https://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/rachewiltz/Rachewiltz_Some%20Remarks%20on%20the%20Ideological%20Foundations%201973.pdf

38.

Aigle D. The Mongol Empire between myth and reality: studies in anthropological history. Vol. Iran studies. Leiden: Brill; 2015.

39.

Allsen TT. Population Movements in Mongol Eurasia. In: Amitai R, Biran M, editors. Nomads as agents of cultural change: the Mongols and their Eurasian predecessors [Internet]. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press; 2015. p. 119–51. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3413788

40.

Allsen TT. Ever Closer Encounters: the Appropriation of Culture and the Apportionment of Peoples in the Mongol Empire. Journal of Early Modern History [Internet]. 1997 Jan 1;1(1):2–23. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jemh/1/1/article-p2_2.xml

41.

Allsen TT. Guard and Government in the Reign of The Grand Qan Möngke, 1251-59. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies [Internet]. 1986;46(2):495–521. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2719141

42.

Power A. Encounters in the Ruins: Latin Captives, Franciscan Friars and the Dangers of Religious Plurality in the early Mongol Empire. In: Methuen C, Spicer A, Wolffe J, editors. Christianity and religious plurality. Woodbridge: Published for The Ecclesiastical Society by The Boydell Press; 2015.

43.

Allsen TT. Mongol imperialism: the policies of the Grand Qan Möngke in China, Russia, and the Islamic lands, 1251-1259. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1987.

44.

Jackson P. From Ulus to Khanate: the making of the Mongol states, c.1220-c.1290. In: Amitai-Preiss R, Morgan D, editors. The Mongol empire and its legacy. Leiden: Brill; 1999. p. 12–38.

45.

Watson AJ. Mongol inhospitality, or how to do more with less? Gift giving in William of Rubruck’s. Journal of Medieval History. 2011 Mar;37(1):90–101.

46.

Marshall R. Storm from the East: from Genghis Khan to Khubilai Khan. London: BBC; 1993.

47.

Allsen TT. Culture and conquest in Mongol Eurasia. Vol. Cambridge studies in Islamic civilization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2001.

48.

Morgan D. The Decline and Fall of the Mongol Empire. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 2009;19(04).

49.

Komaroff L, editor. Beyond the legacy of Genghis Khan. Leiden: Brill; 2013.

50.

Subrahmanyam S. Mughals and Franks. Vol. Explorations in connected history. New Delhi: Oxford University Press; 2011.

51.

Amitai-Preiss R, Morgan DO, editors. The Mongol Empire and its Legacy. Vol. Islamic history and civilization. Leiden: Brill; 1999.

52.

Allsen TT. Ever Closer Encounters: the Appropriation of Culture and the Apportionment of Peoples in the Mongol Empire. Journal of Early Modern History. 1997 Jan 1;1(1):2–23.

53.

Baumer C. The history of Central Asia: Volume three: The Age of Islam and the Mongols. London: I.B. Tauris; 2016.

54.

Amitai-Preiss R. Mongol imperial ideology and the Ilkhanid war against the Mamluks. In: Amitai-Preiss R, Morgan DO, editors. The Mongol empire and its legacy. Leiden: Brill; 1999.

55.

Rachewiltz I de. Some remarks on the ideological foundations of Chingis Khan’s empire. Papers on Far Eastern History [Internet]. 1973;7:21–36. Available from: https://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/rachewiltz/Rachewiltz_Some%20Remarks%20on%20the%20Ideological%20Foundations%201973.pdf

56.

Golden PB. Imperial Ideology and the Sources of Political Unity Amongst the Pre-Cinggisid Nomads of Western Eurasia. Nomads and their neighbours in the Russian steppe: Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs. 2003;Variorum collected studies series.

57.

Ratchnevsky P. Genghis Khan, his life and legacy. Haining TN, editor. Oxford: Blackwell; 1991.

58.

Rossabi M. Khubilai Khan: his life and times. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1987.

59.

Sela R. The Legendary Biographies of Tamerlane: Islam and Heroic Apocrypha in Central Asia [Internet]. Vol. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2011. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511977343

60.

Kortüm HH, editor. Transcultural wars from the Middle Ages to the 21st century [Internet]. Berlin: Akademie; 2006. Available from: http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1348821

61.

May T. The Mongol Art of War and the Tsunami Strategy. Golden Horde Civilisation [Internet]. 2015;8:31–8. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/16167427/The_Mongol_Art_of_War_and_the_Tsunami_Strategy

62.

May T. The Chinggis Exchange: the Mongol Empire and Global Impact on Warfare. World History Connected [Internet]. 12(1). Available from: http://worldhistoryconnected.press.illinois.edu/12.1/forum_may.html

63.

Krämer F, Schmidt K, Singer J, editors. Historicizing the ‘Beyond’: the Mongolian invasion as a new dimension of violence? Vol. Heidelberg transcultural studies. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter; 2011.

64.

Smith Jr. JM. Demographic Considerations in Mongol Siege Warfare. Archivum Ottomanicum. 1993;13:329–34.

65.

Smith, Jr. JM. Ayn Jālūt: Mamlūk Sucess or Mongol Failure? Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies [Internet]. 1984;44(2):307–45. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2719035

66.

Raphael K. Mongol Siege Warfare on the Banks of the Euphrates and the Question of Gunpowder (1260-1312). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society [Internet]. 2009;19(3):355–70. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27756073

67.

May T. The Training of an Inner Asian Nomad Army in the Pre-Modern Period. The Journal of Military History. 2006;70(3):617–35.

68.

Haining T. The Mongols and religion. Asian Affairs. 1986 Feb;17(1):19–32.

69.

Jackson P. The Mongols and the Faith of the Conquered. In: Amital R, Biran M, editors. Mongols, Turks, And Others. Brill Academic Publishers; 2004. p. 245–90.

70.

Ryan JD. Preaching Christianity Along the Silk Route: Missionary Outposts in the Tartar ‘Middle Kingdom’ in the Fourteenth Century. Journal of Early Modern History. 1998;2(4):350–73.

71.

Power A. Encounters in the Ruins: Latin Captives, Franciscan Friars and the Dangers of Religious Plurality in the early Mongol Empire. In: Methuen C, Spicer A, Wolffe J, editors. Christianity and religious plurality. Woodbridge: Published for The Ecclesiastical Society by The Boydell Press; 2015.

72.

Hamilton B. Western Christian Contacts with Buddhism. In: Methuen C, Spicer A, Wolffe J, editors. Christianity and religious plurality. Woodbridge: Published for The Ecclesiastical Society by The Boydell Press; 2015.

73.

DeWeese DA. Islamization and native religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tükles and conversion to Islam in historical and epic tradition. Vol. Hermeneutics, studies in the history of religions. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press; 1994.

74.

Jackson P. The Mongols and the Faith of the Conquered. In: Amital R, Biran M, editors. Mongols, Turks, And Others. Brill Academic Publishers; 2004. p. 245–90.

75.

Foster J. Crosses from the Walls of Zaitun. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. 1954;86(1–2):1–25.

76.

Gardner I, Lieu SNC, Parry K. From Palmyra to Zayton: epigraphy and iconography. Vol. Silk road studies. Turnhout: Brepols; 2005.

77.

Parry K. Angels and Apsaras: Christian Tombstones from Quanzhou. TAASA Review [The Journal of the Asian Arts Society of Australia] [Internet]. 2003;12(2):4–5. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=ea40801b-dd40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

78.

Tang L. Mongol Responses to Christianity in China: A Yuan Dynasty Phenomenon. Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series [Internet]. 2006;63:3–24. Available from: http://www.ari.nus.edu.sg/wps/wps06_063.pdf

79.

Aigle D. The Letters of Eljigidei, Hülegü, and Abaqa: Mongol Overtures or Christian Ventriloquism? Inner Asia [Internet]. 2005;7(2):143–62. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23615692

80.

Meyvaert P. An Unknown Letter of Hulagu, Il-Khan of Persia, to King Louis IX of France. Viator. 1980 Jan;11:245–60.

81.

Voegelin E. The Mongol orders of submission to European powers, 1245–1255. Byzantion. 1941;15:378–413.

82.

L. Lockhart. The Relations between Edward I and Edward II of England and the Mongol Īl-Khāns of Persia. Iran [Internet]. 1968;6:23–31. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299598

83.

Amitai R. Edward of England and Abagha Ilkhan. A Reexamination of a failed attempt at Mongol- Frankish cooperation. In: Gervers M, Powell JM, editors. Tolerance and intolerance: social conflict in the age of the Crusades. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press; 2001. p. 75–82.

84.

Jacques Paviot. England and the Mongols (c. 1260-1330). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society [Internet]. 2000;10(3):305–18. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25188032

85.

Ryan JD. Missionary saints of the high middle ages: martyrdom, popular veneration, and canonization. The Catholic Historical Review [Internet]. 2004;90(1). Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA117040866&v=2.1&u=glasuni&it=r&p=EAIM&sw=w&asid=6789ee52dcb3dec72a5bdc9e58d538eb

86.

Rossabi M. Voyager from Xanadu: Rabban Sauma and the first journey from China to the West. 1st ed. Tokyo: Kodansha International; 1992.

87.

Markham C, editor. Narrative of the Embassy of Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo to the Court of Timour at Samarcand, A.D. 1403-6 [Internet]. London: Hakluyt Society; Available from: https://archive.org/stream/narrativeembass00markgoog#page/n14/mode/2up

88.

Budge EAW, editor. The monks of Ḳûblâi Khân, emperor of China or, The history of the life and travels of Rabban Ṣâwmâ, envoy and plentipotentiary of the Mongol khâns to the kings of Europe, and Marḳôs who as Mâr Yahbh-Allâhâ III became patriarch of the Nestorian church in Asia [Internet]. London: Religious Tract Society; 1928. Available from: https://pages.uoregon.edu/sshoemak/324/texts/monks_of_kubla_khan.htm

89.

Roest B. Medieval Franciscan Mission: History and Concept. In: Bekkum W van, Cobb PM, editors. Strategies of medieval communal identity. Leuven: Peeters; 2003. p. 137–62.

90.

Mason R. The Mongol Mission and Kyivan Rus. Ukrainian Quarterly. 1993;49(4):385–402.

91.

Phillips JRS. The eastern missions. In: The Medieval Expansion of Europe [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 1998. p. 78–95. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207405.001.0001/acprof-9780198207405-chapter-5

92.

Mary Dienes. Eastern Missions of the Hungarian Dominicans in the First Half of the Thirteenth Century. Isis [Internet]. 1937;27(2):225–41. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/225412

93.

De Rachewiltz I. Papal envoys to the great Khans. Vol. Great travellers. London: Faber and Faber Ltd; 1971.

94.

Ryan J. Nicholas IV and the evolution of the eastern missionary effort. Archivum historiae pontificiae [Internet]. 1981;19:79–95. Available from: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jUEYeZfWXsYC&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=%22Nicholas+IV+and+the+evolution+of+the+eastern+missionary+effort%22&source=bl&ots=rJNMjpsJei&sig=EGUW8tpK23lkPfvW2aPSA65n8sk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiU9pvQgYfLAhVBaRQKHT3xBS0Q6AEIODAH#v=onepage&q=%22Nicholas%20IV%20and%20the%20evolution%20of%20the%20eastern%20missionary%20effort%22&f=false

95.

Jackson P. Early missions to the Mongols: Carpini and his contemporaries. Annual report. 1994;14–32.

96.

Guzman GG. Simon of Saint-Quentin and the Dominican Mission to the Mongol Baiju: A Reappraisal. Speculum. 1971 Apr;46(2).

97.

Dawson C. The Mongol mission: narratives and letters of the Franciscan missionaries in Mongolia and China in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Vol. Makers of Christendom series. London: Sheed & Ward; 1955.

98.

Guzman GG. European clerical envoys to the Mongols: Reports of Western merchants in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 1231–1255. Journal of Medieval History. 1996;22(1):53–67.

99.

Ryan J. To Baptize Khans or to Convert Peoples? Missionary Aims in Central Asia in the Fourteenth Century. In: Armstrong G, Wood IN, editors. Christianizing peoples and converting individuals: [Selected proceedings of the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, 1997]. Turnhout: Brepols; 2000. p. 247–57.

100.

Ruotsala A. Europeans and Mongols in the middle of the thirteenth century: encountering the other. Vol. Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian toimituksia. Sarja Humaniora. [Helsinki]: The Finnish Academy of Science and Letters; 2001.

101.

Guzman GG. Christian Europe and Mongol Asia: First Medieval Intercultural Contact Between East and West. Essays in Medieval Studies [Internet]. 1985;2:227–44. Available from: http://www.illinoismedieval.org/ems/EMSpdf/V2/V2Guzman.pdf

102.

Ryan JD. Preaching Christianity Along the Silk Route: Missionary Outposts in the Tartar ‘Middle Kingdom’ in the Fourteenth Century. Journal of Early Modern History. 1998 Jan 1;2(4):350–73.

103.

Jackson P. William of Rubruck in the Mongol Empire: perception and prejudices. In: Martels Z von, editor. Travel fact and travel fiction: studies on fiction, literary tradition, scholarly discovery, and observation in travel writing. Leiden: E.J. Brill; 1994. p. 54–71.

104.

Sinor D. John of Plano Carpini’s Return from the Mongols. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. 1957;89(3–4):193–206.

105.

Cultural Brokers between Religions. Border-Crossers and Experts at Mediterranean Courts. Cultural brokers at Mediterranean courts in the Middle Ages. Höh M von der, Jaspert N, Oesterle JR, editors. Vol. Mittelmeerstudien. München: Wilhelm Fink; 2013.

106.

Allen R, editor. Eastward bound: travel and travellers, 1050-1550. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 2004.

107.

Ryan JD. European Travelers before Columbus: The Fourteenth Century’s Discovery of India. The Catholic Historical Review [Internet]. 1993;79(4):648–70. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25024143

108.

Allsen TT. Mongolian Princes and Their Merchant Partners, 1200-1260. Asia Major [Internet]. 1989;2(2):83–126. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41645437

109.

Biran M. The Mongol Empire and inter-civilizational exchange. In: Kedar BZ, Wiesner-Hanks M, editors. The Cambridge World History [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2015. p. 534–58. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511667480%23CT-bp-20/type/book_part

110.

Campbell MB. The Utter East: Merchant and Missionary Travels during the ‘Mongol Peace’. In: The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel Writing, 400-1600 [Internet]. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; 1988. p. 87–121. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03193

111.

Lopez RS. China Silk in Europe in the Yuan Period. Journal of the American Oriental Society [Internet]. 1952;72(2):72–6. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/595832

112.

Previato T. Pre-modern Globalization and Islamic Networks under Mongol Rule: Some Preliminary Considerations on the Spreading of Sufi Knowledge in Gansu-Qinghai. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 2016 Apr 2;36(2):235–66.

113.

Jacoby D. Marino Sanudo Torsello on Trade Routes, Commodities, and Taxation. In: Travellers, merchants and settlers in the eastern Mediterranean, 11th-14th centuries. Farnham: Ashgate Variorum; 2014. p. 184–97.

114.

Ryan JD. Preaching Christianity Along the Silk Route: Missionary Outposts in the Tartar ‘Middle Kingdom’ in the Fourteenth Century. Journal of Early Modern History. 1998;2(4):350–73.

115.

Kupfer M. The Lost Wheel Map of Ambrogio Lorenzetti. The Art Bulletin [Internet]. 1996;78(2):286–310. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3046176

116.

Kinoshita S. The Painter, the Warrior, and the Sultan: The World of Marco Polo in Three Portraits. The Medieval Globe [Internet]. 2016;2(1):101–28. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/22516484/The_Medieval_Globe_The_Painter_the_Warrior_and_the_Sultan_The_World_of_Marco_Polo_in_Three_Portraits

117.

Espada AG. Marco Polo, Odorico of Pordenone, the Crusades, and the Role of the Vernacular in the First Descriptions of the Indies. Viator. 2009;40(1):201–22.

118.

Carswell J. More About The Mongols: Chinese Porcelain From Asia To Europe. Asian Affairs. 2005 Jul;36(2):158–68.

119.

Hourihane C. Interactions: artistic interchange between the Eastern and Western worlds in the Medieval period. Vol. The index of Christian Art occasional papers. Princeton: Index of Christian Art, Department of Art & Archæology, Princeton University; 2007.

120.

Kuroda A. The Eurasian silver century, 1276–1359: commensurability and multiplicity. Journal of Global History. 2009 Jul;4(02).

121.

Lopez RS. European Merchants in Mediaeval India. The Journal of Economic History [Internet]. 1943;3(2):164–84. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2113495

122.

Phillips JRS. European merchants and the East. In: The Medieval Expansion of Europe [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 1998. p. 96–114. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207405.001.0001/acprof-9780198207405-chapter-6

123.

Di Cosmo N. Black Sea Emporia and the Mongol Empire: A Reassessment of the Pax Mongolica. Journal of the Economic & Social History of the Orient [Internet]. 2010;53(1):83–108. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=45694064&site=ehost-live

124.

Prazniak R. Siena on the Silk Roads: Ambrogio Lorenzetti and the Mongol Global Century, 1250–1350. Journal of World History. 2010;21(2):177–217.

125.

Morton AH. Ghurid Gold en route to England? Iran [Internet]. 1978;16:167–70. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299657

126.

Jean Richard. European Voyages in the Indian Ocean and Caspian Sea (12th-15th Centuries). Iran [Internet]. 1968;6:45–52. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299600

127.

Franke H. Sino-Western Contacts Under the Mongol Empire. In: China under Mongol rule [Internet]. Aldershot: Variorum; 1994. p. 49–72. Available from: http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/ba238c350f88e040d5c64d8cb722f1d0.pdf

128.

Allsen TT. Commodity and exchange in the Mongol empire: a cultural history of Islamic textiles. Vol. Cambridge studies in Islamic civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1997.

129.

Grierson P. Muslim coins in thirteenth-century England. In: Kouymijan DJ, editor. Near Eastern Numismatics, Iconography, Epigraphy and History Studies in Honour of George C Miles. Beirut; 1974. p. 387–91.

130.

Jacoby D. Marco Polo, His Close Relatives, and His Travel Account: Some New Insights. Mediterranean Historical Review. 2006;21(2):193–218.

131.

Peter Jackson. Marco Polo and His ‘Travels’. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London [Internet]. 1998;61(1):82–101. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3107293

132.

Larner J. Marco Polo and the discovery of the world. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1999.

133.

Wolfe AC. Marco Polo: Factotum, Auditor. Language and Political Culture in the Mongol World Empire. Literature Compass. 2014;11(7):409–22.

134.

Polo M. The travels of Marco Polo. Latham R, editor. London: Penguin Books; 1958.

135.

Francis Balducci Pegolotti. Notices of the Land Route to Cathay and of Asiatic Trade in the First Half of the Fourteenth Century. In: Cathay and the Way Thither Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China [Internet]. London; 1915. p. 279–308. Available from: https://archive.org/stream/cathayandwaythi00marigoog#page/n68/mode/2up

136.

Sanudo Torsello M. The book of the secrets of the faithful of the cross [Internet]. Lock P, editor. Vol. v. 21. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate; 2011. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=655469

137.

Mandeville J. The book of John Mandeville, with related texts. Higgins IM, editor. Indianapolis, Ind: Hackett Publishing Company; 2011.

138.

Folda J. Crusader Artistic Interactions with the Mongols in the Thirteenth Century: Figural Imagery, Weapons, and the Cintamani Design. In: Hourihane C, editor. Interactions: artistic interchange between the Eastern and Western worlds in the Medieval period. Princeton, New Jersey: Index of Christian Art, Department of Art & Arch©Œology, Princeton University; 2007. p. 147–66.

139.

Amitai R, Biran M, editors. Nomads as agents of cultural change: the Mongols and their Eurasian predecessors [Internet]. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press; 2015. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3413788

140.

Mack RE. Bazaar to piazza: Islamic trade and Italian art, 1300-1600. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 2002.

141.

Olschki L. Asiatic Exoticism in Italian Art of the Early Renaissance. The Art Bulletin. 1944 Jun;26(2).

142.

Purtle J. The Far Side: Expatriate Medieval Art and Its Languages in Sino-Mongol China. Medieval Encounters. 2011;17(1–2):167–97.

143.

Arnold L. Princely gifts and papal treasures: the Franciscan mission to China and its influence on the art of the West, 1250-1350. San Francisco: Desiderata; 1999.

144.

Monnas L. Merchants, princes and painters: silk fabrics in Italian and northern paintings, 1300-1550. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press; 2008.

145.

Rossabi M. Behind the Silk Screen: Movements of Weavers in Asia, Seventh to Fourteenth Centuries. Orientations. 1998;29(3).

146.

Tanaka H. Fourteenth Century Sienese Painting and Mongolian and Chinese Influences: The Analysis of Simone Martini’s Works and Ambrogio Lorenzetti’s Major Works. Bijutsushigaku = Art History (Tohoku University). 1985;7:163–90.

147.

Tanaka A. Oriental Scripts in the Paintings of Giotto Period. Gazette des beaux-arts. 1989;113:214–26.

148.

Wardwell AE. Panni Tartarici: Eastern Islamic Silks Woven with Gold and Silver (13th and 14th Centuries). In: Islamic Art: Vol 3. 1999. p. 95–173.

149.

Giffney N. Monstrous Mongols. postmedieval: a journal of medieval cultural studies. 2012 May;3(2):227–45.

150.

Kim M. Globalizing Imperium: Thirteenth-Century Perspectives on the Mongols. Literature Compass. 2014;11(7):472–83.

151.

Charles B, Patrick Gautier D. Attitudes Towards the Mongols in Medieval Literature: The XXII Kings of Gog and Magog from the Court of Frederick II to Jean de Mandeville. Viator [Internet]. 1991;22. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1297908837?pq-origsite=summon

152.

Friedman JB. The monstrous races in medieval art and thought. [New ed.]. Vol. Medieval studies. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press; 2000.

153.

Chekin LS. The Godless Ishmaelites: the Image of the Steppe in Eleventh-Thirteenth-Century Rus. Russian History. 1992;19(1):9–28.

154.

Hyde JK. Real and Imaginary Journeys in the Later Middle Ages. Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester [Internet]. 1982;65. Available from: http://encore.lib.gla.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rb3137443

155.

Friedman JB. Cultural Conflicts in Medieval World Maps. In: Schwartz SB, editor. Implicit understandings: observing, reporting, and reflecting on the encounters between Europeans and other peoples in the early modern era. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1994. p. 64–95.

156.

Rudolf Wittkower. Marvels of the East. A Study in the History of Monsters. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes [Internet]. 1942;5:159–97. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/750452

157.

Khanmohamadi A. Worldly Unease in Late Medieval European Travel Reports. In: Ganim JM, Legassie S, editors. Cosmopolitanism and the Middle Ages. First edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2013.

158.

Strickland DH. Saracens, demons & Jews: making monsters in Medieval art [Internet]. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 2003. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.aaeportal.com/?id=-19747

159.

Gow A. Gog and Magog On Mappaemundi and Early Printed World Maps: Orientalizing Ethnography in the Apocalyptic Tradition. Journal of Early Modern History. 1998;2(1):61–88.

160.

Burnett C, Dalché PG. Attitudes Towards the Mongols in Medieval Literature: The XXII Kings of Gog and Magog from the Court of Frederick II to Jean de Mandeville. Viator. 1991 Jan;22:153–68.

161.

Campbell MB. The witness and the other world: exotic European travel writing, 400-1600 [Internet]. 1st print., Cornell Pbks. Vol. History e-book project. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; 1991. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03193

162.

Lomperis L. Medieval Travel Writing and the Question of Race. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. 2001 Jan 1;31(1):147–64.

163.

Rudolf Wittkower. Marvels of the East. A Study in the History of Monsters. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes [Internet]. 1942;5:159–97. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/750452

164.

Valtrová J. Beyond the Horizons of Legends:Traditional Imagery and Direct Experience in Medieval Accounts of Asia. Numen. 2010 Mar 1;57(2):154–85.

165.

Jones WR. The Image of the Barbarian in Medieval Europe. Comparative Studies in Society and History. 1971 Oct;13(04).

166.

Flint VIJ. Monsters and the Antipodes in the early Middle Ages and Enlightenment. Viator [Internet]. 1984;15:65–80. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.brepolsonline.net./doi/pdf/10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.301433

167.

Friedman JB. The monstrous races in medieval art and thought. [New ed.]. Vol. Medieval studies. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press; 2000.

168.

Ramey LT. Monstrous Alterity in Early Modern Travel Accounts: Lessons from the Ambiguous Medieval Discourse on Humanness. L’Esprit Créateur. 2008;48(1):81–95.

169.

Wiedemann TEJ. Between man and beasts: barbarians in Amiantus Marcellinus. In: Moxon IS, Smart JD, Woodman AJ, editors. Past perspectives: studies in Greek and Roman historical writing : papers presented at a conference in Leeds, 6-8 April 1983. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1986. p. 189–201.

170.

Schwartz JRS. The outer world of the European Middle Ages. In: Schwartz SB, editor. Implicit understandings: observing, reporting, and reflecting on the encounters between Europeans and other peoples in the early modern era. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1994. p. 23–63.

171.

Rubiés JP, editor. Medieval ethnographies: European perceptions of the world beyond. Vol. The expansion of Latin Europe, 1000-1500. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Variorum; 2009.

172.

Jackson P. Medieval Christendom’s encounter with the alien. Historical Research. 2001;74(186):347–69.

173.

Aalto P, Pekkanen T. Latin sources on North-Eastern Eurasia. Vol. Asiatische Forschungen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz; 1975.

174.

Blurton H. Tartars and Traitors: The Uses of Cannibalism in Matthew Paris’s Chronica Majora. In: Cannibalism in high medieval English literature [Internet]. First edition. New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan; 2007. p. 81–104. Available from: http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781137115799

175.

Czarnowus A. The Mongols, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe: The Mirabilia Tradition in Benedict of Poland’s                              and John of Plano Carpini’s. Literature Compass. 2014 Jul;11(7):484–95.

176.

Aigle D. The Mongol Empire between myth and reality: studies in anthropological history. Vol. Iran studies. Leiden: Brill; 2015.

177.

Menache S. Tartars, Jews, Saracens and the Jewish-Mongol ‘Plot’ of 1241. History. 1996 Jul;81(263):319–42.

178.

Jackson P. William of Rubruck in the Mongol Empire: Perception and Prejudices. In: Martels ZRWM von, editor. Travel fact and travel fiction: studies on fiction, literary tradition, scholarly discovery, and observation in travel writing. Leiden: E.J. Brill; 1994. p. 54–71.

179.

Saunders JJ. Matthew Paris and the Mongols. In: Sandquist TA, Powicke M, editors. Essays in medieval history presented to Bertie Wilkinson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1969. p. 116–32.

180.

Hanska J, Ruotsala A. Berthold von Regensburg, OFM, and the Mongols: Medieval Sermon as a Historical Source. Archivum franciscanum historicum: periodica publicatio trimestris cura pp Collegii D Bonaventurae. 1908;89:425–45.

181.

Cogley RW. ‘The most vile and barbarous Nation of all the World’: Giles Fletcher the Elder’s The Tartars Or, Ten Tribes (ca. 1610)*. Renaissance Quarterly [Internet]. 2005;58. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A136458551&v=2.1&u=glasuni&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=6b410e10a9361f1d9370c626d81e6b9a

182.

Power A. Roger Bacon and the Defence of Christendom [Internet]. Vol. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2012. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843402

183.

Schmieder F. Cum hora undecima: The Incorporation of Asia into the orbis Christianus. In: Armstrong G, Wood IN, editors. Christianizing peoples and converting individuals. Turnhout: Brepols; 2000. p. 265–259.

184.

Boyle JA. The Last Barbarian Invaders: The Impact of the Mongol Conquests Upon East and West. Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. 1970;112(1):1–15.

185.

Ryan JD. Christian Wives of Mongol Khans: Tartar Queens and Missionary Expectations in Asia. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society [Internet]. 1998;8(03):411–21. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25183572

186.

Phillips KM. Before Orientalism: Asian peoples and cultures in European travel writing, 1245-1510. Vol. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2014.

187.

Jensen KV. Devils, noble savages, and the iron gate: Thirteenth century European concepts of the Mongols. Bulletin of International Medieval Research. 2000;6:1–20.

188.

Camargo M. The Book of John Mandeville and the Geography of Identity. In: Jones TS, Sprunger DA, editors. Marvels, monsters, and miracles: studies in the medieval and early modern imaginations. Kalamazoo, Mich: Medieval Institute Publications; 2002. p. 67–84.

189.

Devin DeWeese. The Influence of the Mongols on the Religious Consciousness of Thirteenth-Century Europe. Mongolian Studies [Internet]. 1979;5:41–78. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/43193054?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

190.

van den Bent J. "None of the Kings on Earth is Their Equal in ʿaṣabiyya”: The Mongols in Ibn Khaldūn’s Works. Al-Masāq. 2016 May 3;28(2):171–86.

191.

Connell CW. Western Views of the Origin of the ‘Tartars’: an Example of the Influence of Myth in the Second Half of the Thirteenth Century. The Journal of Medieval and Renaissance studies. 1973;3:115–37.

192.

Brewer K. Prester John: the legend and its sources [Internet]. Vol. Crusade texts in translation. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate; 2015. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=2039122

193.

Baraz D. Medieval cruelty: changing perceptions, late antiquity to the early modern period. Vol. Conjunctions of religion&power in the medieval past. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; 2003.

194.

Phillips JRS. Scholarship and the imagination. In: The Medieval Expansion of Europe [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 1998. p. 177–99. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207405.001.0001/acprof-9780198207405-chapter-10

195.

Schmieder F. Nota sectam maometicam atterendam a tartaris et christianis: The Mongols as non-believing apocalyptic friends around the year 1260. Journal of Millennial Studies [Internet]. 1998;1(1). Available from: http://www.mille.org/publications/summer98/fschmieder.pdf

196.

Guzman GG. Reports of Mongol Cannibalism in the Thirteenth-Century Latin Sources: Oriental Fact or Western Fiction? In: Westrem SD, editor. Discovering New Worlds: Essays on Medieval Exploration and Imagination. Garlad Press; 1991. p. 31–68.

197.

Peleggi M. Shifting Alterity: The Mongol in the Visual and Literary Culture of the Late Middle Ages . The Medieval History Journal. 2001;4(1):15–33.

198.

Bezzola GA. Die Mongolen in abendländischer Sicht (1220-1270): ein Beitrag zur Frage der Völkerbegegnungen. Francke Verlag; 1974.

199.

Berend N. At the gate of Christendom: Jews, Muslims, and ‘pagans’ in medieval Hungary, c. 1000-c. 1300. Vol. Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2001.

200.

Berend N, Wiszewski P, Urbańczyk P. Central Europe in the high Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland c. 900-c. 1300. Vol. Cambridge medieval textbooks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2013.

201.

Jackson P. The Crusades of 1239-12€“41 and their aftermath. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1987 Feb;50(01).

202.

Jackson P. The Crusade Against the Mongols (1241). The Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 1991;42(01).

203.

Rogers GS. An examination of historians’ explanations for the Mongol withdrawal from East Central Europe. East European Quarterly [Internet]. 1996;30(1). Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE|A18180110&v=2.1&u=glasuni&it=r&p=EAIM&sw=w&asid=3a86e21e14993150faffe4d71799d2a5

204.

Tōyō Bunko (Japan), Szczesсiak B. Hagiographical Documentation of the Mongol Invasions of Poland in the Thirteenth Century. Part I: The Preaching Friars. In: Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (The Oriental Library): 17. Tokyo: The Toyo Bunko; 1958. p. 167–95.

205.

Kosztolnyik ZJ. Hungary in the thirteenth century. Vol. East European monographs. Boulder, [Colo.]: East European Monographs; 1996.

206.

Szabó P. Pilis: Changing settlements in a Hungarian Forest in the Middle Ages. Annual of Medieval Studies at CEU [Internet]. 1997;283–93. Available from: http://www.ams.ceu.edu/1997_8.pdf

207.

Engel P. The realm of St. Stephen: a history of medieval Hungary, 895-1526. London: I. B. Tauris; 2001.

208.

Várdy SB. Castle Building and Its Social Significance  in Medieval Hungary. Canadian-American Review of Hungarian Studies, [Internet]. 1979;6(2):91–7. Available from: http://epa.oszk.hu/01900/01994/00011/pdf/CARHS_1979_2_091-097.pdf

209.

Phillips JRS. Europe and the Mongol invasions. In: The Medieval Expansion of Europe [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 1998. p. 55–77. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207405.001.0001/acprof-9780198207405-chapter-4

210.

Halperin CJ. ‘Know Thy Enemy’: Medieval Russian Familiarity with the Mongols of the Golden Horde. Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas [Internet]. 1982;30(2):161–75. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/10357151/Charles_J._Halperin_Russian_and_Mongols._Slavs_and_the_Steppe_in_Medieval_and_Early_Modern_Russia

211.

Sweeney JR. Identifying the medieval refugee: Hungarians in flight during the Mongol invasion. In: Löb L, Petrovics I, Szınyi GE, editors. Forms of Identity Definitions and Changes. 1994. p. 63–76.

212.

Favereau M. Тhe Golden Horde and the Mamluks. Golden Horde Review. 2017;5(1):93–115.

213.

Vásáry I. The Tatar Factor in the Formation of Muscovy’s Political Culture. In: Amitai R, Biran M, editors. Nomads as agents of cultural change: the Mongols and their Eurasian predecessors [Internet]. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press; 2015. p. 252–70. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3413788

214.

Halperin CJ. The Tatar yoke. Columbus: Slavica; 1986.

215.

Halperin CJ. Russo-Tartar Relations in Mongol Context: Two Notes. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae [Internet]. 1998;321(339). Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43391348

216.

Allsen TT. Prelude to the western campaigns: Mongol military operations in the Volga- Ural region, 1217- 1237. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi. 1983;3:5–24.

217.

Halperin CJ. The Battle of Kulikovo Field (1380) in History and Historical Memory. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 2013;14:4(4):853–64.

218.

Maiorov AV. The Mongol Invasion of South Rus’ in 1239–1240s: Controversial and Unresolved Questions. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 2016 Jul 2;29(3):473–99.

219.

Goldfrank DM. Muscovy and the Mongols: What’s What and What’s Maybe. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 2000;1(2):259–66.

220.

Fennell JLI. The crisis of medieval Russia 1200-1304. Vol. Longman history of Russia. London: Longman; 1983.

221.

Hartog L de. Russia and the Mongol yoke: the history of the Russian principalities and the Golden Horde, 1221-1502. London: British Academic Press; 1996.

222.

Noonan TS. Medieval Russia, the Mongols, and the West: Novgorod’s Relations with the Baltic, 1100-1350. Mediaeval Studies [Internet]. 1975 Jan;37:316–39. Available from: http://encore.lib.gla.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1410274

223.

Charles J. Halperin. Ivan IV and Chinggis Khan. Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas [Internet]. 2003;481–97. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41051135

224.

Omeljan Pritsak. Moscow, the Golden Horde, and the Kazan Khanate from a Polycultural Point of View. Slavic Review [Internet]. 1967;26(4):577–83. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2492610

225.

Halperin CJ. Russia and the Golden Horde: the Mongol impact on medieval Russian history [Internet]. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; 1987. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4543534

226.

Golden PB. Nomads and their neighbours in the Russian steppe: Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs. Vol. Variorum collected studies series. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate/Variorum; 2003.

227.

Selart A. Livonia, Rus’ and the Baltic Crusades in the thirteenth century. Vol. East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450-1450. Boston: Brill; 2015.

228.

Golden PB. The peoples of the south Russian steppes. Sinor D, editor. The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia [Internet]. 1990;270–84. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521243049

229.

Ostrowski DG. Muscovy and the Mongols: cross-cultural influences on the steppe frontier, 1304-1589. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1998.

230.

Halperin CJ. Kliuchevskii and the Tartar Yoke. Canadian-American Slavic Studies. 2000;34(4):3–408.

231.

Vernadsky G. The Mongols and Russia. Vol. A history of Russia. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press; 1953.

232.

DeWeese DA. Islamization and native religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tükles and conversion to Islam in historical and epic tradition. Vol. Hermeneutics, studies in the history of religions. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press; 1994.

233.

Zatko JJ. The Union of Suzdal, 1222–1252. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 1957 Apr;8(01):33–52.

234.

Tubach J, Vashalomidze GS, Zimmer M, editors. Caucasus during the Mongol Period =: Der Kaukasus in der Mongolenzeit. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag; 2012.

235.

Guzman GG. European captives and craftsmen among the Mongols, 1231-1255. The Historian [Internet]. 2010;72(1). Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=glasuni&id=GALE|A221917893&v=2.1&it=r&sid=summon&userGroup=glasuni

236.

Olschki L. Guillaume Boucher: a French artist at the court of the Khans [Internet]. New York: Greenwood Press; 1969. Available from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36553

237.

Gervers M, Schlepp W, Central and Inner Asian Seminar. Nomadic diplomacy, destruction and religion from the Pacific to the Adriatic: papers prepared for the Central and Inner Asian Seminar, University of Toronto, 1992-93. Vol. Toronto studies in Central and Inner Asia. Toronto: Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies; 1994.

238.

Dmytryshyn B. Medieval Russia: a source book, 900-1700. 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston; 1973.

239.

Henry of Livonia. The chronicle of Henry of Livonia. Brundage JA, editor. Vol. Records of Western civilization. New York: Columbia University Press; 2003.

240.

Rogerius. Gesta Hungarorum [Internet]. English ed. Rady MC, Veszprémy L, Bak JM, editors. Vol. Central European medieval texts. Budapest: Central European University Press; 2010. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3137319

241.

Mitchell R, Forbes N, editors. The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016-1471 [Internet]. London: Office of the Society; 1914. Available from: https://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/texts/MF1914.pdf

242.

Perfecky GA, editor. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle. Harvard Ukrainian; 2002.

243.

Brosset H. Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l’antiquité jusqu’au XIX siècle [Internet]. St Petersburg; 1850. Available from: https://archive.org/details/histoiredelagor01fgoog

244.

Grinberg L. From Mongol Prince to Russian Saint: A Neglected 15th-Century Russian Source on the Mongol Land Consecration Ritual. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 2011;12(3):647–73.

245.

Schneider F. Ein Schreiben der Ungarn an die Kurie aus der letzten Zeit des Tatareneinfalles. (2. Februar 1242). Mitteilungen des österreichischen Instituts für Geschichtsforschung (MIÖG). 1915;36:661–70.

246.

Dörrie H, editor. Drei Texte zur Geschichte der Ungarn und und Mongolen: die Missionsreisen des Fr. Julianus O. P. ins Uralgebiet (1234/59 und nach Rußland (1237) und der Bericht des Erzbischofs Peter über die Tartaren. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; 1956.

247.

Jackson P. The Mongols and the Islamic world: from conquest to conversion [Internet]. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2017. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300125337.001.0001

248.

Boyle JA, editor. The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods [Internet]. Vol. The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1968. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521069366

249.

Jackson P. The Crisis in the Holy Land in 1260. The English Historical Review [Internet]. 1980;95(376):481–513. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/568054

250.

Richard J. The Mongols and the Franks. Journal of Asian History [Internet]. 1969;3(1):45–57. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41929939

251.

Manz BF. The Rule of the Infidels: the Mongols and the Islamic World. In: Morgan DO, Reid A, editors. The New Cambridge History of Islam [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000. p. 128–68. Available from: http://universitypublishingonline.org/ref/id/histories/CBO9781139056137

252.

Lane G. Persian Notables and the Families Who Underpinned the Ilkhanate. In: Amitai R, Biran M, editors. Nomads as agents of cultural change: the Mongols and their Eurasian predecessors [Internet]. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press; 2015. p. 182–213. Available from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3413788

253.

Lane G. Whose secret Intent? In: Rossabi M, editor. Eurasian Influences On Yuan China: Cross-Cultural Transmissions in the 13th and 14th Centuries [Internet]. Singapore: Univerity of Singapore Press; 2012. p. 1–40. Available from: http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/14258/

254.

Biran M. Ilkhanid Empire. In: Encyclopedia of Empires Online [Internet]. 2016. p. 1–7. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/23932448/Michal_Biran_2016a._Ilkhanid_Empire_Encyclopedia_of_Empires_Online_1-7._DOI_10.10029781118455074.wbeoe362

255.

Boyle JA. The Il-Khans of Persia and the Christian West. History Today [Internet]. (8). Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1299019901?accountid=14540

256.

Morgan DO. The Mongols in Syria, 1260–1300. In: Edbury PW, editor. Crusade and settlement: papers read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and presented to RC Smail. Cardiff: University College Cardiff Press; 1985. p. 231–5.

257.

Amitai-Preiss R. Ghazan, Islam and Mongol Tradition: A View from the Mamlūk sultanate. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London [Internet]. 1996;59(1):1–10. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/619387

258.

Amitai-Preiss R. Mongols and Mamluks: the Mamluk-Īlkhānid war, 1260-1281. Vol. Cambridge studies in Islamic civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995.

259.

Phillips JRS. The Lost Alliance: European Monarchs and Mongol ‘Crusaders’. In: The Medieval Expansion of Europe [Internet]. Oxford University Press; 1998. p. 115–32. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207405.001.0001/acprof-9780198207405-chapter-7

260.

Morgan DO. The Mongols and the eastern Mediterranean. Mediterranean Historical Review. 1989 Jun;4(1):198–211.

261.

Amitai R. The Impact of the Mongols on the History of Syria: Politics, Society and Culture. In: Amitai R, Biran M, editors. Nomads as agents of cultural change: the Mongols and their Eurasian predecessors [Internet]. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press; 2015. p. 271–82. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3413788

262.

Amitai R. Northern Syria between the Mongols and Mamluks: Political Boundary, Military frontier and Ethnic affinity. In: Standen N, Power D, editors. Frontiers in Question: Eurasian Borderlands c 700-1700 [Internet]. London: Macmillan Press; 1999. p. 128–52. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/15744557/_Northern_Syria_between_the_Mongols_and_Mamluks_Political_Boundary_Military_frontier_and_Ethnic_affinity._In_Naomi_Standen_and_Daniel_Power_editors._Frontiers_in_Question_Eurasian_Borderlands_c._700-1700._London_Macmillan_Press_1999._128-52

263.

Amitai R. Dangerous Liaisons: Armenian-Mongol-Mamluk Relations (1260-1292). In: Dédéyan G, Mutafian C, editors. La Méditerranée des Arméniens, XIIe-XVe siècle [Internet]. Paris: Geuthner; 2014. p. 191–206. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/15048103/_Dangerous_Liaisons_Armenian-Mongol-Mamluk_Relations_1260-1292_._In_G%C3%A9rard_D%C3%A9d%C3%A9yan_and_Claude_Mutafian_eds._La_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e_des_Arm%C3%A9niens_XIIe-XVe_si%C3%A8cle._Orient_Chr%C3%A9tien_M%C3%A9di%C3%A9val._Paris_Geuthner_2014._191-206

264.

Brack Y. A Mongol Princess Making hajj: The Biography of El Qutlugh Daughter of Abagha Ilkhan (r. 1265–82). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 2011 Jul;21(03):331–59.

265.

Irwin R. The Middle East in the Middle Ages: the early Mamluk sultanate, 1250-1382 [Internet]. Vol. History e-book project. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press; 1986. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.00900

266.

Hillenbrand C, editor. Studies in honour of Clifford Edmund Bosworth: Volume 2: The Sultan’s turret : studies in Persian and Turkish culture. Leiden: Brill; 2000.

267.

Munt H. The Jalayirids: Dynastic State Formation in the Mongol Middle East. Al-Masāq. 2017 May 4;29(2):195–7.

268.

Giebfried J. The Mongol invasions and the Aegean world (1241–61). Mediterranean Historical Review. 2013 Dec;28(2):129–39.

269.

Jackson P. The Seventh Crusade, 1244-1254: sources and documents. Farnham: Ashgate; 2009.

270.

Crawford P, editor. The ‘Templar of Tyre’: Part III of the ‘Deeds of the Cypriots’ [Internet]. Vol. Crusade texts in translation. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate; 2003. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781351881333

271.

Bird JL, Peters E, Powell JM, editors. Crusade and Christendom: annotated documents in translation from Innocent III to the fall of Acre, 1187-1291. Vol. The Middle Ages series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2013.

272.

Charles J. Halperin. Russia in The Mongol Empire in Comparative Perspective. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies [Internet]. 1983;43(1):239–61. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2719023

273.

Charles J. Halperin. George Vernadsky, Eurasianism, the Mongols, and Russia. Slavic Review [Internet]. 1982;41(3):477–93. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2497020

274.

Paul Hyer. The Re-Evaluation of Chinggis Khan: Its Role in the Sino-Soviet Dispute. Asian Survey [Internet]. 1966;6(12):696–705. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2642195

275.

Forbes Manz B. Mongol History rewritten and relived. Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée. 2000;(89–90):129–49.

276.

Derenko MV, Malyarchuk BA, Wozniak M, Denisova GA, Dambueva IK, Dorzhu CM, et al. Distribution of the male lineages of Genghis Khan’s descendants in northern Eurasian populations. Russian Journal of Genetics. 2007 Mar;43(3):334–7.

277.

Zerjal T, Xue Y, Bertorelle G, Wells RS, Bao W, Zhu S, et al. The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003;72(3):717–21.

278.

Balaresque P, Poulet N, Cussat-Blanc S, Gerard P, Quintana-Murci L, Heyer E, et al. Y-chromosome descent clusters and male differential reproductive success: young lineage expansions dominate Asian pastoral nomadic populations. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2015;23(10):1413–22.

279.

Heywood C. Filling the Black Hole: The Emergence of the Bithynian Atamanates. In: Çiçek K, et al., editors. The Great Ottoman—Turkish Civilization, vol 1. 2000. p. 107–15.

280.

Dawson C. The Mongol mission: narratives and letters of the Franciscan missionaries in Mongolia and China in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Vol. Makers of Christendom series. London: Sheed & Ward; 1955.

281.

Meyvaert P. An Unknown Letter of Hulagu, Il-Khan of Persia, to King Louis IX of France. Viator [Internet]. 1980 Jan;11:245–60. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1297915665?pq-origsite=summon

282.

Göckenjan H, Sweeney JR. Der Mongolensturm: Berichte von Augenzeugen und Zeitgenossen, 1235-1250. Graz: Styria; 1985.

283.

Bacon R. The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon: a translation. Burke RB, editor. New York, NY: Russell & Russell; 1962.

284.

Power A. Roger Bacon and the Defence of Christendom [Internet]. Vol. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2012. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843402

285.

Paris M, Giles JA. Matthew Paris’s English history: from the year 1235 to 1273. London: Bohn; 1852.

286.

Hilpert HE, German Historical Institute in London. Kaiser und Papstbriefe in den Chronica majora des Matthaus Paris. Vol. Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Historischen Instituts London. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta; 1981.

287.

Rudolf K. Die Tartaren 1241/1242. Nachrichten und Wiedergabe: Korrespondenz und Historiographie. Römische Historische Mitteilungen. 1977;19:79–107.

288.

Saunders JJ. Matthew Paris and the Mongols. In: Sandquist TA, Powicke M, editors. Essays in medieval history presented to Bertie Wilkinson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press; 1969. p. 116–32.

289.

Vaughan R. Matthew Paris. Vol. Cambridge studies in medieval life and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1958.

290.

Vincent of Beauvais. Speculum historiale (Excerpta) [Internet]. Vol. Brepolis Latin. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers; 2011. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://clt.brepolis.net/eMGH/pages/TextSearch.aspx?key=M_CRX__OEK

291.

Gregory G. Guzman. The Encyclopedist Vincent of Beauvais and His Mongol Extracts from John of Plano Carpini and Simon of Saint-Quentin. Speculum [Internet]. 1974;49(2):287–307. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2856045

292.

William of Rubruck. The mission of William of Rubruck: His journey to the court of the Great Khan Möngke 1253-1255. Morgan D, Jackson P, editors. Vol. Works issued by the Hakluyt Society. London: Hakluyt Society; 1990.

293.

Rubruck W of. The journey of William of Rubruck to the eastern parts of the world, 1253-55. Rockhill WW, editor. London: Hakluyt Society; 1900.

294.

Beazley CR, Ruysbroeck W van. The texts and versions of John de Plano Carpini and William de Rubruquis, as printed for the first time by Hakluyt in 1598, together with some shorter pieces. Vol. Works issued by the Hakluyt Society. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society; 1903.

295.

Dawson C. The Mongol mission: narratives and letters of the Franciscan missionaries in Mongolia and China in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Vol. Makers of Christendom series. London: Sheed & Ward; 1955.

296.

Jackson P. William of Rubruck in the Mongol Empire: perception and prejudices. In: Martels Z von, editor. Travel fact and travel fiction: studies on fiction, literary tradition, scholarly discovery, and observation in travel writing. Leiden: E.J. Brill; 1994. p. 54–71.

297.

Beazley CR, Ruysbroeck W van. The texts and versions of John de Plano Carpini and William de Rubruquis, as printed for the first time by Hakluyt in 1598, together with some shorter pieces. Vol. Works issued by the Hakluyt Society. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society; 1903.

298.

Dawson C. The Mongol mission: narratives and letters of the Franciscan missionaries in Mongolia and China in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Vol. Makers of Christendom series. London: Sheed & Ward; 1955.

299.

Giovanni da P del C. The story of the Mongols whom we call the Tartars =: Historia Mongalorum quos nos Tartaros appellamus : Friar Giovanni di Plano Carpini’s account of his embassy to the court of the Mongol Khan. Boston: Branden Pub. Co; 1996.

300.

Sinor D. John of Plano Carpini’s Return from the Mongols. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. 1957;89(3–4):193–206.

301.

Czarnowus A. The Mongols, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe: The Mirabilia Tradition in Benedict of Poland’s                              and John of Plano Carpini’s. Literature Compass. 2014 Jul;11(7):484–95.

302.

Gregory G. Guzman. The Encyclopedist Vincent of Beauvais and His Mongol Extracts from John of Plano Carpini and Simon of Saint-Quentin. Speculum [Internet]. 1974;49(2):287–307. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2856045

303.

Bennett S. The report of friar John of Plano Carpini: analysis of an intelligence gathering mission conducted on behalf of the Papacy in the mid thirteenth century. History Studies: University of Limerick History Society Journal [Internet]. 2011;12:1–14. Available from: https://ulir.ul.ie/bitstream/handle/10344/3688/History%20Studies_12_2011_12.9MB.pdf?sequence=2

304.

Simon de Saint-Quentin. Histoire des Tartares. Richard J, editor. Vol. Documents relatifs à l’histoire des Croisades. Paris: P. Geuthner; 1965.

305.

Gregory G. Guzman. The Encyclopedist Vincent of Beauvais and His Mongol Extracts from John of Plano Carpini and Simon of Saint-Quentin. Speculum [Internet]. 1974;49(2):287–307. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2856045

306.

Guzman GG. Simon of Saint-Quentin and the Dominican Mission to the Mongol Baiju: A Reappraisal. Speculum [Internet]. 1971 Apr;46(2). Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2854853

307.

Thomas of Spalato. Historia Salonitanorum atque Spalatinorum pontificum. Perić O, Karbić D, Matijević-Sokol M, Sweeney JR, editors. Vol. Central European medieval texts. Budapest: Central European University Press; 2006.

308.

Sweeney JR. Thomas of Spalato and the Mongols: a thirteenth-century Dalmatian view of Mongol customs. Florilegium [Internet]. 1982;4. Available from: https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/flor/article/view/15352/20508

309.

Yule H, Odorico. The travels of Friar Odoric. Vol. Italian texts and studies on religion and society. Grand Rapids, Mich: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co; 2002.

310.

Moule AC. A Life of Odoric of Pordenone. T’oung Pao [Internet]. 1921;20(3):275–90. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4526615

311.

Henry of Livonia. The chronicle of Henry of Livonia. Brundage JA, editor. Vol. Records of Western civilization. New York: Columbia University Press; 2003.

312.

Mitchell R, Forbes N, editors. The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016-1471 [Internet]. London; 1914. Available from: http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/rus/texts/MF1914.pdf

313.

Skelton RA, Painter GD. The ‘Vinland map’ and the ‘Tartar relation’. New Haven, CT: Yale U.P.; 1965.

314.

Rogerius. Gesta Hungarorum [Internet]. English ed. Rady MC, Veszprémy L, Bak JM, editors. Vol. Central European medieval texts. Budapest: Central European University Press; 2010. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3137319

315.

Roger of Apulia. Carmen Miserabile super Destructione Regni Hungariae per Tartaros,. In: Perlbach M, editor. MGH 29: Ex rerum Ungaricarum scriptoribus saec XIII [Internet]. Available from: http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000885_00557.html?sortIndex=010%3A050%3A0029%3A010%3A00%3A00

316.

John of Maignolli. Recollections of Travel in the East. In: Yule H, editor. Cathay and the Way Tither Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China [Internet]. London; 1915. p. 311–94. Available from: https://archive.org/stream/cathayandwaythi00marigoog#page/n70/mode/2up

317.

Medieval Academy of America. Mission to Asia. Dawson C, editor. Vol. Medieval Academy reprints for teaching. Toronto: Published by University of Toronto Press in association with the Medieval Academy of America; 2008.

318.

D. O. Morgan. Ibn Baṭṭūṭa and the Mongols. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society [Internet]. 2001;11(1):1–11. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25188080

319.

Rachewiltz I de. The secret history of the Mongols: a Mongolian epic chronicle of the thirteenth century [Internet]. Leiden: Brill; 2006. Available from: https://cedar.wwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=cedarbooks

320.

Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb. The successors of Genghis Khan [Internet]. Vol. Persian heritage series. New York: Columbia University Press; 1971. Available from: https://archive.org/details/Boyle1971RashidAlDin

321.

Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb. Compendium of Chronicles. Thackston WM, editor. Classical writings of the medieval Islamic world: Persian histories of the Mongol dynasties. London: I.B. Tauris; 2012.

322.

D. O. Morgan. Ibn Baṭṭūṭa and the Mongols. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society [Internet]. 2001;11(1):1–11. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25188080

323.

Juvayni A al DAM, Boyle JA, Morgan D. Genghis Khan: the history of the world conqueror [Internet]. Vol. Manchester medieval sources series. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 1997. Available from: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001086/108630Eb.pdf

324.

Hayton of Gorigos. The Flowers of the Histories of the East [Internet]. Available from: http://rbedrosian.com/hetum1.htm

325.

Gandzakets’i K. Kirakos Gandzakets’i’s History of the Armenians [Internet]. Bedrosian R, editor. New York; 1986. Available from: https://archive.org/details/KirakosGanjaketsisHistoryOfTheArmenians

326.

Osipian A. Armenian Involvement in the Latin-Mongol Crusade: Uses of the Magi and Prester John in Constable Smbat’s Letter and Hayton of Corycus’s "Flos historiarum terre orientis,” 1248-1307. Medieval Encounters. 2014 Feb 17;20(1):66–100.

327.

Thackston WM, Khvānd Mīr G al D ibn H al-Dīn, Ḥaydar Mīrzā, Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb. Classical writings of the medieval Islamic world: Persian histories of the Mongol dynasties. London: I.B. Tauris; 2012.

328.

Bar Hebraeus, Bodleian Library. The chronography of Gregory Abû’l Faraj, the son of Aaron, the Hebrew physician, commonly known as Bar Hebraeus: being the first part of his political history of the world. Budge EAW, editor. London: Oxford University Press; 1932.

329.

Sweeney JR. Thomas of Spalato and the Mongols: a thirteenth-century Dalmatian view of Mongol customs. Florilegium [Internet]. 1982;4. Available from: https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/flor/article/view/15352/20508

330.

Power A. Roger Bacon and the Defence of Christendom [Internet]. Vol. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2012. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843402

331.

Haenisch E, Olbricht P. Zum Untergang zweier Reiche: Berichte von Augenzeugen aus den Jahren 1232-33 und 1368-70. Vol. 38,4. Wiesbaden: Steiner [in Komm.]; 1969.

332.

Fennell JLI, Obolensky D. A historical Russian reader: a selection of texts from the eleventh to the sixteenth centuries. Vol. Oxford Russian readers. Oxford: Clarendon P; 1969.