Bibliography for History 1B BETA

1.

Prawer J. Crusader institutions. Oxford: Clarendon; 1980.

2.

McKitterick, Rosamond. The new Cambridge medieval history [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111

3.

McKitterick R. The new Cambridge medieval history [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362894

4.

Barber M. The crusader states [Internet]. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press; 2012. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3421014

5.

MacEvitt CH. The crusades and the Christian world of the east: rough tolerance. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2008.

6.

Riley-Smith JSC. The feudal nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277. London: Macmillan; 1973.

7.

Tyerman C. God’s war: a new history of the Crusades [Internet]. London: Allen Lane; 2006. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780141904313

8.

Riley-Smith JSC. The feudal nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277. London: Macmillan; 1973.

9.

Ellenblum R. Frankish rural settlement in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/frankish-rural-settlement-in-the-latin-kingdom-of-jerusalem/32478AB66DA39ED7973D434F43037601

10.

Madden TF. The Crusades: the essential readings. Oxford: Blackwell; 2002.

11.

Mayer HE. Latins, Muslims and Greeks in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. History. 1978 Jun;63(208):175–92.

12.

Abulafia D, Berend N. Medieval frontiers: concepts and practices. Aldershot: Ashgate; 2002.

13.

Prawer J. Social Classes in the Crusader States: The ‘Minorities’. In: Setton KM, Zacour NP, Hazard HW, editors. A History of the Crusades, vol 5: The impact of the Crusades on the Near East [Internet]. Madison; 1985. p. 59–116. Available from: http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=article&did=History.CrusFive.i0016&id=History.CrusFive&isize=M

14.

Kedar BZ. The subjected Muslims of the Frankish Levant. In: Powell JM, editor. Muslims under Latin rule, 1100-1300 [Internet]. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2014. p. 135–74. Available from: http://GLA.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1700455

15.

Usamah ibn Munqidh. The book of contemplation: Islam and the Crusades. Cobb PM, editor. London: Penguin Books; 2008.

16.

Medieval Sourcebook: Usmah Ibn Munqidh (1095-1188): Autobiography, excerpts on the Franks [Internet]. Available from: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/Usamah2.asp

17.

Ibn Jubayr M ibn A, Broadhurst RJC. The travels of Ibn Jubayr: being the chronicle of a mediaeval Spanish Moor concerning his journey to the Egypt of Saladin, the holy cities of Arabia, Baghdad the city of the caliphs, the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, and the Norman kingdom of Sicily. New Delhi: Goodwood Books; 2007.

18.

William, Babcock EA, Krey AC, American Council of Learned Societies. A history of deeds done beyond the sea [Internet]. Vol. Records of civilization, sources and studies. New York: Columbia University Press; 1943. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.06057

19.

Barber M, Bate AK. Letters from the East: crusaders, pilgrims and settlers in the 12th-13th centuries. Vol. 18. Farnhamm, Surrey: Ashgate; 2010.

20.

Fulcher of Chartres: The Latins in the East (Chronicle, Bk III) [Internet]. Available from: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/Fulk3.asp

21.

Collins R. Early medieval Europe: 300-1000. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave (formerly Macmillan); 1999.

22.

Bowersock GW, Brown PRL, Grabar O. Late antiquity: a guide to the postclassical world [Internet]. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press; 1999. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=b2d05847-d040-e911-80cd-005056af4099

23.

Bowersock GW, Brown PRL, Grabar O. Interpreting late antiquity: essays on the postclassical world. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2001.

24.

Mango CA. The Oxford history of Byzantium [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780191656804

25.

Sarris P. Empires of faith: the fall of Rome to the rise of Islam, 500-700 [Internet]. Vol. The Oxford history of Medieval Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261260.001.0001

26.

Brown PRL. The rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity, AD 200-1000. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2003.

27.

Brown, Peter, Dawson Books. The rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity AD 200-1000 [Internet]. 10th anniversary rev. ed. Vol. The making of Europe. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2013. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781118338810

28.

McKitterick, Rosamond. The new Cambridge medieval history [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362917

29.

Innes M. Introduction to early medieval Western Europe, 300-900: the sword, the plough and the book. London: Routledge; 2007.

30.

Wickham C. The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000. London: Allen Lane; 2009.

31.

Kennedy H. The Prophet and the age of the Caliphates: the Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century. London: Longman; 1986.

32.

Palmer A, Hoyland RG, Brock SP. The seventh century in the West-Syrian chronicles [Internet]. Vol. Translated texts for historians. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press; 1993. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://online.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/978-0-85323-238-4

33.

Collins R. Early medieval Europe: 300-1000 [Internet]. 3rd ed. Vol. Palgrave history of Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; 2010. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=8b179025-d040-e911-80cd-005056af4099

34.

Becher M. Charlemagne. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2003.

35.

Innes M. Introduction to early medieval Western Europe, 300-900: the sword, the plough and the book [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2007. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=41dfdaea-cf40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

36.

Wickham C. The inheritance of Rome: a history of Europe from 400 to 1000 [Internet]. London: Allen Lane; 2009. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=48989054-d040-e911-80cd-005056af4099

37.

Rollason DW. Early medieval Europe 300-1050: the birth of Western society [Internet]. London: Routledge; 2014. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1694356

38.

Collins R. Charlemagne. Houndmills: Macmillan Press; 1998.

39.

Bullough DA. The age of Charlemagne. London: Elek; 1965.

40.

Story J. Charlemagne: empire and society. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 2005.

41.

Keen MH. Medieval warfare: a history [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999. Available from: http://lib.myilibrary.com/browse/open.asp?id=44526&entityid=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth

42.

Royal Historical Society (Great Britain), Cambridge University Press. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 1872;

43.

Reuter T, Nelson JL. Medieval Polities and Modern Mentalities [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2006. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497216

44.

Lansing C, English ED, editors. A companion to the Medieval world [Internet]. Paperback edition. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4305798

45.

Brown, Peter, Dawson Books. The rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity AD 200-1000 [Internet]. 10th anniversary rev. ed. Vol. The making of Europe. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2013. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781118338810

46.

McKitterick R. Carolingian culture: emulation and innovation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1994.

47.

Turner SE, editor. Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne [Internet]. New York: Harper & Brothers; 1880. Available from: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/einhard.asp

48.

Einhard, Notker, Ganz D. Two lives of Charlemagne. London: Penguin Books; 2008.

49.

Collins R. Early medieval Europe: 300-1000. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave (formerly Macmillan); 1999.

50.

Sawyer PH. The Oxford illustrated history of the Vikings [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=1dce7539-d040-e911-80cd-005056af4099

51.

Roesdahl E. The Vikings [Internet]. 2nd ed. London: Penguin Books; 1998. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=8c179025-d040-e911-80cd-005056af4099

52.

Logan DF. Vikings in history [Internet]. 3rd ed. New York, N.Y.: Routledge; 2005. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1542525

53.

Innes M. Introduction to early medieval Western Europe, 300-900: the sword, the plough and the book. London: Routledge; 2007.

54.

Heather PJ. Empires and barbarians: migrations, development and the birth of Europe [Internet]. London: Macmillan; 2009. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=3489922b-d040-e911-80cd-005056af4099

55.

Brink S, Price NS. The Viking world [Internet]. Vol. The Routledge worlds. London: Routledge; 2008. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=366343

56.

Forte A, Oram RD, Pedersen F. Viking empires. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press; 2005.

57.

Stafford P. A companion to the early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland c.500-1100 [Internet]. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781444311013

58.

British Museum. Vikings: life and legend. Williams G, Pentz P, Wemhoff M, editors. London: British Museum; 2014.

59.

Angold M. Byzantium: the bridge from antiquity to the Middle Ages [Internet]. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson; 2001. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=d2796562-d040-e911-80cd-005056af4099

60.

Leyser KJ, Reuter T. Communications and power in medieval Europe: the Carolingian and Ottonian centuries [Internet]. London: Hambledon Press; 1994. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=436679

61.

Leyser KJ. Medieval Germany and its neighbours, 900-1250. London: Hambledon Press; 1982.

62.

Baker D. Relations between East and West in the Middle Ages [Internet]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1973. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02965

63.

Brubaker L. Byzantium in the ninth century: dead or alive? : papers from the thirtieth Spring Symposium of Byzantine studies, Birmingham, March 1996 [Internet]. Aldershot: Ashgate; 1998. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=423820f3-cf40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

64.

Shepard J, editor. The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c.500́ђأ1492 [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2009. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521832311

65.

Shepard J, editor. The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c.500́ђأ1492 [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2009. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521832311

66.

McKitterick, Rosamond. The new Cambridge medieval history [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521362924

67.

McKitterick, Rosamond. The new Cambridge medieval history [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521364478

68.

Collins R. Early medieval Europe: 300-1000. 3rd ed. Vol. Palgrave history of Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; 2010.

69.

Medieval Sourcebook: Liudprand of Cremona (c.922-c.972): Embassy to Constantinople, 963 Excerpts. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/liudprand-embassy-excerpts.asp

70.

Liudprand, Squatriti P. The complete works of Liudprand of Cremona. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press; 2007.

71.

Berman CH. The Cistercian evolution: the invention of a religious order in twelfth-century Europe [Internet]. Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2000. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=3441632

72.

Lekai LJ. The Cistercians: ideals and reality. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press; 1977.

73.

Birkedal Bruun M, editor. The Cambridge Companion to the Cistercian Order [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2012. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CCO9780511735899

74.

Clark JG. The Benedictines in the Middle Ages. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press; 2011.

75.

Constable G. The Future of Cluniac Studies. Journal of Medieval Monastic Studies. 2012 Jan;1:1–16.

76.

Constable G. Cluny from the tenth to the twelfth centuries: further studies [Internet]. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate Variorum; 2000. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=b78b9e40-d040-e911-80cd-005056af4099

77.

Lawrence CH. Medieval monasticism: forms of religious life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages [Internet]. 3rd ed. Harlow: Longman; 2001. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1733957

78.

Rosenwein BH. To be the neighbor of Saint Peter: the social meaning of Cluny’s property [Internet]. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press; 1989. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=3c93cbf9-cf40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

79.

Little LK, Rosenwein BH. Debating the Middle Ages: issues and readings [Internet]. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers; 1998. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=5aa876db-cf40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

80.

Noble TFX, Smith JMH, editors. The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 3: Early Medieval Christianities, c.600-c.1100 [Internet]. Vol. Cambridge History of Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521817752

81.

Le Goff J. The birth of purgatory [Internet]. London: Scolar Press; 1984. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=9fac804d-d040-e911-80cd-005056af4099

82.

Evans J. Monastic life at Cluny: 910-1157 [Internet]. London: Oxford University Press; 1931. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=d6759916-b644-e911-80cd-005056af4099

83.

The Charter of Charity (Carta Caritatis) [Internet]. Available from: http://archive.osb.org/cist/charta.html

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Western Monasticism after 900 [Internet]. Available from: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/sbook1s.asp#Western%20Monasticism%20-%20After%20A.D.%20900

85.

Monasticism to A.D. 900 [Internet]. Available from: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/sbook1e.asp#Monasticism to A.D. 900

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Foundation Charter of the Monastery of Cluny (909/10) [Internet]. Available from: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/chart-cluny.asp

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88.

Bates D. Normandy before 1066. London: Longman; 1982.

89.

Hagger MS, ProQuest (Firm). Norman rule in Normandy, 911-1144 [Internet]. Woodbridge, Suffolk, England: The Boydell Press; 2017. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=4844151

90.

Barlow F. Edward the Confessor. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode; 1970.

91.

Barlow F. Edward the Confessor. Updated ed. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press; 1997.

92.

Barlow F. The Godwins: the rise and fall of a noble dynasty [Internet]. Harlow, Essex: Longman; 2002. Available from: http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=510684&entityid=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth

93.

Barlow F. The feudal kingdom of England, 1042-1216. 5th ed. London: Longman; 1999.

94.

Garnett G. The Norman Conquest: a very short introduction [Internet]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780192801616.001.0001

95.

Bates D. William the Conqueror [Internet]. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2017. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300118759.001.0001

96.

Hagger M. William: king and conqueror. London; 2012.

97.

Bates D. William the Conqueror. London: George Philip; 1989.

98.

Williams A. The English and the Norman Conquest. Woodbridge: Boydell; 1995.

99.

Bates D, Curry A. England and Normandy in the Middle Ages. London: Hambledon Press; 1994.

100.

Bates, David, Curry, Anne. England and Normandy in the Middle Ages [Internet]. London: Hambledon Press; 1994. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780826443090

101.

Bennett, Matthew. Campaigns of the Norman conquest. Chicago, Ill: Fitzroy Dearborn; 2001.

102.

Brown RA, Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies. Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman studies, 1, 1978 [Internet]. Ipswich: Boydell Press; 1979. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=80754fcc-cf40-e911-80cd-005056af4099

103.

Chibnall M. The debate on the Norman Conquest. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 1999.

104.

Searle E. Predatory kinship and the creation of Norman power 840-1066. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1988.

105.

Crouch D. The Normans: the history of a dynasty. London: Hambledon and London; 2002.

106.

Mortimer R. Edward the Confessor: the man and the legend. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press; 2009.

107.

Le Patourel J. The Norman Empire. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1976.

108.

Stafford P. Unification and conquest: a political and social history of England in the tenth and eleventh centuries. London: Edward Arnold; 1989.

109.

Walker D. The Normans in Britain. Oxford, UK: Blackwell; 1995.

110.

Brown RA. The Normans. London; 1994.

111.

Douglas DC, Greenaway GW. English historical documents: Vol. 2: 1042-1189 [Internet]. 2nd ed. London: Routledge; 1981. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780203439517

112.

van Houts EMC. The Normans in Europe [Internet]. Vol. Manchester medieval sources series. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 2000. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.manchesterhive.com/view/9781526112675/9781526112675.xml

113.

Interactive Bayeux Tapestry [Internet]. Available from: http://www.bayeuxtapestry.org.uk/interactive/BayeuxCreate.htm

114.

Abulafia D. Italy in the central Middle Ages: 1000-1300. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004.

115.

Houben H. Roger II of Sicily: a ruler between East and West. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002.

116.

Gillingham J, Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies. Anglo-Norman studies: 27: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2004. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press; 2005.

117.

Loud GA. How ‘Norman’ was the Norman Conquest of Southern Italy? Nottingham Medieval StudiesNottingham Mediaeval Studies (1957-1978);Nottingham Medieval Studies [Internet]. 25:13–22. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1299579428/fulltext/6062EBDC98034D18PQ/1?accountid=14540

118.

Loud GA. The age of Robert Guiscard: southern Italy and the Norman conquest [Internet]. Harlow: Longman; 2000. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1733990

119.

Loud GA, Metcalfe A. The society of Norman Italy [Internet]. Vol. The medieval Mediterranean. Leiden: Brill; 2002. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9789047401469

120.

Loud GA. The Latin Church in Norman Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007.

121.

McKitterick, Rosamond. The new Cambridge medieval history [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111

122.

McKitterick, Rosamond. The new Cambridge medieval history [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414111

123.

Matthew D. The Norman kingdom of Sicily [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1992. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=a0ac804d-d040-e911-80cd-005056af4099

124.

Webber N. The evolution of Norman identity, 911-1154. Suffolk: Boydell Press; 2005.

125.

Wolf KB. Making history: the Normans and their historians in eleventh-century Italy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1995.

126.

van Houts EMC. The Normans in Europe [Internet]. Vol. Manchester medieval sources series. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 2000. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.manchesterhive.com/view/9781526112675/9781526112675.xml

127.

Loud GA, Wiedemann T. The history of the tyrants of Sicily by ‘Hugo Falcandus’, 1154-69 [Internet]. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 1998. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.manchesterhive.com/view/9781526112620/9781526112620.xml

128.

Loud GA. Roger II and the making of the Kingdom of Sicily [Internet]. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 2012. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.manchesterhive.com/view/9781526112750/9781526112750.xml

129.

Amato, Dunbar PN, Loud GA. The history of the Normans. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press; 2004.

130.

Malaterra G, Wolf KB. The deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and of his brother Duke Robert Guiscard. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press; 2005.

131.

Frankopan P. The First Crusade: the call from the East. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 2012.

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Cowdrey HEJ. Pope Urban II’ preaching of the First Crusade. History. 1970 Jun;55(184):177–88.

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Bull M. The Roots of Lay Enthusiasm for the First Crusade. History. 1993 Oct;78(254):353–72.

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Erdmann C, American Council of Learned Societies. The origin of the idea of crusade [Internet]. Vol. History e-book project. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 1977. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01189

135.

Phillips J, University of London. The First Crusade: origins and impact [Internet]. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 1997. Available from: https://contentstore.cla.co.uk//secure/link?id=64005808-d040-e911-80cd-005056af4099

136.

Riley-Smith JSC. The First Crusade and the idea of crusading [Internet]. Vol. Middle Ages series. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1986. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=436855

137.

France J. The Crusades and the expansion of Catholic Christendom, 1000-1714. New York: Routledge; 2005.

138.

Munro DC. The Speech of Pope Urban II. At Clermont, 1095. The American Historical Review. 1906 Jan;11(2).

139.

Tyerman C. God’s war: a new history of the Crusades. London: Allen Lane; 2006.

140.

Flori J. Ideology and Motivation in the First Crusade. In: Palgrave advances in the Crusades [Internet]. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan; 2005. Available from: https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780230524095

141.

Asbridge TS. The first crusade: a new history. [New ed.]. London: Free Press; 2005.

142.

Morris C. The papal monarchy: the Western church from 1050 to 1250 [Internet]. Vol. Oxford history of the Christian Church. Oxford: Clarendon; 1991. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0198269250.001.0001/acprof-9780198269250

143.

France J. Victory in the East: a military history of the First Crusade [Internet]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1994. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1582575

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