Bibliography for Youth Crime in the Global City BETA

A. Fraser and C. Atkinson. ‘Making Up Gangs: Looping, Labelling and the New Politics of Intelligence-Led Policing’. Youth Justice 14.2 (2014): 154–170. Web.

A. Gunter. ‘Growing up Bad: Black Youth, `road’ Culture and Badness in an East London Neighbourhood’. Crime, Media, Culture 4.3 (2008): 349–366. Web.

---. ‘Growing up Bad: Black Youth, `road’ Culture and Badness in an East London Neighbourhood’. Crime, Media, Culture 4.3 (2008): 349–366. Web.

A. Nayak. ‘Displaced Masculinities: Chavs, Youth and Class in the Post-Industrial City’. Sociology 40.5 (2006): 813–831. Web.

Aas, Katja Franko. Globalization & Crime. 2nd ed. Key approaches to criminology. London: SAGE, 2013. Print.

---. Globalization & Crime. Series: Key approaches to criminology. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications, 2007. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781849204873>.

Adorjan, M., and W. H. Chui. ‘Colonial Responses to Youth Crime in Hong Kong: Penal Elitism, Legitimacy and Citizenship’. Theoretical Criminology 17.2 (2013): 159–177. Web.

Aldridge, J., J. Medina, and R. Ralphs. ‘Youth Gangs in an English City: Social Exclusion, Drugs and Violence | ESRC | Economic and Social Research Council’. 2007. Web. <https://www.academia.edu/1145818/Youth_Gangs_in_an_English_City>.

Alexander, C. ‘(Re)Thinking Gangs’. 2008. Web. <https://www.runnymedetrust.org/publications/rethinking-gangs>.

Alistair Fraser. ‘Street Habitus: Gangs, Territorialism and Social Change in Glasgow’. Journal of Youth Studies 16.8 (2013): 970–985. Web.

---. Urban Legends: Gang Identity in the Post-Industrial City. First edition. Clarendon studies in criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198728610.001.0001>.

Anderson, Elijah. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York, N.Y.: W.W Norton & Company, 1999. Print.

---. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York, N.Y.: W.W Norton & Company, 1999. Print.

Andrew Davies. ‘Street Gangs, Crime and Policing in Glasgow during the 1930s: The Case of the Beehive Boys∗’. Social History 23.3 (1998): 251–267. Web.

---. ‘Street Gangs, Crime and Policing in Glasgow during the 1930s: The Case of the Beehive Boys∗’. Social History 23.3 (1998): 251–267. Web.

Andrew Jones. Globalization: Key Thinkers. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2010. Print.

Andy Furlong, ed. Handbook of Youth and Young Adulthood: New Perspectives and Agendas. Routledge international handbooks. London: Routledge, 2009. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780203881965>.

Angela Bartie. ‘Moral Panics and Glasgow Gangs: Exploring “the New Wave of Glasgow Hooliganism”, 1965–1970’. Contemporary British History 24.3 (2010): 385–408. Web.

‘Animal Kingdom, [Television Programme, Online], Prod. Credit n.k., Prod. Company n.k., Prod. Country n.k., 22:45 1/1/2013, Film4, 140mins. Http://Bobnational.Net/Record/131784, (Accessed 11/01/2016).’ 2010. Web. <https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gla.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&amp;target=https%3A%2F%2Flearningonscreen.ac.uk%2Fondemand%2Findex.php%2Fprog%2F058E3530%3Fbcast%3D99445443>.

Anne Campbell. The Girls in the Gang. 2nd ed. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991. Print.

Anoop Nayak. ‘Displaced Masculinities: Chavs, Youth and Class in the Post-Industrial City’. Sociology 40.5 (2006): 813–831. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42858243>.

Atkinson-Sheppard, Sally. ‘The Gangs of Bangladesh: Exploring Organized Crime, Street Gangs and “Illicit Child Labourers” in Dhaka’. Criminology & Criminal Justice 16.2 (2016): 233–249. Web.

Baird, Adam. ‘Negotiating Pathways to Manhood: Rejecting Gangs and Violence in Medellín’s Periphery’. Journal of Conflictology 3.1 (2012): n. pag. Web.

Bannister, Jon et al. ‘Troublesome Youth Groups, Gangs and Knife Carrying in Scotland’. 2010. Web. <http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2010/09/09143042/0>.

---. Troublesome Youth Groups, Gangs and Knife Carrying in Scotland. Crime and justice. Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research, 2010. Web. <https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/1257/1/0104329.pdf>.

Bartie, Angela. ‘Moral Panics and Glasgow Gangs: Exploring “the New Wave of Glasgow Hooliganism”, 1965–1970’. Contemporary British History 24.3 (2010): 385–408. Web.

‘Bosozoku - Wikipedia’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku>.

Bourgois, Philippe I. In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. 2nd ed. Structural analysis in the social sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Print.

---. In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808562>.

‘Boyz N the Hood, [Television Programme, Online]’. 1991. Web. <https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/00088E32>.

Brake, Mike. Comparative Youth Culture: The Sociology of Youth Cultures and Youth Subcultures in America, Britain and Canada. London: Routledge, 1985. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&amp;isbn=9780203408940>.

Brasor, Philip. ‘“Freeter” Drama Reflects Japan’s Income Gap | The Japan Times’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2010/11/21/national/media-national/freeter-drama-reflects-japans-income-gap/#.Vo0HdlLzm5J>.

Brenneman, Robert E. and Oxford University Press. Homies and Hermanos: God and Gangs in Central America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753840.001.0001>.

‘British Journal of Criminology’. (1960): n. pag. Web. <https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2196820>.

British Society of Criminology. ‘Criminology & Criminal Justice: CCJ.’ (2006): n. pag. Web. <https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2318605>.

Brotherton, David. Youth Street Gangs: A Critical Appraisal. New directions in critical criminology. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2015. Print.

Brotherton, David, and Luis Barrios. The Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation: Street Politics and the Transformation of a New York City Gang. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://degruyter.com/document/isbn/9780231509060/html>.

Bruneau, Thomas C., Lucía Dammert, and Elizabeth Skinner. Maras: Gang Violence and Security in Central America. 1st ed. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2011. Print.

Bucerius, Sandra M. Unwanted: Muslim Immigrants, Dignity and Drug Dealing. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199856473.001.0001>.

Burke, Roger Hopkins. Young People, Crime and Justice. Cullompton, Devon: Willan Pub, 2008. Print.

C. Alexander. ‘(Re)Thinking Gangs’. 2008. Web. <http://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/RethinkingGangs-2008.pdf>.

Campbell, Anne. The Girls in the Gang. 2nd ed. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991. Print.

Chiu, Stephen Wing-kai, and Dale Lü. The Dynamics of Social Movement in Hong Kong. Hong Kong culture and society. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2000. Print.

---. The Dynamics of Social Movement in Hong Kong. Hong Kong culture and society. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2000. Print.

Choi, Alfred, and T. Wing Lo. Fighting Youth Crime: Success and Failure of Two Little Dragons. Singapore: Times Academic Press, 2002. Print.

---. Fighting Youth Crime: Success and Failure of Two Little Dragons. Singapore: Times Academic Press, 2002. Print.

---. Fighting Youth Crime: Success and Failure of Two Little Dragons. Singapore: Times Academic Press, 2002. Print.

Chris Greer. Crime and Media: A Reader. Routledge student readers. London: Routledge, 2010. Print.

---, ed. Crime and Media: A Reader. Routledge student readers. London: Routledge, 2010. Print.

---, ed. Crime and Media: A Reader. Routledge student readers. London: Routledge, 2010. Print.

‘City Of God , 00:40 25/09/2010, FilmFour, 155 Mins.’ 2002. Web. <https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gla.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&amp;target=https%3A%2F%2Flearningonscreen.ac.uk%2Fondemand%2Findex.php%2Fprog%2F004F3033%3Fbcast%3D53536296>.

Claire E. Alexander. The Asian Gang: Ethnicity, Identity, Masculinity. Oxford: Berg, 2000. Print.

Cloward, Richard A., and Lloyd E. Ohlin. Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs. International library of sociology and social reconstruction (Routledge&Kegan Paul). London: Routledge, 1961. Print.

Cohen, Albert Kircidel. Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. 1st Free Press pbk. ed. New York, NY: Free Press, 1971. Print.

‘Concern.Sg - YouthAtRisk’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://www.concern.sg/YouthAtRisk>.

Connell, R. W. ‘Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept’. Gender and Society 19.6 (2005): 829–859. Web.

‘Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime.html>.

‘Crime, Media, Culture’. (2005): n. pag. Web. <https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2465956>.

Cumbers, Andrew, Gesa Helms, and Marilyn Keen. ‘Beyond Aspiration: Young People and Decent Work in the de-Industrialised City’. Web. <http://www.variant.org.uk/events/Doc7Poverty/BeyondAspiration.pdf>.

Damer, Seán. Glasgow: Going for a Song. Series: City cultures. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990. Print.

David M. Downes. The Delinquent Solution: A Study in Subcultural Theory. International library of sociology and social reconstruction (Routledge&Kegan Paul). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966. Print.

Davies, Andrew. ‘The Scottish Chicago?’ Cultural and Social History 4.4 (2007): 511–527. Web.

---. ‘The Scottish Chicago?’ Cultural and Social History 4.4 (2007): 511–527. Web.

Davis, Mike and American Council of Learned Societies. City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. New ed. London: Verso, 2006. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01817>.

DeGolyer, Michael E. ‘Protest and Post 80’s Youth: Sources of Social Instability in Hong Kong’. 2010. Web. <http://hktp.org/list/protest_and_post_80s_youths.pdf>.

---. ‘Protest and Post-80s Youth : Sources of Social Instability in Hong Kong’. 2010. Web. <https://hktp.org/list/protest_and_post_80s_youths.pdf>.

Densley, James A. How Gangs Work: An Ethnography of Youth Violence. St. Antony’s series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan in association with St Antony’s College, Oxford, 2013. Print.

---. How Gangs Work: An Ethnography of Youth Violence. St. Antony’s series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan in association with St Antony’s College, Oxford, 2013. Print.

‘Do the Right Thing, [Television Programme, Online], Prod. Credit n.k., Prod. Company n.k., Prod. Country n.k., 00:05 19/3/2008, ITV4, 132mins. Http://Bobnational.Net/Record/1621, (Accessed 11/01/2016).’ 2001. Web. <https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/000071BF>.

Downes, David M., Paul Elliott Rock, and Eugene McLaughlin. Understanding Deviance: A Guide to the Sociology of Crime and Rule-Breaking. Seventh edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. Print.

---. Understanding Deviance: A Guide to the Sociology of Crime and Rule-Breaking. Seventh edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. Print.

Drache, Daniel, and Marc D. Froese. Defiant Publics: The Unprecedented Reach of the Global Citizen. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2008. Print.

Dwight Conquergood. ‘The Power of Symbols’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.gangresearch.net/GangResearch/Media/Power.htm>.

Edmund W. Vaz. ‘Juvenile Gang Delinquency in Paris’. Social Problems 10.1 (1962): 23–31. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/799404>.

‘Ethnography’. (2000): n. pag. Web. <https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2465976>.

European Society of Criminology. ‘European Journal of Criminology’. (2004): n. pag. Web. <https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2465978>.

Fitzpatrick, S. A. T. ‘Myths and Rituals Surrounding Delinquent Gangs in Edinburgh and Dundee’. N.p., 1972. Web. <https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/7163>.

Flores, Edward. God’s Gangs: Barrio Ministry, Masculinity, and Gang Recovery. New York: New York University Press, 2014. Print.

Fraser, Alistair. ‘Street Habitus: Gangs, Territorialism and Social Change in Glasgow’. Journal of Youth Studies 16.8 (2013): 970–985. Web.

---. Urban Legends: Gang Identity in the Post-Industrial City. First edition. Clarendon studies in criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198728610.001.0001>.

---. Urban Legends: Gang Identity in the Post-Industrial City. First edition. Clarendon studies in criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198728610.001.0001>.

Frey, Lawrence R. Group Communication in Context: Studies of Natural Groups. LEA’s communication series. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1994. Print.

Friday, Paul C., and Xin Ren. Delinquency and Juvenile Justice Systems in the Non-Western World. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press, 2006. Print.

Furlong, Andy, and Fred Cartmel. Young People and Social Change: New Perspectives. 2nd ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2007. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&amp;isbn=9780335229758>.

‘Gangs and Armed Young Men around the World’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://gangresearch.net/Globalization/Globroom.html>.

Garot, Robert. Who You Claim: Performing Gang Identity in School and on the Streets. Alternative criminology series. New York: New York University Press, 2010. Print.

Gemert, Frank van, Dana Peterson, and Inger-Lise Lien. Street Gangs, Migration and Ethnicity. Cullompton, UK: Willan, 2008. Print.

Goffman, Alice. On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City. Chicago, [Illinois]: The University of Chicago Press, 2014. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&amp;isbn=9780226136851>.

Goldson, Barry. Youth in Crisis?: ‘Gangs’, Territoriality and Violence. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=668411>.

---. Youth in Crisis?: ‘Gangs’, Territoriality and Violence. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=668411>.

Goldson, Barry and Ebooks Corporation Limited. Youth in Crisis?: ‘Gangs’, Territoriality and Violence. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=668411>.

Goldson, Barry, and John Muncie. Youth Crime and Juvenile Justice. Sage library of criminology. Los Angeles: Sage, 2009. Print.

Gray, Patricia. ‘The Struggle for Juvenile Justice in Hong Kong 1932-1995’. Hong Kong Law Journal 26.3 (1996): 301–320. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/honkon26&amp;collection=journals&amp;id=325>.

Groves, J. M., W.-Y. Ho, and K. Siu. ‘Youth Studies and Timescapes: Insights From an Ethnographic Study of “Young Night Drifters” in Hong Kong’s Public Housing Estates’. Youth & Society 44.4 (2012): 548–566. Web.

Gunst, Laurie. Born Fi’ Dead: A Journey through the Yardie Underworld. Edinburgh: Canongate, 2003. Print.

Gutierrez Rivera, Lirio. Territories of Violence: State, Marginal Youth, and Public Security in Honduras. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137027955>.

Hagedorn, John. A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture. Globalization and community series. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2008. Print.

---. A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture. Globalization and community series. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2008. Print.

---. The Insane Chicago Way: The Daring Plan by Chicago Gangs to Create a Spanish Mafia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. Print.

---. The Insane Chicago Way: The Daring Plan by Chicago Gangs to Create a Spanish Mafia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. Print.

Hagedorn, John M. ‘A Genealogy of Gangs in Chicago :  Bringing the State Back into Gang Research’. Web. <http://gangresearch.net/Archives/hagedorn/articles/genealogy.pdf>.

---. ‘A Genealogy of Gangs in Chicago: Bringing the State Back into Gang Research’. 2009. Web. <http://gangresearch.net/Archives/hagedorn/articles/genealogy.pdf>.

Hall, Steve, and Simon Winlow, eds. New Directions in Criminological Theory. First edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2012. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=981915>.

Hall, Stuart, and Tony Jefferson, eds. Resistance through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain. Second edition. London: Routledge, 2006. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=356177>.

Hallsworth, Simon. The Gang and beyond: Interpreting Violent Street Worlds. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9781137358103>.

Hallsworth, Simon, and David Brotherton. ‘Urban Disorder and Gangs: A Critique and a Warning’. Web. <http://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/UrbanDisorderandGangs-2011.pdf>.

---. Urban Disorder and Gangs: A Critique and a Warning. Runnymede Trust, 2011. Web. <https://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/UrbanDisorderandGangs-2011.pdf>.

---. Urban Disorder and Gangs: A Critique and a Warning. Runnymede Trust, 2011. Web. <https://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/UrbanDisorderandGangs-2011.pdf>.

Hazen, Jennifer M., and Dennis Rodgers, eds. Global Gangs: Street Violence across the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014. Print.

---, eds. Global Gangs: Street Violence across the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014. Print.

Heinonen, Paula. Youth Gangs and Street Children: Culture, Nurture and Masculinity in Ethiopia. Social identities. New York: Berghahn, 2013. Print.

Held, David and Open University. A Globalizing World?: Culture, Economics, Politics. 2nd ed. London: Routledge in association with The Open University, 2004. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&amp;isbn=9780203392195>.

Hobbs, Dick. Lush Life: Constructing Organized Crime in the UK. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199668281.001.0001>.

---. Lush Life: Constructing Organized Crime in the UK. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199668281.001.0001>.

Ian Loader. Youth, Policing and Democracy. Basingstoke: MacMillan, 1996. Print.

Ilan, J. ‘“If You Don’t Let Us In, We’ll Get Arrested”: Class-Cultural Dynamics in the Provision of, and Resistance to, Youth Justice Work’. Youth Justice 10.1 (2010): 25–39. Web.

---. ‘Street Social Capital in the Liquid City’. Ethnography 14.1 (2013): 3–24. Web.

Ilan, Jonathan. Understanding Street Culture: Poverty, Crime, Youth and Cool. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Print.

‘Ill Manors , 23:30 01/08/2015, BBC2 Wales, 115 Mins’. 2012. Web. <https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&amp;target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/02FE5C84>.

J. Cottrell-Boyce. ‘Ending Gang and Youth Violence: A Critique’. Youth Justice 13.3 (2013): 193–206. Web.

J. Hagedorn and B. Rauch. ‘Housing, Gangs, and Homicide: What We Can Learn from Chicago’. Urban Affairs Review 42.4 (2007): 435–456. Web.

J. M. Groves, W.-Y. Ho, and K. Siu. ‘Youth Studies and Timescapes: Insights From an Ethnographic Study of “Young Night Drifters” in Hong Kong’s Public Housing Estates’. Youth & Society 44.4 (2012): 548–566. Web.

J. Miller. ‘The Strengths and Limits of “doing Gender” for Understanding Street Crime’. Theoretical Criminology 6.4 (2002): 433–460. Web.

J. W. Messerschmidt. ‘On Gang Girls, Gender and a Structured Action Theory: A Reply to Miller’. Theoretical Criminology 6.4 (2002): 461–475. Web.

James Patrick. A Glasgow Gang Observed. London: Eyre Methuen, 1973. Print.

---. A Glasgow Gang Observed. London: Eyre Methuen, 1973. Print.

Jeff Ferrell. ‘Youth, Crime, and Cultural Space’. Social Justice 24.4 (1997): 21–38. Web. <http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/29767040?pq-origsite=summon&amp;seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents>.

Jeff Ferrell, Keith Hayward, Jock Young, ed. Cultural Criminology: An Invitation. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2008. Print.

---, ed. Cultural Criminology: An Invitation. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2008. Print.

Jody Miller. One of the Guys: Girls, Gangs, and Gender. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. Print.

John Hagedorn. A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture. Globalization and community series. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2008. Print.

---, ed. Gangs in the Global City: Alternatives to Traditional Criminology. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois Press, 2007. Print.

John M. Hagedorn, ed. Gangs in the Global City: Alternatives to Traditional Criminology. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois Press, 2007. Print.

---, ed. Gangs in the Global City: Alternatives to Traditional Criminology. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois Press, 2007. Print.

---, ed. Gangs in the Global City: Alternatives to Traditional Criminology. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois Press, 2007. Print.

John Muncie and Barry Goldson, ed. Comparative Youth Justice: Critical Issues. London: SAGE Publications, 2006. Web. <https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&amp;dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781847878236>.

John Muncie, Gordon Hughes, Eugene McLaughlin, ed. Youth Justice: Critical Readings. London: SAGE in association with the Open University, 2002. Print.

John Pitts. Reluctant Gangsters: The Changing Face of Youth Crime. Cullompton: Willan Publishing, 2008. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781843926672>.

---. Reluctant Gangsters: The Changing Face of Youth Crime. Cullompton: Willan Publishing, 2008. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781843926672>.

John Winterdyk. Juvenile Justice Systems. Canadian Scholars Press. Print.

Jones, Gareth A., and Dennis Rodgers. Youth Violence in Latin America: Gangs and Juvenile Justice in Perspective. Studies of the Americas. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Print.

Jones, Maggie. ‘Shutting Themselves In - New York Times’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/15/magazine/15japanese.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=1&amp;>.

‘Journal of Youth Studies’. (1998): n. pag. Web. <https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2202397>.

K. Franko Aas. ‘Analysing a World in Motion: Global Flows Meet `criminology of the Other’’. Theoretical Criminology 11.2 (2007): 283–303. Web.

Kassovitz, Mathieu. ‘La Haine’. 2006. Web. <https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&amp;target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/buf4d3916>.

Keith J. Hayward and Mike Presdee, ed. Framing Crime: Cultural Criminology and the Image. A GlassHouse book. London: Routledge, 2010. Print.

‘Kidulthood , 21:45 21/04/2012, BBC3, 90 Mins.’ 2006. Web. <https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&amp;target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/007F2CFF>.

Kirkness, Paul. ‘The Cités Strike Back: Restive Responses to Territorial Taint in the French Banlieues’. Environment and Planning A 46.6 (2014): 1281–1296. Web.

Kremer, William, and Claudia Hammond. ‘Hikikomori: Why Are so Many Japanese Men Refusing to Leave Their Rooms? - BBC News’. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23182523>.

Lam, Wai-man. Understanding the Political Culture of Hong Kong: The Paradox of Activism and Depoliticization. Hong Kong becoming China. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2004. Print.

Les Back. New Ethnicities and Urban Culture: Racisms and Multiculture in Young Lives. Race and representation series. London: UCL Press, 1996. Print.

Liebling, Alison, Maruna Shadd, and Lesley McAra, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 7th edn. [Oxford]: Oxford University Press, 2023. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198860914.001.0001>.

---, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 7th edn. [Oxford]: Oxford University Press, 2023. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198860914.001.0001>.

Liu, Weiqiang et al. ‘Gu Huo Zi Zhi Ren Zai Jiang Hu = Young and Dangerous’. 199AD : n. pag. Print.

Lo, T. W. ‘Triadization of Youth Gangs in Hong Kong’. British Journal of Criminology 52.3 (2012): 556–576. Web.

Loïc J. D. Wacquant. Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780745674643>.

Louis Kontos, David Brotherton, and Luis Barrios, ed. Gangs and Society: Alternative Perspectives. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2003. Print.

MacCallum, R. G. Tongs Ya Bas: The Explosive History of Glasgow’s Street Gangs|. [Glasgow]: New Glasgow Library, 1994. Print.

MacDonald, Robert, and Jane Marsh. Disconnected Youth?: Growing up in Poor Britain’s Poor Neighbourhoods. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print.

‘Made in Hong Kong’. 1997. Web. <https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0123328/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1>.

Malcolm W. Klein [et al.], ed. The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U.S. and Europe. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. Print.

Mark Cieslik and Donald Simpson. Key Concepts in Youth Studies. Series: The SAGE key concepts series. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2013. Print.

Matza, David. Delinquency and Drift. [New ed.]. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1990. Print.

McVie, Susan and Scotland. Social Research. Gang Membership and Knife Carrying: Findings from the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime. Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research, 2010. Web. <https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20150219044301/http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2010/09/09115209/0>.

Meda Chesney-Lind and John M. Hagedorn, ed. Female Gangs in America: Essays on Girls, Gangs and Gender. Chicago: Lake View Press, 1999. Print.

Messerschmidt, James W. Crime as Structured Action: Gender, Race, Class and Crime in the Making. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications, 1997. Print.

‘Mi Vida Loca’. 1993. Web. <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107566/>.

Mike Royko. Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago. New York: Dutton, 1971. Print.

Muncie, John. Youth & Crime. 4th ed. London: SAGE, 2015. Print.

---. Youth & Crime. 4th ed. London: SAGE, 2015. Print.

---. Youth & Crime. 4th ed. London: SAGE, 2015. Print.

---. Youth & Crime. 4th ed. London: SAGE, 2015. Print.

---. Youth & Crime. 4th ed. London: SAGE, 2015. Print.

---. Youth and Crime. 5th Edition. London: Sage Publishing, 2021. Web. <https://app.talis.com/textbooks/9781529756999>.

Muncie, John, Deborah Talbot, and Reece Walters, eds. Crime: Local and Global. London: Routledge, 2014. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1694458>.

‘Neds, [Television Programme, Online], Prod. Credit n.k., Prod. Company n.k., Prod. Country n.k., 23:20 28/9/2014, Film4, 140mins. Http://Bobnational.Net/Record/244030, (Accessed 11/01/2016).’ Web. <https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/05AA3854>.

Newburn, Tim. ‘The 2011 England Riots in Recent Historical Perspective’. British Journal of Criminology 55.1 (2015): 39–64. Web.

Nicole Hahn Rafter. Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print.

Norma Mendoza-Denton. Homegirls: Language and Cultural Practice among Latina Youth Gangs. New directions in ethnography. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishing, 2008. Print.

Parker, Howard. View from the Boys: A Sociology of down-Town Adolescents. Modern revivals in sociology. Aldershot: Gregg Revivals, 1992. Print.

Paul Corrigan. Schooling the Smash Street Kids. Series: Crisis points. London: Macmillan, 1979. Print.

Peace Studies Group. ‘Youth and Urban Violence in San Salvador, Rio De Janeiro and Praia: Public Policies, Community-Based Responses and Recommendations’. 2012. Web. <http://www.ces.uc.pt/myces/UserFiles/livros/1097_201202IfPEWYouthViolenceRioSanPra.pdf>.

Perrone, Paul A., and Meda Chesney-Lind. ‘Representations of Gangs and Delinquency: Wild in the Streets?’ Social Justice 24.4 (1997): n. pag. Web. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/29767044>.

‘Pixote’. 1981. Web. <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082912/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1>.

‘Punishment & Society: The International Journal of Penology’. (1999): n. pag. Web. <https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2204620>.

‘Qualitative Research: QR.’ (2001): n. pag. Web. <http://encore.lib.gla.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rb2204630?lang=eng>.

‘Reading the Riots | UK News | The Guardian’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://www.theguardian.com/uk/series/reading-the-riots>.

‘---’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://www.theguardian.com/uk/series/reading-the-riots>.

Robert E. L. Faris. Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932. Series: Chandler publications in anthropology and sociology. San Francisco, California: Chandler Publishing Company, 1967. Print.

Ross Deuchar. Gangs, Marginalised Youth and Social Capital. Stoke on Trent: Trentham Books, 2009. Print.

Samara, Tony Roshan. Cape Town after Apartheid: Crime and Governance in the Divided City. Minneapolis, [Minnesota]: University of Minnesota Press, 2011. Print.

Sánchez-Jankowski, Martín. Islands in the Street: Gangs and American Urban Society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1991. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=837252>.

Sandberg, S. ‘Street Capital: Ethnicity and Violence on the Streets of Oslo’. Theoretical Criminology 12.2 (2008): 153–171. Web.

Sandberg, Sveinung, and Willy Pedersen. Street Capital: Black Cannabis Dealers in a White Welfare State. Bristol, U.K.: Policy Press, 2011. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781847421203.001.0001>.

---. Street Capital: Black Cannabis Dealers in a White Welfare State. Bristol, U.K.: Policy Press, 2011. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781847421203.001.0001>.

Sassen, Saskia. The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Print.

Sciamma, Céline et al. ‘Bande de Filles = Girlhood’. 2015 : n. pag. Print.

Scott H. Decker and Frank M. Weerman, ed. European Street Gangs and Troublesome Youth Groups. Violence prevention and policy series. Lanham, Md: AltaMira Press, 2005. Print.

Shary, Timothy. Teen Movies: American Youth on Screen. London: Wallflower, 2005. Print.

Shary, Timothy, and Alexandra Seibel. Youth Culture in Global Cinema. 1st ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2007. Print.

Simons, Herbert W., and Michael Billig. After Postmodernism: Reconstructing Ideology Critique. Inquiries in social construction. London: Sage, 1994. Print.

‘Singapore State Courts: Family Justice Courts / Youth Court Matters’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://www.familyjusticecourts.gov.sg/Common/Pages/YouthMatters.aspx>.

‘Small Faces, [Television Programme, Online], Prod. Credit n.k., Prod. Company n.k., Prod. Country n.k., 23:50 18/9/2007, BBC ONE, 105mins. Http://Bobnational.Net/Record/236088, (Accessed 11/01/2016).’ Web. <https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/0009B01C?bcast=27378324>.

‘Sociology: The Journal of the British Sociological Association’. (1967): n. pag. Web. <https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2205353>.

Squires, Peter, and Arianna Silvestri. ‘Street Weapons Commission: Guns, Knives and Street Violence’. 2008. Web. <http://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/sites/crimeandjustice.org.uk/files/C4%20Street%20crime_1.pdf>.

Standing, Guy. The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2011. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&amp;isbn=9781849664547>.

Stephenson, Svetlana. Gangs of Russia: From the Streets to the Corridors of Power. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2015. Print.

Steve Hall and Simon Winlow, eds. New Directions in Criminological Theory. First edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2012. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=981915>.

---, eds. New Directions in Criminological Theory. First edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2012. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=981915>.

T. W. Lo. ‘Triadization of Youth Gangs in Hong Kong’. British Journal of Criminology 52.3 (2012): 556–576. Web.

Taylor, Ian R., and Laurie Taylor. Politics and Deviance. Pelican books. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1973. Print.

Terrio, Susan J. Judging Mohammed: Juvenile Delinquency, Immigration, and Exclusion at the Paris Palace of Justice. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2009. Print.

‘The Bling Ring, [Television Programme, Online], Prod. Credit n.k., Prod. Company n.k., Prod. Country n.k., 21:00 23/4/2015, Film4, 105mins. Http://Bobnational.Net/Record/289486, (Accessed 12/01/2016).’ 2011. Web. <https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/06392FC9>.

‘The Wire’. 2002. Web. <https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gla.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&amp;target=https%3A%2F%2Flearningonscreen.ac.uk%2Fondemand%2Findex.php%2Fprog%2F0051C0CA%3Fbcast%3D31972344>.

‘Theoretical Criminology’. n. pag. Web. <https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2205724>.

Traver, Harold, and Jon Vagg. Crime and Justice in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1991. Print.

---. Crime and Justice in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1991. Print.

Travers, Max. ‘Comparing Juvenile Justice Systems: Towards a Qualitative Research Project in East Asia’. Asian Journal of Criminology 8.2 (2013): 115–128. Web.

Treadwell, J. et al. ‘Shopocalypse Now: Consumer Culture and the English Riots of 2011’. British Journal of Criminology 53.1 (2013): 1–17. Web.

---. ‘Shopocalypse Now: Consumer Culture and the English Riots of 2011’. British Journal of Criminology 53.1 (2013): 1–17. Web.

Trevor Jones and Tim Newburn. Policy Transfer and Criminal Justice: Exploring US Influence over British Crime Control Policy. Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2007. Print.

‘Tsotsi , 00:20 11/08/2013, BBC2 (BBC2 England, BBC2 Scotland, BBC2 Wales), 90 Mins.’ 2005. Web. <https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&amp;target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/00DED673>.

Venkatesh, Sudhir Alladi. Gang Leader for a Day: A Rogue Sociologist Crosses the Line. London: Penguin, 2009. Print.

---. Gang Leader for a Day: A Rogue Sociologist Crosses the Line. London: Penguin, 2009. Print.

Venkatesh, Sudhir Alladi, Ronald Kassimir, and Social Science Research Council (U.S.). Collaborative Research Network on Youth and Globalization. Youth, Globalization, and the Law. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2007. Print.

---. Youth, Globalization, and the Law. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2007. Print.

Vigil, James Diego. A Rainbow of Gangs: Street Cultures in the Mega-City. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002. Print.

Wacquant, Loïc J. D. Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780745674643>.

---. Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780745674643>.

---. Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780745674643>.

---. Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008. Web. <https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780745674643>.

Waddington, David P., Fabien Jobard, and Mike King, eds. Rioting in the UK and France: A Comparative Analysis. Cullompton: Willan, 2015. Print.

Wai-man Lam. Understanding the Political Culture of Hong Kong: The Paradox of Activism and Depoliticization. Series: Hong Kong becoming China. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2004. Print.

Ward, Colin. Vandalism. London: Architectural Press, 1973. Print.

Watts, Meredith. Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Youth: And Violence. Contemporary Studies in Sociology. Stamford: Jai Press, 1998. Print.

White, R. ‘Disputed Definitions and Fluid Identities: The Limitations of Social Profiling In Relation to Ethnic Youth Gangs’. Youth Justice 8.2 (2008): 149–161. Web.

White, R. D. Youth Gangs, Violence and Social Respect: Exploring the Nature of Provocations and Punch-Ups. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Web. <https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137333858>.

Williams, P. ‘Criminalising the Other: Challenging the Race-Gang Nexus’. Race & Class 56.3 (2015): 18–35. Web.

Willis, Paul E. Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs. Aldershot, Hampshire: Gower, 1981. Print.

Winlow, S., and S. Hall. ‘Living for the Weekend: Youth Identities in Northeast England’. Ethnography 10.1 (2009): 91–113. Web.

Winlow, Simon, and Steve Hall. Violent Night: Urban Leisure and Contemporary Culture. Oxford: Berg, 2006. Print.

Winterdyk, John. Juvenile Justice Systems: International Perspectives. 2nd ed. Toronto, Ont: Canadian Scholars’, 2002. Print.

World Health Organisation. ‘WHO Violence Prevention’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/violence-prevention>.

‘World Prison Brief’. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://www.prisonstudies.org/country/hong-kong-china>.

Young, T., W. Fitzgibbon, and D. Silverstone. ‘A Question of Family? Youth and Gangs’. Youth Justice 14.2 (2014): 171–185. Web.

‘Youth Justice: The Journal of the National Association for Youth Justice’. (2001): n. pag. Web. <https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2469778>.

Yvonne Jewkes. Media & Crime. 3rd edition. Key approaches to criminology. London: SAGE Publication Ltd, 2015. Print.

Zygmunt Bauman. Globalization: The Human Consequences. European perspectives. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998. Web. <https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1207767>.