A. Fraser and C. Atkinson. 2014. ‘Making Up Gangs: Looping, Labelling and the New Politics of Intelligence-Led Policing’. Youth Justice 14 (2): 154–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225414529047.
A. Gunter. 2008a. ‘Growing up Bad: Black Youth, `road’ Culture and Badness in an East London Neighbourhood’. Crime, Media, Culture 4 (3): 349–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659008096371.
———. 2008b. ‘Growing up Bad: Black Youth, `road’ Culture and Badness in an East London Neighbourhood’. Crime, Media, Culture 4 (3): 349–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659008096371.
A. Nayak. 2006. ‘Displaced Masculinities: Chavs, Youth and Class in the Post-Industrial City’. Sociology 40 (5): 813–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038506067508.
Aas, Katja Franko. 2007. Globalization & Crime. Vol. Series: Key approaches to criminology. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781849204873.
———. 2013. Globalization & Crime. 2nd ed. Vol. Key approaches to criminology. London: SAGE.
Adorjan, M., and W. H. Chui. 2013. ‘Colonial Responses to Youth Crime in Hong Kong: Penal Elitism, Legitimacy and Citizenship’. Theoretical Criminology 17 (2): 159–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480612472784.
Aldridge, J., J. Medina, and R. Ralphs. 2007. ‘Youth Gangs in an English City: Social Exclusion, Drugs and Violence | ESRC | Economic and Social Research Council’. https://www.academia.edu/1145818/Youth_Gangs_in_an_English_City.
Alexander, C. 2008. ‘(Re)Thinking Gangs’. London: Runnymede Trust. https://www.runnymedetrust.org/publications/rethinking-gangs.
Alistair Fraser. 2013. ‘Street Habitus: Gangs, Territorialism and Social Change in Glasgow’. Journal of Youth Studies 16 (8): 970–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2013.793791.
———. 2015. Urban Legends: Gang Identity in the Post-Industrial City. First edition. Vol. Clarendon studies in criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198728610.001.0001.
Anderson, Elijah. 1999a. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York, N.Y.: W.W Norton & Company.
———. 1999b. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York, N.Y.: W.W Norton & Company.
Andrew Davies. 1998a. ‘Street Gangs, Crime and Policing in Glasgow during the 1930s: The Case of the Beehive Boys∗’. Social History 23 (3): 251–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071029808568037.
———. 1998b. ‘Street Gangs, Crime and Policing in Glasgow during the 1930s: The Case of the Beehive Boys∗’. Social History 23 (3): 251–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071029808568037.
Andrew Jones. 2010. Globalization: Key Thinkers. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Andy Furlong, ed. 2009. Handbook of Youth and Young Adulthood: New Perspectives and Agendas. Electronic resource. Vol. Routledge international handbooks. London: Routledge. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780203881965.
Angela Bartie. 2010. ‘Moral Panics and Glasgow Gangs: Exploring “the New Wave of Glasgow Hooliganism”, 1965–1970’. Contemporary British History 24 (3): 385–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2010.497248.
‘Animal Kingdom, [Television Programme, Online], Prod. Credit n.k., Prod. Company n.k., Prod. Country n.k., 22:45 1/1/2013, Film4, 140mins. Http://Bobnational.Net/Record/131784, (Accessed 11/01/2016).’ 2010. https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gla.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&target=https%3A%2F%2Flearningonscreen.ac.uk%2Fondemand%2Findex.php%2Fprog%2F058E3530%3Fbcast%3D99445443.
Anne Campbell. 1991. The Girls in the Gang. 2nd ed. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Anoop Nayak. 2006. ‘Displaced Masculinities: Chavs, Youth and Class in the Post-Industrial City’. Sociology 40 (5): 813–31. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42858243.
Atkinson-Sheppard, Sally. 2016. ‘The Gangs of Bangladesh: Exploring Organized Crime, Street Gangs and “Illicit Child Labourers” in Dhaka’. Criminology & Criminal Justice 16 (2): 233–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895815616445.
Baird, Adam. 2012. ‘Negotiating Pathways to Manhood: Rejecting Gangs and Violence in Medellín’s Periphery’. Journal of Conflictology 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.7238/joc.v3i1.1438.
Bannister, Jon. 2010. Troublesome Youth Groups, Gangs and Knife Carrying in Scotland. Electronic resource. Vol. Crime and justice. Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research. https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/1257/1/0104329.pdf.
Bannister, Jon, Jon Pickering, Susan Batchelor, Michele Burman, and Keith Kintrea. 2010. ‘Troublesome Youth Groups, Gangs and Knife Carrying in Scotland’. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2010/09/09143042/0.
Bartie, Angela. 2010. ‘Moral Panics and Glasgow Gangs: Exploring “the New Wave of Glasgow Hooliganism”, 1965–1970’. Contemporary British History 24 (3): 385–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2010.497248.
‘Bosozoku - Wikipedia’. n.d. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku.
Bourgois, Philippe I. 2003a. In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. 2nd ed. Vol. Structural analysis in the social sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 2003b. In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808562.
‘Boyz N the Hood, [Television Programme, Online]’. 1991. https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/00088E32.
Brake, Mike. 1985. Comparative Youth Culture: The Sociology of Youth Cultures and Youth Subcultures in America, Britain and Canada. Electronic resource. London: Routledge. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780203408940.
Brasor, Philip. n.d. ‘“Freeter” Drama Reflects Japan’s Income Gap | The Japan Times’. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2010/11/21/national/media-national/freeter-drama-reflects-japans-income-gap/#.Vo0HdlLzm5J.
Brenneman, Robert E. and Oxford University Press. 2012. Homies and Hermanos: God and Gangs in Central America. Electronic resource. New York: Oxford University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199753840.001.0001.
‘British Journal of Criminology’. 1960. Electronic resource. https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2196820.
British Society of Criminology. 2006. ‘Criminology & Criminal Justice: CCJ.’ Electronic resource. https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2318605.
Brotherton, David. 2015. Youth Street Gangs: A Critical Appraisal. Vol. New directions in critical criminology. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Brotherton, David, and Luis Barrios. 2004. The Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation: Street Politics and the Transformation of a New York City Gang. New York: Columbia University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://degruyter.com/document/isbn/9780231509060/html.
Bruneau, Thomas C., Lucía Dammert, and Elizabeth Skinner. 2011. Maras: Gang Violence and Security in Central America. 1st ed. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Bucerius, Sandra M. 2014. Unwanted: Muslim Immigrants, Dignity and Drug Dealing. New York: Oxford University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199856473.001.0001.
Burke, Roger Hopkins. 2008. Young People, Crime and Justice. Cullompton, Devon: Willan Pub.
C. Alexander. 2008a. ‘(Re)Thinking Gangs’. London: Runnymede Trust. http://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/RethinkingGangs-2008.pdf.
Campbell, Anne. 1991. The Girls in the Gang. 2nd ed. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Chiu, Stephen Wing-kai, and Dale Lü. 2000a. The Dynamics of Social Movement in Hong Kong. Vol. Hong Kong culture and society. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
———. 2000b. The Dynamics of Social Movement in Hong Kong. Vol. Hong Kong culture and society. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Choi, Alfred, and T. Wing Lo. 2002a. Fighting Youth Crime: Success and Failure of Two Little Dragons. Singapore: Times Academic Press.
———. 2002b. Fighting Youth Crime: Success and Failure of Two Little Dragons. Singapore: Times Academic Press.
———. 2002c. Fighting Youth Crime: Success and Failure of Two Little Dragons. Singapore: Times Academic Press.
Chris Greer. 2010. Crime and Media: A Reader. Vol. Routledge student readers. London: Routledge.
———, ed. 2010a. Crime and Media: A Reader. Vol. Routledge student readers. London: Routledge.
———, ed. 2010b. Crime and Media: A Reader. Vol. Routledge student readers. London: Routledge.
‘City Of God , 00:40 25/09/2010, FilmFour, 155 Mins.’ 2002. FilmFour. https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gla.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&target=https%3A%2F%2Flearningonscreen.ac.uk%2Fondemand%2Findex.php%2Fprog%2F004F3033%3Fbcast%3D53536296.
Claire E. Alexander. 2000. The Asian Gang: Ethnicity, Identity, Masculinity. Oxford: Berg.
Cloward, Richard A., and Lloyd E. Ohlin. 1961. Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs. Vol. International library of sociology and social reconstruction (Routledge&Kegan Paul). London: Routledge.
Cohen, Albert Kircidel. 1971. Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. 1st Free Press pbk. ed. New York, NY: Free Press.
‘Concern.Sg - YouthAtRisk’. n.d. https://www.concern.sg/YouthAtRisk.
Connell, R. W. 2005. ‘Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept’. Gender and Society 19 (6): 829–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639.
‘Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics’. n.d. http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime.html.
‘Crime, Media, Culture’. 2005. Electronic resource. https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2465956.
Cumbers, Andrew, Gesa Helms, and Marilyn Keen. n.d. ‘Beyond Aspiration: Young People and Decent Work in the de-Industrialised City’. http://www.variant.org.uk/events/Doc7Poverty/BeyondAspiration.pdf.
Damer, Seán. 1990. Glasgow: Going for a Song. Vol. Series: City cultures. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
David M. Downes. 1966. The Delinquent Solution: A Study in Subcultural Theory. Vol. International library of sociology and social reconstruction (Routledge&Kegan Paul). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Davies, Andrew. 2007a. ‘The Scottish Chicago?’ Cultural and Social History 4 (4): 511–27. https://doi.org/10.2752/147800407X243505.
———. 2007b. ‘The Scottish Chicago?’ Cultural and Social History 4 (4): 511–27. https://doi.org/10.2752/147800407X243505.
Davis, Mike and American Council of Learned Societies. 2006. City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. Electronic resource. New ed. London: Verso. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01817.
DeGolyer, Michael E. 2010a. ‘Protest and Post 80’s Youth: Sources of Social Instability in Hong Kong’. Hong Kong Transition Project. http://hktp.org/list/protest_and_post_80s_youths.pdf.
———. 2010b. ‘Protest and Post-80s Youth : Sources of Social Instability in Hong Kong’. https://hktp.org/list/protest_and_post_80s_youths.pdf.
Densley, James A. 2013a. How Gangs Work: An Ethnography of Youth Violence. Vol. St. Antony’s series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan in association with St Antony’s College, Oxford.
———. 2013b. How Gangs Work: An Ethnography of Youth Violence. Vol. St. Antony’s series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan in association with St Antony’s College, Oxford.
‘Do the Right Thing, [Television Programme, Online], Prod. Credit n.k., Prod. Company n.k., Prod. Country n.k., 00:05 19/3/2008, ITV4, 132mins. Http://Bobnational.Net/Record/1621, (Accessed 11/01/2016).’ 2001. Universal City, CA: Universal City Studios. https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/000071BF.
Downes, David M., Paul Elliott Rock, and Eugene McLaughlin. 2016a. Understanding Deviance: A Guide to the Sociology of Crime and Rule-Breaking. Seventh edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2016b. Understanding Deviance: A Guide to the Sociology of Crime and Rule-Breaking. Seventh edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Drache, Daniel, and Marc D. Froese. 2008. Defiant Publics: The Unprecedented Reach of the Global Citizen. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Dwight Conquergood. n.d. ‘The Power of Symbols’. http://www.gangresearch.net/GangResearch/Media/Power.htm.
Edmund W. Vaz. 1962. ‘Juvenile Gang Delinquency in Paris’. Social Problems 10 (1): 23–31. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/799404.
‘Ethnography’. 2000. Electronic resource. https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2465976.
European Society of Criminology. 2004. ‘European Journal of Criminology’. Electronic resource. https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2465978.
Fitzpatrick, S. A. T. 1972. ‘Myths and Rituals Surrounding Delinquent Gangs in Edinburgh and Dundee’. https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/7163.
Flores, Edward. 2014. God’s Gangs: Barrio Ministry, Masculinity, and Gang Recovery. New York: New York University Press.
Fraser, Alistair. 2013. ‘Street Habitus: Gangs, Territorialism and Social Change in Glasgow’. Journal of Youth Studies 16 (8): 970–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2013.793791.
———. 2015a. Urban Legends: Gang Identity in the Post-Industrial City. First edition. Vol. Clarendon studies in criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198728610.001.0001.
———. 2015b. Urban Legends: Gang Identity in the Post-Industrial City. First edition. Vol. Clarendon studies in criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198728610.001.0001.
Frey, Lawrence R. 1994. Group Communication in Context: Studies of Natural Groups. Vol. LEA’s communication series. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.
Friday, Paul C., and Xin Ren. 2006. Delinquency and Juvenile Justice Systems in the Non-Western World. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
Furlong, Andy, and Fred Cartmel. 2007. Young People and Social Change: New Perspectives. Electronic resource. 2nd ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780335229758.
‘Gangs and Armed Young Men around the World’. n.d. http://gangresearch.net/Globalization/Globroom.html.
Garot, Robert. 2010. Who You Claim: Performing Gang Identity in School and on the Streets. Vol. Alternative criminology series. New York: New York University Press.
Gemert, Frank van, Dana Peterson, and Inger-Lise Lien. 2008. Street Gangs, Migration and Ethnicity. Cullompton, UK: Willan.
Goffman, Alice. 2014. On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City. Chicago, [Illinois]: The University of Chicago Press. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780226136851.
Goldson, Barry. 2011a. Youth in Crisis?: ‘Gangs’, Territoriality and Violence. Electronic resource. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=668411.
———. 2011b. Youth in Crisis?: ‘Gangs’, Territoriality and Violence. Electronic resource. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=668411.
Goldson, Barry and Ebooks Corporation Limited. 2011. Youth in Crisis?: ‘Gangs’, Territoriality and Violence. Electronic resource. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=668411.
Goldson, Barry, and John Muncie. 2009. Youth Crime and Juvenile Justice. Vol. Sage library of criminology. Los Angeles: Sage.
Gray, Patricia. 1996. ‘The Struggle for Juvenile Justice in Hong Kong 1932-1995’. Hong Kong Law Journal 26 (3): 301–20. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/honkon26&collection=journals&id=325.
Groves, J. M., W.-Y. Ho, and K. Siu. 2012. ‘Youth Studies and Timescapes: Insights From an Ethnographic Study of “Young Night Drifters” in Hong Kong’s Public Housing Estates’. Youth & Society 44 (4): 548–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X11407527.
Gunst, Laurie. 2003. Born Fi’ Dead: A Journey through the Yardie Underworld. Edinburgh: Canongate.
Gutierrez Rivera, Lirio. 2013. Territories of Violence: State, Marginal Youth, and Public Security in Honduras. Electronic resource. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137027955.
Hagedorn, John. 2008a. A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture. Vol. Globalization and community series. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
———. 2008b. A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture. Vol. Globalization and community series. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
———. 2015a. The Insane Chicago Way: The Daring Plan by Chicago Gangs to Create a Spanish Mafia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
———. 2015b. The Insane Chicago Way: The Daring Plan by Chicago Gangs to Create a Spanish Mafia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hagedorn, John M. 2009. ‘A Genealogy of Gangs in Chicago: Bringing the State Back into Gang Research’. http://gangresearch.net/Archives/hagedorn/articles/genealogy.pdf.
———. n.d. ‘A Genealogy of Gangs in Chicago : Bringing the State Back into Gang Research’. http://gangresearch.net/Archives/hagedorn/articles/genealogy.pdf.
Hall, Steve, and Simon Winlow, eds. 2012. New Directions in Criminological Theory. First edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=981915.
Hall, Stuart, and Tony Jefferson, eds. 2006. Resistance through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain. Second edition. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=356177.
Hallsworth, Simon. 2013. The Gang and beyond: Interpreting Violent Street Worlds. Electronic resource. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9781137358103.
Hallsworth, Simon, and David Brotherton. 2011a. Urban Disorder and Gangs: A Critique and a Warning. Runnymede Trust. https://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/UrbanDisorderandGangs-2011.pdf.
———. 2011b. Urban Disorder and Gangs: A Critique and a Warning. Runnymede Trust. https://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/UrbanDisorderandGangs-2011.pdf.
———. n.d. ‘Urban Disorder and Gangs: A Critique and a Warning’. Runnymede. http://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/publications/pdfs/UrbanDisorderandGangs-2011.pdf.
Hazen, Jennifer M., and Dennis Rodgers, eds. 2014a. Global Gangs: Street Violence across the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
———, eds. 2014b. Global Gangs: Street Violence across the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Heinonen, Paula. 2013. Youth Gangs and Street Children: Culture, Nurture and Masculinity in Ethiopia. Vol. Social identities. New York: Berghahn.
Held, David and Open University. 2004. A Globalizing World?: Culture, Economics, Politics. Electronic resource. 2nd ed. London: Routledge in association with The Open University. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780203392195.
Hobbs, Dick. 2013a. Lush Life: Constructing Organized Crime in the UK. Electronic resource. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199668281.001.0001.
———. 2013b. Lush Life: Constructing Organized Crime in the UK. Electronic resource. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199668281.001.0001.
Ian Loader. 1996. Youth, Policing and Democracy. Basingstoke: MacMillan.
Ilan, J. 2010. ‘“If You Don’t Let Us In, We’ll Get Arrested”: Class-Cultural Dynamics in the Provision of, and Resistance to, Youth Justice Work’. Youth Justice 10 (1): 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225409356760.
———. 2013. ‘Street Social Capital in the Liquid City’. Ethnography 14 (1): 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138112440983.
Ilan, Jonathan. 2015. Understanding Street Culture: Poverty, Crime, Youth and Cool. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
‘Ill Manors , 23:30 01/08/2015, BBC2 Wales, 115 Mins’. 2012. https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/02FE5C84.
J. Cottrell-Boyce. 2013. ‘Ending Gang and Youth Violence: A Critique’. Youth Justice 13 (3): 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225413505382.
J. Hagedorn and B. Rauch. 2007. ‘Housing, Gangs, and Homicide: What We Can Learn from Chicago’. Urban Affairs Review 42 (4): 435–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087406294435.
J. M. Groves, W.-Y. Ho, and K. Siu. 2012. ‘Youth Studies and Timescapes: Insights From an Ethnographic Study of “Young Night Drifters” in Hong Kong’s Public Housing Estates’. Youth & Society 44 (4): 548–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X11407527.
J. Miller. 2002. ‘The Strengths and Limits of “doing Gender” for Understanding Street Crime’. Theoretical Criminology 6 (4): 433–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/136248060200600403.
J. W. Messerschmidt. 2002. ‘On Gang Girls, Gender and a Structured Action Theory: A Reply to Miller’. Theoretical Criminology 6 (4): 461–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/136248060200600404.
James Patrick. 1973a. A Glasgow Gang Observed. London: Eyre Methuen.
———. 1973b. A Glasgow Gang Observed. London: Eyre Methuen.
Jeff Ferrell. 1997. ‘Youth, Crime, and Cultural Space’. Social Justice 24 (4): 21–38. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/29767040?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
Jeff Ferrell, Keith Hayward, Jock Young, ed. 2008b. Cultural Criminology: An Invitation. Los Angeles: SAGE.
———, ed. 2008c. Cultural Criminology: An Invitation. Los Angeles: SAGE.
Jody Miller. 2001. One of the Guys: Girls, Gangs, and Gender. New York: Oxford University Press.
John Hagedorn, ed. 2007a. Gangs in the Global City: Alternatives to Traditional Criminology. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois Press.
———. 2008. A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture. Vol. Globalization and community series. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
John M. Hagedorn, ed. 2007b. Gangs in the Global City: Alternatives to Traditional Criminology. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois Press.
———, ed. 2007c. Gangs in the Global City: Alternatives to Traditional Criminology. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois Press.
———, ed. 2007d. Gangs in the Global City: Alternatives to Traditional Criminology. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois Press.
John Muncie and Barry Goldson, ed. 2006. Comparative Youth Justice: Critical Issues. Electronic resource. London: SAGE Publications. https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9781847878236.
John Muncie, Gordon Hughes, Eugene McLaughlin, ed. 2002. Youth Justice: Critical Readings. London: SAGE in association with the Open University.
John Pitts. 2008a. Reluctant Gangsters: The Changing Face of Youth Crime. Electronic resource. Cullompton: Willan Publishing. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781843926672.
———. 2008b. Reluctant Gangsters: The Changing Face of Youth Crime. Electronic resource. Cullompton: Willan Publishing. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781843926672.
John Winterdyk. n.d. Juvenile Justice Systems. Paperback. Canadian Scholars Press.
Jones, Gareth A., and Dennis Rodgers. 2009. Youth Violence in Latin America: Gangs and Juvenile Justice in Perspective. Vol. Studies of the Americas. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jones, Maggie. n.d. ‘Shutting Themselves In - New York Times’. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/15/magazine/15japanese.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&
‘Journal of Youth Studies’. 1998. Electronic resource. https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2202397.
K. Franko Aas. 2007. ‘Analysing a World in Motion: Global Flows Meet `criminology of the Other’’. Theoretical Criminology 11 (2): 283–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480607075852.
Kassovitz, Mathieu. 2006. ‘La Haine’. [Paris]: Studio Canal. https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/buf4d3916.
Keith J. Hayward and Mike Presdee, ed. 2010c. Framing Crime: Cultural Criminology and the Image. Vol. A GlassHouse book. London: Routledge.
‘Kidulthood , 21:45 21/04/2012, BBC3, 90 Mins.’ 2006. https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/007F2CFF.
Kirkness, Paul. 2014. ‘The Cités Strike Back: Restive Responses to Territorial Taint in the French Banlieues’. Environment and Planning A 46 (6): 1281–96. https://doi.org/10.1068/a45636.
Kremer, William, and Claudia Hammond. n.d. ‘Hikikomori: Why Are so Many Japanese Men Refusing to Leave Their Rooms? - BBC News’. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23182523.
Lam, Wai-man. 2004. Understanding the Political Culture of Hong Kong: The Paradox of Activism and Depoliticization. Vol. Hong Kong becoming China. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
Les Back. 1996. New Ethnicities and Urban Culture: Racisms and Multiculture in Young Lives. Vol. Race and representation series. London: UCL Press.
Liebling, Alison, Maruna Shadd, and Lesley McAra, eds. 2023a. The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 7th edn. [Oxford]: Oxford University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198860914.001.0001.
———, eds. 2023b. The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. 7th edn. [Oxford]: Oxford University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198860914.001.0001.
Liu, Weiqiang, Cheng Lee Kin, Ng Chun Yue, Lamb Hiu Fung, Michael Tse, Chan Siu Chun, GiGi Lai, et al. 199AD. ‘Gu Huo Zi Zhi Ren Zai Jiang Hu = Young and Dangerous’. Videorecording. Hong Kong: Mei Ah Laser Disc Co.
Lo, T. W. 2012. ‘Triadization of Youth Gangs in Hong Kong’. British Journal of Criminology 52 (3): 556–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azr091.
Loïc J. D. Wacquant. 2008. Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780745674643.
Louis Kontos, David Brotherton, and Luis Barrios, ed. 2003. Gangs and Society: Alternative Perspectives. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
MacCallum, R. G. 1994. Tongs Ya Bas: The Explosive History of Glasgow’s Street Gangs|. [Glasgow]: New Glasgow Library.
MacDonald, Robert, and Jane Marsh. 2005. Disconnected Youth?: Growing up in Poor Britain’s Poor Neighbourhoods. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
‘Made in Hong Kong’. 1997. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0123328/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1.
Malcolm W. Klein [et al.], ed. 2001. The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U.S. and Europe. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Mark Cieslik and Donald Simpson. 2013. Key Concepts in Youth Studies. Vol. Series: The SAGE key concepts series. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Matza, David. 1990. Delinquency and Drift. [New ed.]. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.
McVie, Susan and Scotland. Social Research. 2010. Gang Membership and Knife Carrying: Findings from the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime. Electronic resource. Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social Research. https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20150219044301/http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2010/09/09115209/0.
Meda Chesney-Lind and John M. Hagedorn, ed. 1999. Female Gangs in America: Essays on Girls, Gangs and Gender. Chicago: Lake View Press.
Messerschmidt, James W. 1997. Crime as Structured Action: Gender, Race, Class and Crime in the Making. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications.
‘Mi Vida Loca’. 1993. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107566/.
Mike Royko. 1971. Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago. New York: Dutton.
Muncie, John. 2015a. Youth & Crime. 4th ed. London: SAGE.
———. 2015b. Youth & Crime. 4th ed. London: SAGE.
———. 2015c. Youth & Crime. 4th ed. London: SAGE.
———. 2015d. Youth & Crime. 4th ed. London: SAGE.
———. 2015e. Youth & Crime. 4th ed. London: SAGE.
———. 2021. Youth and Crime. 5th Edition. London: Sage Publishing. https://app.talis.com/textbooks/9781529756999.
Muncie, John, Deborah Talbot, and Reece Walters, eds. 2014. Crime: Local and Global. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1694458.
‘Neds, [Television Programme, Online], Prod. Credit n.k., Prod. Company n.k., Prod. Country n.k., 23:20 28/9/2014, Film4, 140mins. Http://Bobnational.Net/Record/244030, (Accessed 11/01/2016).’ n.d. https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/05AA3854.
Newburn, Tim. 2015. ‘The 2011 England Riots in Recent Historical Perspective’. British Journal of Criminology 55 (1): 39–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu074.
Nicole Hahn Rafter. 2000. Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Norma Mendoza-Denton. 2008. Homegirls: Language and Cultural Practice among Latina Youth Gangs. Vol. New directions in ethnography. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publishing.
Parker, Howard. 1992. View from the Boys: A Sociology of down-Town Adolescents. Vol. Modern revivals in sociology. Aldershot: Gregg Revivals.
Paul Corrigan. 1979. Schooling the Smash Street Kids. Vol. Series: Crisis points. London: Macmillan.
Peace Studies Group. 2012. ‘Youth and Urban Violence in San Salvador, Rio De Janeiro and Praia: Public Policies, Community-Based Responses and Recommendations’. http://www.ces.uc.pt/myces/UserFiles/livros/1097_201202IfPEWYouthViolenceRioSanPra.pdf.
Perrone, Paul A., and Meda Chesney-Lind. 1997. ‘Representations of Gangs and Delinquency: Wild in the Streets?’ Social Justice 24 (4). https://www.jstor.org/stable/29767044.
‘Pixote’. 1981. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082912/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1.
‘Punishment & Society: The International Journal of Penology’. 1999. Electronic resource. https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2204620.
‘Qualitative Research: QR.’ 2001. Electronic resource. http://encore.lib.gla.ac.uk/iii/encore/record/C__Rb2204630?lang=eng.
‘Reading the Riots | UK News | The Guardian’. n.d. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/series/reading-the-riots.
‘———’. n.d. https://www.theguardian.com/uk/series/reading-the-riots.
Robert E. L. Faris. 1967. Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932. Vol. Series: Chandler publications in anthropology and sociology. San Francisco, California: Chandler Publishing Company.
Ross Deuchar. 2009. Gangs, Marginalised Youth and Social Capital. Stoke on Trent: Trentham Books.
Samara, Tony Roshan. 2011. Cape Town after Apartheid: Crime and Governance in the Divided City. Minneapolis, [Minnesota]: University of Minnesota Press.
Sánchez-Jankowski, Martín. 1991. Islands in the Street: Gangs and American Urban Society. Electronic resource. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=837252.
Sandberg, S. 2008. ‘Street Capital: Ethnicity and Violence on the Streets of Oslo’. Theoretical Criminology 12 (2): 153–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480608089238.
Sandberg, Sveinung, and Willy Pedersen. 2011a. Street Capital: Black Cannabis Dealers in a White Welfare State. Electronic resource. Bristol, U.K.: Policy Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781847421203.001.0001.
———. 2011b. Street Capital: Black Cannabis Dealers in a White Welfare State. Electronic resource. Bristol, U.K.: Policy Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781847421203.001.0001.
Sassen, Saskia. 1991. The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Sciamma, Céline, Bénédicte Couvreur, Karidja Touré, Assa Sylla, Lindsay Karamoh, Mariétou Touré, Crystel Fournier, et al. 2015. ‘Bande de Filles = Girlhood’. [Culver City, California]: Strand Releasing Home Video.
Scott H. Decker and Frank M. Weerman, ed. 2005. European Street Gangs and Troublesome Youth Groups. Vol. Violence prevention and policy series. Lanham, Md: AltaMira Press.
Shary, Timothy. 2005. Teen Movies: American Youth on Screen. London: Wallflower.
Shary, Timothy, and Alexandra Seibel. 2007. Youth Culture in Global Cinema. 1st ed. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Simons, Herbert W., and Michael Billig. 1994. After Postmodernism: Reconstructing Ideology Critique. Vol. Inquiries in social construction. London: Sage.
‘Singapore State Courts: Family Justice Courts / Youth Court Matters’. n.d. https://www.familyjusticecourts.gov.sg/Common/Pages/YouthMatters.aspx.
‘Small Faces, [Television Programme, Online], Prod. Credit n.k., Prod. Company n.k., Prod. Country n.k., 23:50 18/9/2007, BBC ONE, 105mins. Http://Bobnational.Net/Record/236088, (Accessed 11/01/2016).’ n.d. https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/0009B01C?bcast=27378324.
‘Sociology: The Journal of the British Sociological Association’. 1967. Electronic resource. https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2205353.
Squires, Peter, and Arianna Silvestri. 2008. ‘Street Weapons Commission: Guns, Knives and Street Violence’. http://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/sites/crimeandjustice.org.uk/files/C4%20Street%20crime_1.pdf.
Standing, Guy. 2011. The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. Electronic resource. London: Bloomsbury Academic. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9781849664547.
Stephenson, Svetlana. 2015. Gangs of Russia: From the Streets to the Corridors of Power. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Steve Hall and Simon Winlow, eds. 2012a. New Directions in Criminological Theory. First edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=981915.
———, eds. 2012b. New Directions in Criminological Theory. First edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=981915.
T. W. Lo. 2012. ‘Triadization of Youth Gangs in Hong Kong’. British Journal of Criminology 52 (3): 556–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azr091.
Taylor, Ian R., and Laurie Taylor. 1973. Politics and Deviance. Vol. Pelican books. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Terrio, Susan J. 2009. Judging Mohammed: Juvenile Delinquency, Immigration, and Exclusion at the Paris Palace of Justice. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.
‘The Bling Ring, [Television Programme, Online], Prod. Credit n.k., Prod. Company n.k., Prod. Country n.k., 21:00 23/4/2015, Film4, 105mins. Http://Bobnational.Net/Record/289486, (Accessed 12/01/2016).’ 2011. https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/06392FC9.
‘The Wire’. 2002. https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.gla.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&target=https%3A%2F%2Flearningonscreen.ac.uk%2Fondemand%2Findex.php%2Fprog%2F0051C0CA%3Fbcast%3D31972344.
‘Theoretical Criminology’. n.d. Electronic resource. https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2205724.
Traver, Harold, and Jon Vagg. 1991a. Crime and Justice in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
———. 1991b. Crime and Justice in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
Travers, Max. 2013. ‘Comparing Juvenile Justice Systems: Towards a Qualitative Research Project in East Asia’. Asian Journal of Criminology 8 (2): 115–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-012-9152-0.
Treadwell, J., D. Briggs, S. Winlow, and S. Hall. 2013a. ‘Shopocalypse Now: Consumer Culture and the English Riots of 2011’. British Journal of Criminology 53 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azs054.
———. 2013b. ‘Shopocalypse Now: Consumer Culture and the English Riots of 2011’. British Journal of Criminology 53 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azs054.
Trevor Jones and Tim Newburn. 2007. Policy Transfer and Criminal Justice: Exploring US Influence over British Crime Control Policy. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
‘Tsotsi , 00:20 11/08/2013, BBC2 (BBC2 England, BBC2 Scotland, BBC2 Wales), 90 Mins.’ 2005. https://login.learningonscreen.ac.uk/wayfless.php?entityID=https://idp.gla.ac.uk/shibboleth&target=https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/00DED673.
Venkatesh, Sudhir Alladi. 2009a. Gang Leader for a Day: A Rogue Sociologist Crosses the Line. London: Penguin.
———. 2009b. Gang Leader for a Day: A Rogue Sociologist Crosses the Line. London: Penguin.
Venkatesh, Sudhir Alladi, Ronald Kassimir, and Social Science Research Council (U.S.). Collaborative Research Network on Youth and Globalization. 2007a. Youth, Globalization, and the Law. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.
———. 2007b. Youth, Globalization, and the Law. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.
Vigil, James Diego. 2002. A Rainbow of Gangs: Street Cultures in the Mega-City. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Wacquant, Loïc J. D. 2008a. Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780745674643.
———. 2008b. Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780745674643.
———. 2008c. Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780745674643.
———. 2008d. Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780745674643.
Waddington, David P., Fabien Jobard, and Mike King, eds. 2015. Rioting in the UK and France: A Comparative Analysis. Cullompton: Willan.
Wai-man Lam. 2004. Understanding the Political Culture of Hong Kong: The Paradox of Activism and Depoliticization. Vol. Series: Hong Kong becoming China. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
Ward, Colin. 1973. Vandalism. London: Architectural Press.
Watts, Meredith. 1998. Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Youth: And Violence. Vol. Contemporary Studies in Sociology. Stamford: Jai Press.
White, R. 2008. ‘Disputed Definitions and Fluid Identities: The Limitations of Social Profiling In Relation to Ethnic Youth Gangs’. Youth Justice 8 (2): 149–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225408091375.
White, R. D. 2013. Youth Gangs, Violence and Social Respect: Exploring the Nature of Provocations and Punch-Ups. Electronic resource. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137333858.
Williams, P. 2015. ‘Criminalising the Other: Challenging the Race-Gang Nexus’. Race & Class 56 (3): 18–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306396814556221.
Willis, Paul E. 1981. Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs. Aldershot, Hampshire: Gower.
Winlow, S., and S. Hall. 2009. ‘Living for the Weekend: Youth Identities in Northeast England’. Ethnography 10 (1): 91–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138108099588.
Winlow, Simon, and Steve Hall. 2006. Violent Night: Urban Leisure and Contemporary Culture. Oxford: Berg.
Winterdyk, John. 2002. Juvenile Justice Systems: International Perspectives. 2nd ed. Toronto, Ont: Canadian Scholars’.
World Health Organisation. n.d. ‘WHO Violence Prevention’. https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/violence-prevention.
‘World Prison Brief’. n.d. https://www.prisonstudies.org/country/hong-kong-china.
Young, T., W. Fitzgibbon, and D. Silverstone. 2014. ‘A Question of Family? Youth and Gangs’. Youth Justice 14 (2): 171–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225414537569.
‘Youth Justice: The Journal of the National Association for Youth Justice’. 2001. Electronic resource. https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2469778.
Yvonne Jewkes. 2015. Media & Crime. 3rd edition. Vol. Key approaches to criminology. London: SAGE Publication Ltd.
Zygmunt Bauman. 1998. Globalization: The Human Consequences. Vol. European perspectives. Cambridge: Polity Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1207767.
