Adogame, Afeosemime U., and Andrew G. Lawrence, eds. 2014. Africa in Scotland, Scotland in Africa: Historical Legacies and Contemporary Hybridities. Vol. Volume 14. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1815761.
Afigbo, Adiele E. 2009. ‘Africa and the Abolition of the Slave Trade’. The William and Mary Quarterly 66 (4): 705–14. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40467537.
Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku. 2006. Themes in West Africa’s History. Athens: Ohio University Press.
Alpern, Stanley B. 1995. ‘What Africans Got for Their Slaves: A Master List of European Trade Goods’. History in Africa 22 (January): 5–43. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3171906.
Anderson, Richard. 2017. ‘Uncovering Testimonies of Slavery and the Slave Trade in Missionary Sources: The SHADD Biographies Project and the CMS and MMS Archives for Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and the Gambia’. Slavery & Abolition 38 (3): 620–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2016.1223709.
Austen, Ralph A. 1987. African Economic History: Internal Development and External Dependency. London: James Currey.
Austen, Ralph A., and Woodruff D. Smith. 1969. ‘Images of Africa and British Slave-Trade Abolition: The Transition to an Imperialist Ideology, 1787-1807’. African Historical Studies 2 (1). https://doi.org/10.2307/216327.
Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo, Robin Law, and Paul E. Lovejoy. 2007. The Biography of Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua: His Passage from Slavery to Freedom in Africa and America. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publisher.
Behrendt, Stephen D. 2001. ‘Markets, Transaction Cycles, and Profits: Merchant Decision Making in the British Slave Trade’. The William and Mary Quarterly 58 (1). https://doi.org/10.2307/2674423.
Behrendt, Stephen D., Antera Duke, A. J. H. Latham, David Northrup, and International African Institute. 2010. The Diary of Antera Duke, an Eighteenth-Century African Slave Trader. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Behrendt, Stephen D., and Eric J. Graham. 2003. ‘African Merchants, Notables and the Slave Trade at Old Calabar, 1720: Evidence from the National Archives of Scotland’. History in Africa 30: 37–61. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3172081.
Bellagamba, Alice, Sandra E. Greene, and Martin A. Klein. 2013. African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Bethell, Leslie. 1970. The Abolition of the Brazilian Slave Trade: Britain, Brazil and the Slave Question 1807-1869. Vol. 6. London: Cambridge U.P.
Brown, Christopher Leslie. 2006. Moral Capital: Foundations of British Abolitionism. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press.
Candido, Mariana P. 2015. An African Slaving Port and the Atlantic World: Benguela and Its Hinterland. First paperback edition. Vol. 124. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chadwyck-Healey, Inc. 2005. ‘House of Commons Parliamentary Papers’. Electronic resource. [Cambridge, U.K.]: Chadwyck-Healey. 2005. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://parlipapers.proquest.com/?accountid=14540.
Clarence‐Smith, Gervase. 1984. ‘The Portuguese Contribution to the Cuban Slave and Coolie Trades in the Nineteenth Century’. Slavery & Abolition 5 (1): 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/01440398408574863.
Clarence-Smith, W.C. 1990. ‘Emigration from Western Africa, 1807–1940’. Itinerario 14 (01).
Clarence‐Smith, W.G. 1993. ‘Labour Conditions in the Plantations of São Tomé and Príncipe, 1875–1914’. Slavery & Abolition 14 (1): 149–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/01440399308575088.
Curtin, Philip D. 1965. The Image of Africa: British Ideas and Action, 1780-1850. London: Macmillan.
———. 1967. Africa Remembered; Narratives by West Africans from the Era of the Slave Trade. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press.
———. 1998. The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex: Essays in Atlantic History. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03231.
Curto, José C. 2011. ‘Alcohol under the Context of the Atlantic Slave Trade: The Case of Benguela and Its Hinterland (Angola) ( L’alcool Dans Le Contexte de La Traite Altlantique d’esclaves. Le Cas de Benguela et de Son Arrière-Pays (Angola))’. Cahiers d’Études Africaines 51: 51–85. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41445418.
Davis, David Brion. 2006. Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York: Oxford University Press. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780199726653.
Devine, T. M., ed. 2015. Recovering Scotland’s Slavery Past: The Caribbean Connection. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Devine, T. M., Gordon Jackson, W. Hamish Fraser, and Irene Maver. 1995. Glasgow. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Domingues da Silva, Daniel B. 2017. The Atlantic Slave Trade from West Central Africa, 1780-1867. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Drescher, Seymour. 2010. Econocide: British Slavery in the Era of Abolition. 2nd ed. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Duffill, Mark. 2004. ‘The Africa Trade from the Ports of Scotland, 1706–66’. Slavery & Abolition 25 (3): 102–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039042000302260.
DuPlessis, Robert S. 2016. The Material Atlantic: Clothing, Commerce, and Colonization in the Atlantic World, 1650-1800. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Eltis, D. 1979. ‘The British Contribution to the Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Slave Trade’. The Economic History Review 32 (2). https://doi.org/10.2307/2595454.
Eltis, David. 1987. Economic Growth and the Ending of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. New York: Oxford University Press.
Eltis, David, and David Richardson. 2008. Extending the Frontiers: Essays on the New Transatlantic Slave Trade Database. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300134360.001.0001.
Eltis, David, David Richardson, and David Brion Davis. 2010. Atlas of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Edited by David W. Blight. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
Eltis, David, James Walvin, and Svend E. Green-Pedersen. 1981. The Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade: Origins and Effects in Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Equiano, Olaudah. 2003. The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings. Edited by Vincent Carretta. Revised edition. New York: Penguin Books. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1127301.
Evans, Chris, and Göran Rydén. 2018. ‘“Voyage Iron”: An Atlantic Slave Trade Currency, Its European Origins, and West African Impact*’. Past & Present 239 (1): 41–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtx055.
Ferreira, Roquinaldo. 2012. Cross-Cultural Exchange in the Atlantic World: Angola and Brazil during the Era of the Slave Trade. Vol. no. 121. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139025096.
Gemery, Henry A., and Jan S. Hogendorn. 1979. The Uncommon Market: Essays in the Economic History of the Atlantic Slave Trade. New York: Academic Press.
Getz, Trevor R. 2004. Slavery and Reform in West Africa: Toward Emancipation in Nineteenth-Century Senegal and the Gold Coast. Athens: Ohio University Press.
Grant, Kevin. 2005. A Civilised Savagery: Britain and the New Slaveries in Africa, 1884-1926. New York: Routledge.
Greene, Jack P., and Philip D. Morgan. 2009. Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal. New York: Oxford University Press.
Greene, Sandra E. 2011. West African Narratives of Slavery: Texts from Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Ghana. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
———. 2017. Slave Owners of West Africa: Decision Making in the Age of Abolition. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
Harris, John A. E. 2016. ‘Circuits of Wealth, Circuits of Sorrow: Financing the Illegal Transatlantic Slave Trade in the Age of Suppression, 1850–66’. Journal of Global History 11 (03): 409–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022816000218.
Hawthorne, Walter. 2001. ‘Nourishing a Stateless Society during the Slave Trade: The Rise of Balanta Paddy-Rice Production in Guinea-Bissau’. The Journal of African History 42 (1): 1–24. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3647213.
Higgs, Catherine. n.d. Chocolate Islands: Cocoa, Slavery, and Colonial Africa.
Hopkins, A. G. 1973. An Economic History of West Africa. [Harlow]: Longman.
Inikori, J. E. 1977. ‘The Import of Firearms into West Africa 1750–1807: A Quantitative Analysis’. The Journal of African History 18 (03). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700027304.
———. 2002. Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England: A Study in International Trade and Development. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02605.
Inikori, Joseph E. 2007. ‘Africa and the Globalization Process: Western Africa, 1450–1850’. Journal of Global History 2 (01). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022807002045.
Isert, Paul Erdmann, and Selena Axelrod Winsnes. 2007. Letters on West Africa and the Slave Trade: Paul Erdmann Isert’s Journey to Guinea and the Carribean Islands in Columbia (1788). Legon, Accra, Ghana: Sub-Saharan Publishers.
Klein, Herbert S. 2010. The Atlantic Slave Trade. 2nd ed., New ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Klein, Herbert S., and Ben Vinson. 2007. African Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
Klein, Martin A. 1972. ‘Social and Economic Factors in the Muslim Revolution in Senegambia’. The Journal of African History 13 (3): 419–41. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180588.
———. 1993a. Breaking the Chains: Slavery, Bondage, and Emancipation in Modern Africa and Asia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
———. 1993b. Breaking the Chains: Slavery, Bondage, and Emancipation in Modern Africa and Asia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
———. 1993c. Breaking the Chains: Slavery, Bondage, and Emancipation in Modern Africa and Asia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
———. 1993d. Breaking the Chains: Slavery, Bondage, and Emancipation in Modern Africa and Asia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Kobayashi, Kazuo. 2017. ‘Indian Textiles and Gum Arabic in the Lower Senegal River: Global Significance of Local Trade and Consumers in the Early Nineteenth Century’. African Economic History 45 (2): 27–53. https://doi.org/10.1353/aeh.2017.0005.
Kriger, Colleen E. 2006. Cloth in West African History. Lanham: AltaMira Press.
Lambert, David. 2013. Mastering the Niger: James MacQueen’s African Geography and the Struggle over Atlantic Slavery. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://chicago.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7208/chicago/9780226078236.001.0001/upso-9780226078069.
Lambert, Sheila. 1975. ‘House of Commons Sessional Papers of the Eighteenth Century’.
Last, Joseph Thomas. n.d. Polyglotta Africana Orientalis: Or a Comparative Collection of Two Hundred and Fifty Words and Sentences in Forty-Eight Languages and Dialects Spoken. Nabu Press, 2011.
Law, Robin. 1997. ‘The Politics of Commercial Transition: Factional Conflict in Dahomey in the Context of the Ending of the Atlantic Slave Trade’. The Journal of African History 38 (2): 213–33. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/politics-of-commercial-transition-factional-conflict-in-dahomey-in-the-context-of-the-ending-of-the-atlantic-slave-trade/4CA87615F06B3D593D510C89BBABE996.
———. 2004. Ouidah: The Social History of a West African Slaving ‘Port’, 1727-1892. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press.
Law, Robin, Suzanne Schwarz, and Silke Strickrodt, eds. 2016. Commercial Agriculture, the Slave Trade & Slavery in Atlantic Africa. Oxford: James Currey.
Law, Robin and University of Stirling. Centre of Commonwealth Studies. 2002. From Slave Trade to ‘legitimate’ Commerce: The Commercial Transition in Nineteenth-Century West Africa : Papers from a Conference of the Centre of Commonwealth Studies, University of Stirling. 1st pbk. ed. Vol. 86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lawrance, Benjamin N., and Richard L. Roberts, eds. 2012. Trafficking in Slavery’s Wake: Law and the Experience of Women and Children. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.
Livingstone, David. 1857. Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa: Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years’ Residence in the Interior of Africa and a Journey from the Cape of Good Hope to Loanda on the West Coast, Thence across the Continent, down the River Zambesi to the Eastern Ocean. London: J. Murray. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044042795997;view=1up;seq=9.
Lovejoy, Paul E. 1989. ‘The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa: A Review of the Literature’. The Journal of African History 30 (03). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700024439.
———. 2002. ‘Islam, Slavery, and Political Transformation in West Africa : Constraints on the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade’. Outre-Mers 89 (336): 247–82. https://doi.org/10.3406/outre.2002.3992.
———. 2011. Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. 3rd ed. Vol. 117. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lovejoy, Paul E., and Toyin Falola. 2003. Pawnship, Slavery, and Colonialism in Africa. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press.
Lovejoy, Paul E., and Vanessa S. Oliveira. 2013. ‘An Index to the Slavery and Slave Trade Enquiry: The British Parliamentary House of Commons Sessional Papers, 1788-1792’. History in Africa 40 (01): 193–255. https://doi.org/10.1017/hia.2013.11.
Lovejoy, Paul E., and David Richardson. 1999. ‘Trust, Pawnship, and Atlantic History: The Institutional Foundations of the Old Calabar Slave Trade’. The American Historical Review 104 (2). https://doi.org/10.2307/2650369.
———. 2001. ‘The Business of Slaving: Pawnship in Western Africa, c. 1600-1810’. The Journal of African History 42 (1): 67–89. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/business-of-slaving-pawnship-in-western-africa-c-16001810/BCF564EFACF2D4B27F89A6A9FDC0CBA3.
———. 2004. ‘'This Horrid Hole’: Royal Authority, Commerce and Credit at Bonny, 1690-1840’. The Journal of African History 45 (3): 363–92. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853704009879.
Lynn, Martin. 1981. ‘Change and Continuity in the British Palm Oil Trade with West Africa, 1830-55’. The Journal of African History 22 (3): 331–48. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/181807.
———. 1986. ‘The “Imperialism of Free Trade” and the Case of West Africa, c.1830‐c.1870’. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 15 (1): 22–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03086538608582727.
———. 1989. ‘From Sail to Steam: The Impact of the Steamship Services on the British Palm Oil Trade with West Africa, 1850-1890’. The Journal of African History 30 (2): 227–45. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/183066.
———. 2002. Commerce and Economic Change in West Africa: The Palm Oil Trade in the Nineteenth Century. First paperback edition. Vol. 93. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
MacGaffey, Wyatt. 2008. ‘Kongo Slavery Remembered by Themselves: Texts from 1915’. The International Journal of African Historical Studies 41 (1): 55–76. http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40282456.
Macola, Giacomo. 2010. ‘REASSESSING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FIREARMS IN CENTRAL AFRICA: THE CASE OF NORTH-WESTERN ZAMBIA TO THE 1920S’. The Journal of African History 51 (3): 301–21. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23017720.
Mann, Kristin. 2010. Slavery and the Birth of an African City: Lagos, 1760-1900. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press.
Manning, Patrick. 1990. Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental and African Slave Trades. Vol. 67. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marques, João Pedro. 2006. The Sounds of Silence: Nineteenth-Century Portugal and the Abolition of the Slave Trade / João Pedro Marques ; Translated by Richard Wall. Vol. v. 4. New York: Berghahn Books.
Martinez, Jenny S. 2008. ‘Antislavery Courts and the Dawn of International Human Rights Law’. The Yale Law Journal 117 (4). https://doi.org/10.2307/20455804.
‘MCC Slave Voyage The Unity, 1761-1763’. n.d. https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/slaves-journey/?lang=en.
McGowan, Winston. 1990. ‘African Resistance to the Atlantic Slave Trade in West Africa’. Slavery & Abolition 11 (1): 5–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/01440399008574997.
Metcalf, George. 1987. ‘A Microcosm of Why Africans Sold Slaves: Akan Consumption Patterns in the 1770s.’ The Journal of African History 28 (03). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700030097.
Miers, Suzanne, and Richard L. Roberts. 1988. The End of Slavery in Africa. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press.
Miller, Joseph Calder. 1988. Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730-1830. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02634.
Misevich, Philip, and Kristin Mann, eds. 2016a. The Rise and Demise of Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Atlantic World. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
———, eds. 2016b. The Rise and Demise of Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Atlantic World. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
———, eds. 2016c. The Rise and Demise of Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Atlantic World. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
———, eds. 2016d. The Rise and Demise of Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Atlantic World. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
———, eds. 2016e. The Rise and Demise of Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Atlantic World. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
———, eds. 2016f. The Rise and Demise of Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Atlantic World. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
———, eds. 2016g. The Rise and Demise of Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Atlantic World. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
Munro, J. Forbes. 1976. Africa and the International Economy, 1800-1960: An Introduction to the Modern Economic History of Africa South of the Sahara. London: Dent.
Murray, David R. 1980. Odious Commerce: Britain, Spain and the Abolition of the Cuban Slave Trade. Vol. 37. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Needell, Jeffrey D. 2001. ‘The Abolition of the Brazilian Slave Trade in 1850: Historiography, Slave Agency and Statesmanship’. Journal of Latin American Studies 33 (4): 681–711. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3653761.
Newbury, C. W. 1965. British Policy towards West Africa: Select Documents. Oxford: Clarendon P.
Newton, John. 1962. The Journal of a Slave Trader (John Newton), 1750 to 1754, with Newton’s ‘Thoughts upon the African Slave Trade’. Epworth P.
Northrup, David. 1976. ‘The Compatibility of the Slave and Palm Oil Trades in the Bight of Biafra’. The Journal of African History 17 (3): 353–64. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180699.
———. 1995. Indentured Labor in the Age of Imperialism, 1834-1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 2014. Africa’s Discovery of Europe, 1450-1850. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.31093.
Paquette, Gabriel. 2010. ‘After Brazil: Portuguese Debates on Empire, c. 1820-1850’. Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History 11 (2). https://doi.org/10.1353/cch.2010.0005.
Park, Mungo. 1838. The Life and Travels of Mungo Park: Comprising an Original Memoir of His Early Life, a Reprint of the ‘Travels in the Interior of Africa’, Written by Himself, and Published in Quarto in 1798, and an Original Narrative of His Second Journey : Also, an Original Account of the Progress of African Discovery from the Death of Park till the Year 1838 : Illustrated with a Map. People’s ed. Edinburgh: William and Robert Chambers. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b2794485;view=1up;seq=7.
Paul E. Lovejoy and David Richardson. 1995. ‘British Abolition and Its Impact on Slave Prices Along the Atlantic Coast of Africa, 1783-1850’. The Journal of Economic History 55 (1): 98–119. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/stable/2123769.
Peterson, Derek R. 2010. Abolitionism and Imperialism in Britain, Africa, and the Atlantic. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.
Pole, L. M. 1982. ‘Decline or Survival? Iron Production in West Africa from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Centuries’. The Journal of African History 23 (04). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700021320.
Reese, Ty M. 2009. ‘“Eating” Luxury: Fante Middlemen, British Goods, and Changing Dependencies on the Gold Coast, 1750-1821’. The William and Mary Quarterly 66 (4): 851–72. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40467544.
Richardson, David. 2001. ‘Shipboard Revolts, African Authority, and the Atlantic Slave Trade’. The William and Mary Quarterly 58 (1). https://doi.org/10.2307/2674419.
———. 2007. ‘The Ending of the British Slave Trade in 1807: The Economic Context’. Parliamentary History 26: 127–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-0206.2007.tb00684.x.
Riello, Giorgio. 2013. Cotton: The Fabric That Made the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Riello, Giorgio, and Prasannan Parthasarathi. 2009. The Spinning World: A Global History of Cotton Textiles, 1200-1850. Vol. 16. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Rodney, Walter. 1966. ‘African Slavery and Other Forms of Social Oppression on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Context of the Atlantic Slave-Trade’. The Journal of African History 7 (3): 431–43. https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180112.
———. 1982. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Rev. ed. Washington D.C.: Howard University Press.
Rönnbäck, Klas. 2013. ‘Enlightenment, Scientific Exploration and Abolitionism: Anders Sparrman’s and Carl Bernhard Wadström’s Colonial Encounters in Senegal, 1787–1788 and the British Abolitionist Movement’. Slavery & Abolition 34 (3): 425–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2012.734113.
———. 2014a. ‘The Idle and the Industrious – European Ideas about the African Work Ethic in Precolonial West Africa’. History in Africa 41 (June): 117–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/hia.2014.4.
———. 2014b. ‘The Idle and the Industrious – European Ideas about the African Work Ethic in Precolonial West Africa’. History in Africa 41 (June): 117–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/hia.2014.4.
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Ugo Nwokeji, G., and David Eltis. 2002. ‘Characteristics of Captives Leaving the Cameroons for the Americas, 1822-1837’. The Journal of African History 43 (02): 191–210. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853701008076.
Vansina, Jan. 2005. ‘Ambaca Society and the Slave Trade, c. 1760-1845’. The Journal of African History 46 (1): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853704009910.
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