1.
Austen RA. African economic history: internal development and external dependency. London: James Currey; 1987.
2.
Curtin PD. The rise and fall of the plantation complex: essays in Atlantic history [Internet]. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1998. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.03231
3.
Eltis D, Richardson D, Davis DB. Atlas of the transatlantic slave trade. Blight DW, editor. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press; 2010.
4.
Eltis D, Richardson D. Extending the frontiers: essays on the new transatlantic slave trade database [Internet]. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press; 2008. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300134360.001.0001
5.
Hopkins AG. An economic history of West Africa. [Harlow]: Longman; 1973.
6.
Inikori JE. Africa and the globalization process: western Africa, 1450–1850. Journal of Global History. 2007 Mar;2(01).
7.
Klein HS. The Atlantic slave trade. 2nd ed., New ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010.
8.
Akyeampong EK. Themes in West Africa’s history. Athens: Ohio University Press; 2006.
9.
Misevich P, Mann K, editors. The rise and demise of slavery and the slave trade in the Atlantic world. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press; 2016.
10.
Manning P. Slavery and African life: occidental, oriental and African slave trades. Vol. 67. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1990.
11.
Greene JP, Morgan PD. Atlantic history: a critical appraisal. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009.
12.
Munro JF. Africa and the international economy, 1800-1960: an introduction to the modern economic history of Africa south of the Sahara. London: Dent; 1976.
13.
Northrup D. Africa’s discovery of Europe, 1450-1850 [Internet]. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.31093
14.
Misevich P, Mann K, editors. The rise and demise of slavery and the slave trade in the Atlantic world. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press; 2016.
15.
Thornton JK. Africa and Africans in the making of the Atlantic world, 1400-1800 [Internet]. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1998. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.01405
16.
Rodney W. African Slavery and Other Forms of Social Oppression on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Context of the Atlantic Slave-Trade. The Journal of African History [Internet]. 1966;7(3):431–43. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180112
17.
Behrendt SD. Markets, Transaction Cycles, and Profits: Merchant Decision Making in the British Slave Trade. The William and Mary Quarterly. 2001 Jan;58(1).
18.
Hawthorne W. Nourishing a Stateless Society during the Slave Trade: The Rise of Balanta Paddy-Rice Production in Guinea-Bissau. The Journal of African History [Internet]. 2001;42(1):1–24. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3647213
19.
Inikori JE. Africans and the industrial revolution in England: a study in international trade and development [Internet]. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press; 2002. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02605
20.
Law R. Ouidah: the social history of a West African slaving ‘port’, 1727-1892. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press; 2004.
21.
Lovejoy PE. The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa: A Review of the Literature. The Journal of African History. 1989 Nov;30(03).
22.
Lovejoy PE. Islam, slavery, and political transformation in West Africa : constraints on the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Outre-mers. 2002;89(336):247–82.
23.
Lovejoy PE, Richardson D. Trust, Pawnship, and Atlantic History: The Institutional Foundations of the Old Calabar Slave Trade. The American Historical Review. 1999 Apr;104(2).
24.
Lovejoy PE, Richardson D. The Business of Slaving: Pawnship in Western Africa, c. 1600-1810. The Journal of African History [Internet]. 2001;42(1):67–89. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/business-of-slaving-pawnship-in-western-africa-c-16001810/BCF564EFACF2D4B27F89A6A9FDC0CBA3
25.
Lovejoy PE, Richardson D. 'This Horrid Hole’: Royal Authority, Commerce and Credit at Bonny, 1690-1840. The Journal of African History. 2004 Nov;45(3):363–92.
26.
Mann K. Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press; 2010.
27.
McGowan W. African resistance to the Atlantic slave trade in West Africa. Slavery & Abolition. 1990 May;11(1):5–29.
28.
Misevich P, Mann K, editors. The rise and demise of slavery and the slave trade in the Atlantic world. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press; 2016.
29.
Ugo Nwokeji G, Eltis D. Characteristics of Captives Leaving the Cameroons for the Americas, 1822-1837. The Journal of African History. 2002 Jul;43(02):191–210.
30.
Richardson D. Shipboard Revolts, African Authority, and the Atlantic Slave Trade. The William and Mary Quarterly. 2001 Jan;58(1).
31.
Sparks RJ. Where the Negroes are masters: an African port in the era of the slave trade. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 2014.
32.
Webb JLA. The Horse and Slave Trade Between the Western Sahara and Senegambia. The Journal of African History. 1993 Jul;34(02).
33.
Alpern SB. What Africans Got for Their Slaves: A Master List of European Trade Goods. History in Africa [Internet]. 1995 Jan;22:5–43. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3171906
34.
Curto JC. Alcohol under the Context of the Atlantic Slave Trade: The Case of Benguela and its Hinterland (Angola) ( L’alcool dans le contexte de la traite altlantique d’esclaves. Le cas de Benguela et de son arrière-pays (Angola)). Cahiers d’Études Africaines [Internet]. 2011;51:51–85. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41445418
35.
DuPlessis RS. The material Atlantic: clothing, commerce, and colonization in the Atlantic World, 1650-1800. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; 2016.
36.
Evans C, Rydén G. ‘Voyage Iron’: An Atlantic Slave Trade Currency, its European Origins, and West African Impact*. Past & Present. 2018 May 1;239(1):41–70.
37.
Inikori JE. The Import of Firearms into West Africa 1750–1807: a quantitative analysis. The Journal of African History. 1977 Jul;18(03).
38.
Riello G, Roy T. How India clothed the world: the world of South Asian textiles, 1500-1850. Vol. v. 4. Leiden: Brill; 2009.
39.
Kobayashi K. Indian Textiles and Gum Arabic in the Lower Senegal River: Global Significance of Local Trade and Consumers in the Early Nineteenth Century. African Economic History. 2017;45(2):27–53.
40.
Kriger CE. Cloth in West African history. Lanham: AltaMira Press; 2006.
41.
Riello G, Parthasarathi P. The spinning world: a global history of cotton textiles, 1200-1850. Vol. 16. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009.
42.
Macola G. REASSESSING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FIREARMS IN CENTRAL AFRICA: THE CASE OF NORTH-WESTERN ZAMBIA TO THE 1920S. The Journal of African History [Internet]. 2010;51(3):301–21. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23017720
43.
Metcalf G. A Microcosm of Why Africans sold Slaves: Akan Consumption Patterns in the 1770s. The Journal of African History. 1987 Nov;28(03).
44.
Pole LM. Decline or Survival? Iron Production in West Africa from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Centuries. The Journal of African History. 1982 Oct;23(04).
45.
Reese TM. ‘Eating’ Luxury: Fante Middlemen, British Goods, and Changing Dependencies on the Gold Coast, 1750-1821. The William and Mary Quarterly [Internet]. 2009;66(4):851–72. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40467544
46.
Gemery HA, Hogendorn JS. The uncommon market: essays in the economic history of the Atlantic slave trade. New York: Academic Press; 1979.
47.
Riello G. Cotton: the fabric that made the modern world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2013.
48.
Rodney W. How Europe underdeveloped Africa. Rev. ed. Washington D.C.: Howard University Press; 1982.
49.
Afigbo AE. Africa and the Abolition of the Slave Trade. The William and Mary Quarterly [Internet]. 2009;66(4):705–14. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40467537
50.
Austen RA, Smith WD. Images of Africa and British Slave-Trade Abolition: The Transition to an Imperialist Ideology, 1787-1807. African Historical Studies. 1969;2(1).
51.
Brown CL. Moral capital: foundations of British abolitionism. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press; 2006.
52.
Curtin PD. The image of Africa: British ideas and action, 1780-1850. London: Macmillan; 1965.
53.
Davis DB. Inhuman bondage: the rise and fall of slavery in the New World [Internet]. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=GlasgowUni&isbn=9780199726653
54.
Drescher S. Econocide: British slavery in the era of abolition. 2nd ed. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; 2010.
55.
Misevich P, Mann K, editors. The rise and demise of slavery and the slave trade in the Atlantic world. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press; 2016.
56.
Eltis D. Economic growth and the ending of the transatlantic slave trade. New York: Oxford University Press; 1987.
57.
Eltis D, Walvin J, Green-Pedersen SE. The abolition of the Atlantic slave trade: origins and effects in Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; 1981.
58.
Law R, University of Stirling. Centre of Commonwealth Studies. From slave trade to ‘legitimate’ commerce: the commercial transition in nineteenth-century West Africa : papers from a conference of the Centre of Commonwealth Studies, University of Stirling. 1st pbk. ed. Vol. 86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002.
59.
Klein MA. Social and Economic Factors in the Muslim Revolution in Senegambia. The Journal of African History [Internet]. 1972;13(3):419–41. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180588
60.
Law R. The Politics of Commercial Transition: Factional Conflict in Dahomey in the Context of the Ending of the Atlantic Slave Trade. The Journal of African History [Internet]. 1997;38(2):213–33. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/politics-of-commercial-transition-factional-conflict-in-dahomey-in-the-context-of-the-ending-of-the-atlantic-slave-trade/4CA87615F06B3D593D510C89BBABE996
61.
Law R, Schwarz S, Strickrodt S, editors. Commercial agriculture, the slave trade & slavery in Atlantic Africa. Oxford: James Currey; 2016.
62.
Paul E. Lovejoy and David Richardson. British Abolition and its Impact on Slave Prices Along the Atlantic Coast of Africa, 1783-1850. The Journal of Economic History [Internet]. 1995;55(1):98–119. Available from: http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/stable/2123769
63.
Lynn M. Change and Continuity in the British Palm Oil Trade with West Africa, 1830-55. The Journal of African History [Internet]. 1981;22(3):331–48. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/181807
64.
Lynn M. The ‘imperialism of free trade’ and the case of West Africa, c.1830‐c.1870. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 1986 Oct;15(1):22–40.
65.
Lynn M. Commerce and economic change in West Africa: the palm oil trade in the nineteenth century. First paperback edition. Vol. 93. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002.
66.
Northrup D. The Compatibility of the Slave and Palm Oil Trades in the Bight of Biafra. The Journal of African History [Internet]. 1976;17(3):353–64. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180699
67.
Peterson DR. Abolitionism and imperialism in Britain, Africa, and the Atlantic. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press; 2010.
68.
Richardson D. The Ending of the British Slave Trade in 1807: The Economic Context. Parliamentary History. 2007;26:127–40.
69.
Rönnbäck K. The Idle and the Industrious – European Ideas about the African Work Ethic in Precolonial West Africa. History in Africa. 2014 Jun;41:117–45.
70.
Rönnbäck K. Enlightenment, Scientific Exploration and Abolitionism: Anders Sparrman’s and Carl Bernhard Wadström’s Colonial Encounters in Senegal, 1787–1788 and the British Abolitionist Movement. Slavery & Abolition. 2013 Sep;34(3):425–45.
71.
Rönnbäck K. The Idle and the Industrious – European Ideas about the African Work Ethic in Precolonial West Africa. History in Africa. 2014 Jun;41:117–45.
72.
Temperley H. White dreams, Black Africa: the antislavery expedition to the River Niger 1841-1842. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press; 1991.
73.
Bethell L. The abolition of the Brazilian slave trade: Britain, Brazil and the slave question 1807-1869. Vol. 6. London: Cambridge U.P; 1970.
74.
Candido MP. An African slaving port and the Atlantic world: Benguela and its hinterland. First paperback edition. Vol. 124. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2015.
75.
Clarence‐Smith G. The Portuguese contribution to the Cuban slave and coolie trades in the nineteenth century. Slavery & Abolition. 1984 May;5(1):24–33.
76.
Domingues da Silva DB. The Atlantic slave trade from West Central Africa, 1780-1867. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2017.
77.
Misevich P, Mann K, editors. The rise and demise of slavery and the slave trade in the Atlantic world. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press; 2016.
78.
Eltis D. The British Contribution to the Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Slave Trade. The Economic History Review. 1979 May;32(2).
79.
Ferreira R. Cross-Cultural Exchange in the Atlantic World: Angola and Brazil during the Era of the Slave Trade [Internet]. Vol. no. 121. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2012. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139025096
80.
Harris JAE. Circuits of wealth, circuits of sorrow: financing the illegal transatlantic slave trade in the age of suppression, 1850–66. Journal of Global History. 2016 Nov;11(03):409–29.
81.
Klein HS, Vinson B. African slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007.
82.
Misevich P, Mann K, editors. The rise and demise of slavery and the slave trade in the Atlantic world. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press; 2016.
83.
Marques JP. The sounds of silence: nineteenth-century Portugal and the abolition of the slave trade / João Pedro Marques ; translated by Richard Wall. Vol. v. 4. New York: Berghahn Books; 2006.
84.
Misevich P, Mann K, editors. The rise and demise of slavery and the slave trade in the Atlantic world. Vol. Volume 71. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press; 2016.
85.
Martinez JS. Antislavery Courts and the Dawn of International Human Rights Law. The Yale Law Journal. 2008;117(4).
86.
Miller JC. Way of death: merchant capitalism and the Angolan slave trade, 1730-1830 [Internet]. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press; 1988. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.02634
87.
Murray DR. Odious commerce: Britain, Spain and the abolition of the Cuban slave trade. Vol. 37. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1980.
88.
Needell JD. The Abolition of the Brazilian Slave Trade in 1850: Historiography, Slave Agency and Statesmanship. Journal of Latin American Studies [Internet]. 2001;33(4):681–711. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3653761
89.
Paquette G. After Brazil: Portuguese Debates on Empire, c. 1820-1850. Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History. 2010;11(2).
90.
Schmidt-Nowara C. Anti-slavery in Spain and Its Colonies, 1808–86. In: Mulligan W, Bric M, editors. A Global History of Anti-slavery Politics in the Nineteenth Century [Internet]. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2013. p. 137–48. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://link.springer.com/10.1057/9781137032607_8
91.
Anderson R. Uncovering testimonies of slavery and the slave trade in missionary sources: the SHADD biographies project and the CMS and MMS archives for Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and the Gambia. Slavery & Abolition. 2017 Jul 3;38(3):620–44.
92.
Bellagamba A, Greene SE, Klein MA. African voices on slavery and the slave trade. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2013.
93.
Clarence-Smith WC. Emigration from Western Africa, 1807–1940. Itinerario. 1990;14(01).
94.
Klein MA. Breaking the chains: slavery, bondage, and emancipation in modern Africa and Asia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; 1993.
95.
Clarence‐Smith WG. Labour conditions in the plantations of São tomé and príncipe, 1875–1914. Slavery & Abolition. 1993 Apr;14(1):149–67.
96.
Getz TR. Slavery and reform in West Africa: toward emancipation in nineteenth-century Senegal and the Gold Coast. Athens: Ohio University Press; 2004.
97.
Grant K. A civilised savagery: Britain and the new slaveries in Africa, 1884-1926. New York: Routledge; 2005.
98.
Greene SE. Slave owners of West Africa: decision making in the age of abolition. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press; 2017.
99.
Higgs C. Chocolate Islands: Cocoa, Slavery, and Colonial Africa.
100.
Klein MA. Breaking the chains: slavery, bondage, and emancipation in modern Africa and Asia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; 1993.
101.
Klein MA. Breaking the chains: slavery, bondage, and emancipation in modern Africa and Asia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; 1993.
102.
Scully P, Paton D. Gender and slave emancipation in the Atlantic world. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press; 2005.
103.
Lovejoy PE. Transformations in slavery: a history of slavery in Africa. 3rd ed. Vol. 117. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2011.
104.
Lovejoy PE, Falola T. Pawnship, slavery, and colonialism in Africa. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press; 2003.
105.
MacGaffey W. Kongo Slavery Remembered by Themselves: Texts from 1915. The International Journal of African Historical Studies [Internet]. 2008;41(1):55–76. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40282456
106.
Klein MA. Breaking the chains: slavery, bondage, and emancipation in modern Africa and Asia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; 1993.
107.
Miers S, Roberts RL. The End of slavery in Africa. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press; 1988.
108.
Northrup D. Indentured labor in the age of imperialism, 1834-1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995.
109.
Stilwell SA. Slavery and slaving in African history. Vol. 8. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2014.
110.
Vansina J. Ambaca Society and the Slave Trade, c. 1760-1845. The Journal of African History. 2005 Mar;46(1):1–27.
111.
Lawrance BN, Roberts RL, editors. Trafficking in slavery’s wake: law and the experience of women and children. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press; 2012.
112.
Behrendt SD, Duke A, Latham AJH, Northrup D, International African Institute. The diary of Antera Duke, an eighteenth-century African slave trader. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2010.
113.
Curtin PD. Africa remembered; narratives by West Africans from the era of the slave trade. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press; 1967.
114.
Equiano O. The interesting narrative and other writings [Internet]. Revised edition. Carretta V, editor. New York: Penguin Books; 2003. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1127301
115.
Greene SE. West African narratives of slavery: texts from late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Ghana. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; 2011.
116.
Chadwyck-Healey, Inc. House of Commons parliamentary papers [Internet]. [Cambridge, U.K.]: Chadwyck-Healey; 2005. Available from: http://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=http://parlipapers.proquest.com/?accountid=14540
117.
Isert PE, Winsnes SA. Letters on West Africa and the slave trade: Paul Erdmann Isert’s journey to Guinea and the Carribean islands in Columbia (1788). Legon, Accra, Ghana: Sub-Saharan Publishers; 2007.
118.
Last JT. Polyglotta Africana orientalis: or a comparative collection of two hundred and fifty words and sentences in forty-eight languages and dialects spoken. Nabu Press, 2011;
119.
Lambert S. House of Commons sessional papers of the eighteenth century. 1975;
120.
Lovejoy PE, Oliveira VS. An Index to the Slavery and Slave Trade Enquiry: The British Parliamentary House of Commons Sessional Papers, 1788-1792. History in Africa. 2013 Oct;40(01):193–255.
121.
Baquaqua MG, Law R, Lovejoy PE. The biography of Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua: his passage from slavery to freedom in Africa and America. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publisher; 2007.
122.
Livingstone D. Missionary travels and researches in South Africa: including a sketch of sixteen years’ residence in the interior of Africa and a journey from the Cape of Good Hope to Loanda on the West coast, thence across the continent, down the River Zambesi to the Eastern Ocean [Internet]. London: J. Murray; 1857. Available from: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044042795997;view=1up;seq=9
123.
Newbury CW. British policy towards West Africa: select documents. Oxford: Clarendon P.; 1965.
124.
Newton J. The journal of a slave trader (John Newton), 1750 to 1754, with Newton’s ‘Thoughts upon the African slave trade’. Epworth P; 1962.
125.
Park M. The life and travels of Mungo Park: comprising an original memoir of his early life, a reprint of the ‘Travels in the interior of Africa’, written by himself, and published in quarto in 1798, and an original narrative of his second journey : also, an original account of the progress of African discovery from the death of Park till the year 1838 : illustrated with a map [Internet]. People’s ed. Edinburgh: William and Robert Chambers; 1838. Available from: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b2794485;view=1up;seq=7
126.
Voyages: The Transatlantic Slave Trade Database [Internet]. Available from: http://www.slavevoyages.org/
127.
MCC Slave Voyage The Unity, 1761-1763 [Internet]. Available from: https://eenigheid.slavenhandelmcc.nl/slaves-journey/?lang=en
128.
The Liberated Africans Projects [Internet]. Available from: http://www.liberatedafricans.org/
129.
Behrendt SD, Graham EJ. African Merchants, Notables and the Slave Trade at Old Calabar, 1720: Evidence from the National Archives of Scotland. History in Africa [Internet]. 2003;30:37–61. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3172081
130.
Adogame AU, Lawrence AG, editors. Africa in Scotland, Scotland in Africa: historical legacies and contemporary hybridities [Internet]. Vol. Volume 14. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill; 2014. Available from: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1815761
131.
Devine TM, editor. Recovering Scotland’s slavery past: the Caribbean connection. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2015.
132.
Devine TM, Jackson G, Fraser WH, Maver I. Glasgow. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 1995.
133.
Duffill M. The Africa trade from the ports of Scotland, 1706–66. Slavery & Abolition. 2004 Dec;25(3):102–22.
134.
Lambert D. Mastering the Niger: James MacQueen’s African geography and the struggle over Atlantic slavery [Internet]. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press; 2013. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://chicago.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7208/chicago/9780226078236.001.0001/upso-9780226078069
135.
Lynn M. From Sail to Steam: The Impact of the Steamship Services on the British Palm Oil Trade with West Africa, 1850-1890. The Journal of African History [Internet]. 1989;30(2):227–45. Available from: https://ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/183066